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Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.th

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

103,700 (2003)

Internet users [time series]

6,971,500 (2003)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 204, FM 334, shortwave 6 (1999)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: high quality system, especially in urban areas like Bangkok; WTO requirement for privatization of telecom sector is planned to be complete by 2006 domestic: fixed line system provided by both a government owned and commercial provider; wireless service expanding rapidly and outpacing fixed lines international: country code - 66; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); landing country for APCN submarine cable

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

6,617,400 (2003)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

26.5 million (2005)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

5 (all in Bangkok; plus 131 repeaters) (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans

Budget [time series]

revenues: $30.86 billion expenditures: $31.94 billion, including capital expenditures of $5 billion (2004 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency (code)) [time series]

baht (THB)

Current account balance [time series]

$6.736 billion (2004 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$50.59 billion (2004 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

51.1 (2002)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$72 million (2002)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Thailand has a well developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and welcomes foreign investment. Thailand has fully recovered from the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis and was one of East Asia's best performers in 2002-04. Increased consumption and investment spending and strong export growth pushed GDP growth up to 6.9% in 2003 and 6.1% in 2004 despite a sluggish global economy. The highly popular government's expansionist policy, including major support of village economic development, has raised concerns about fiscal discipline and the health of financial institutions. Bangkok has pursued preferential trade agreements with a variety of partners in an effort to boost exports and maintain high growth, and in 2004 began negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement with the US. In late December 2004, a major tsunami took 8,500 lives in Thailand and caused massive destruction of property in the southern provinces of Krabi, Phangnga, and Phuket.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

106.1 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports [time series]

188 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - imports [time series]

600 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - production [time series]

118.9 billion kWh (2003)

Exchange rates [time series]

baht per US dollar - 40.222 (2004), 41.485 (2003), 42.96 (2002), 44.432 (2001), 40.112 (2000)

Exports [time series]

$87.91 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical appliances

Exports - partners [time series]

US 15.9%, Japan 13.9%, China 7.3%, Singapore 7.2%, Malaysia 5.4%, Hong Kong 5.1% (2004)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 October - 30 September

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$524.8 billion (2004 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 9% industry: 44.3% services: 46.7% (2004 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $8,100 (2004 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

6.1% (2004 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)

Imports [time series]

$80.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels

Imports - partners [time series]

Japan 23.6%, China 8.6%, US 7.6%, Malaysia 5.8%, Singapore 4.4%, Taiwan 4.1% (2004)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

8.5% (2004 est.)

Industries [time series]

tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry, electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, world's second-largest tungsten producer, and third-largest tin producer

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.8% (2004 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

22.5% of GDP (Jan - Sep 2004 est.)

Labor force [time series]

36.43 million (November 2004 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 49%, industry 14%, services 37% (2000 est.)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

23.93 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

5.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

18.73 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

368.2 billion cu m (1 January 2003)

Oil - consumption [time series]

785,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

Oil - imports [time series]

Oil - production [time series]

225,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

600 million bbl (1 January 2003)

Population below poverty line [time series]

10% (2004 est.)

Public debt [time series]

47.6% of GDP (November 2004 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$48.3 billion (2004)

Unemployment rate [time series]

1.5% (November 2004 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 514,000 sq km land: 511,770 sq km water: 2,230 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming

Climate [time series]

tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid

Coastline [time series]

3,219 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,576 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates [time series]

15 00 N, 100 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore

Irrigated land [time series]

47,490 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,863 km border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 29.36% permanent crops: 6.46% other: 64.18% (2001)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma

Map references [time series]

Southeast Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards [time series]

land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts

Natural resources [time series]

tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land

Terrain [time series]

central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon

Capital [time series]

Bangkok

Constitution [time series]

new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand conventional short form: Thailand former: Siam

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Ralph L. BOYCE embassy: 120/22 Wireless Road, Bangkok mailing address: APO AP 96546 telephone: [66] (2) 205-4000 FAX: [66] (2) 254-2990, 205-4131 consulate(s) general: Chiang Mai

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: KASIT Piromya chancery: 1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 401, Washington, DC 20007-3681 telephone: [1] (202) 944-3600 FAX: [1] (202) 944-3611 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet (since 9 June 1946) head of government: Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat (since 9 February 2001) and Deputy Prime Ministers CHITCHAI Wannasathi (since 11 March 2005), PHINIT Charusombat (since 6 October 2004), SOMKHIT Chatusiphithak (since 11 March 2005), SURAKIAT Sathianthai (since 11 March 2005); SURIYA Chungrungruankit (since 3 August 2005), SUWAT Liptapanlop (since 3 August 2005), WISANU Kruangam (since 8 November 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers note: there is also a Privy Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister is designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following national elections for the House of Representatives, the leader of the party that can organize a majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the king

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red

Government type [time series]

constitutional monarchy

Independence [time series]

1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)

International organization participation [time series]

APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha consists of the Senate or Wuthisapha (200 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 4 March, 29 April, 4 June, 9 July, and 22 July 2000 (next to be held by March 2006); House of Representatives - last held 6 February 2005 (next to be held in February 2009) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TRT 376, DP 97, TNP 25, PP 2

National holiday [time series]

Birthday of King PHUMIPHON, 5 December (1927)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democrat Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [ABHISIT Wetchachiwa]; People's Party or PP (Mahachon Party) [ANEK Laothamatas]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BARNHARN SILPA-ARCHA]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Introduction

Background [time series]

A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US ally following the conflict. Thailand is currently facing armed violence in its three Muslim-majority southernmost provinces.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 21-49: 14.984 million (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 21-49: 10,342,337 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually [time series]

males: 530,493 (2005 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$1.775 billion (FY00)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

1.8% (2003)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

21 years of age for compulsory military service; males are registered at 18 years of age; conscript service obliation - 2 years; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2004)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 23.9% (male 7,988,529/female 7,633,405) 15-64 years: 68.6% (male 22,195,625/female 22,731,767) 65 years and over: 7.5% (male 2,251,112/female 2,643,933) (2005 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

15.7 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Death rate [time series]

7.02 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

1.5% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

58,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

570,000 (2003 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 20.48 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.83 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Languages [time series]

Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 71.95 years male: 69.65 years female: 74.37 years (2005 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.6% male: 94.9% female: 90.5% (2002)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and plague are high risks in some locations animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: leptospirosis (2004)

Median age [time series]

total: 30.88 years male: 30.11 years female: 31.66 years (2005 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Thai (singular and plural) adjective: Thai

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Population [time series]

65,444,371 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.87% (2005 est.)

Religions [time series]

Buddhist 94.6%, Muslim 4.6%, Christian 0.7%, other 0.1% (2000 census)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.88 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem terrorist activities; southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Laos and Thailand pledge to complete demarcation of their boundary in 2005; despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain with Burma over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers; Cambodia claims Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory and obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; ethnic Karens from Burma flee into Thailand to escape fighting between Karen rebels and Burmese troops resulting in Thailand sheltering about 118,000 Burmese refugees in 2004; Karens also protest Thai support for a Burmese hydroelectric dam construction on the Salween River near the border; environmentalists in Burma and Thailand remain concerned about China's construction of hydroelectric dams upstream on the Nujiang/Salween River in Yunnan Province

Illicit drugs [time series]

a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 118,407 (Burma) (2004)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

109 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 65 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 44 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 28 (2004 est.)

Heliports [time series]

3 (2004 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 57,403 km paved: 56,542 km unpaved: 861 km (2000 est.)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 386 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,038,597 GRT/3,104,712 DWT by type: bulk carrier 57, cargo 142, chemical tanker 12, combination ore/oil 1, container 21, liquefied gas 25, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 89, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 55 (Indonesia 1, Japan 3, Norway 45, Singapore 6) registered in other countries: 35 (2005)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 3,112 km; refined products 265 km (2004)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Prachuap Port, Si Racha

Railways [time series]

total: 4,071 km narrow gauge: 4,071 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)

Waterways [time series]

4,000 km note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2003)