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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 694 usable: 199 with permanent-surface runways: 111 with runways over 3,659 m: 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 81 with runways 1,060-2,439 m: 78 note: a C-130 can land on a 1,060-m airstrip

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 273,700 km paved and gravel: 236,400 km unpaved: earth 37,300 km

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

1,672 km perennially navigable (Pryp''yat' and Dnipro Rivers)

Merchant marine [time series]

390 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,932,009 GRT/5,236,134 DWT, barge carriers 7, bulk cargo 55, cargo 231, chemical tanker 2, container 18, liquefied gas 1, multi-function-large-load-carrier 1, oil tanker 10, passenger 12, passenger cargo 5, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 33, short-sea passenger 8

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 2,010 km; petroleum products 1,920 km; natural gas 7,800 km (1992)

Ports [time series]

coastal - Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Sevastopol', Pivdenne; inland - Kiev (Kyyiv)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

23,350 km (1,524-mm gauge); 8,600 km electrified

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

the telephone system is inadequate both for business and for personal use; about 7,886,000 telephone circuits serve 52,056,000 people (1991); telephone density is 151.4 telephone circuits per 1,000 persons (1991); 3.56 million applications for telephones had not been satisfied as of January 1991; calls to other CIS countries are carried by land line or microwave; other international calls to 167 countries are carried by satellite or by the 150 leased lines through the Moscow gateway switch; an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network operates in Kiev (Kyyiv) and allows direct dialing of international calls through Kiev's EWSD digital exchange; electronic mail services have been established in Kiev, Odessa, and Lugansk by Sprint; satellite earth stations employ INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and Intersputnik

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

544,256 million karbovantsi, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 12,191,984; fit for military service 9,591,276; reach military age (18) annually 364,676 (1994 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for about 25% of GDP; grain, vegetables, meat, milk, sugar beets

Budget [time series]

revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Ukraine withdrew the Russian ruble from circulation on 12 November 1992 and declared the karbovanets (plural karbovantsi) sole legal tender in Ukrainian markets; Ukrainian officials claim this is an interim move toward introducing a new currency - the hryvnya - possibly in mid-1994

Economic aid [time series]

$350 million economic aid and $350 million to help disassemble the atomic weapons from the US in 1994

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 55,882,000 kW production: 281 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,410 kWh (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

Exports [time series]

$3 billion to countries outside of the FSU (1993) commodities: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat partners: FSU countries, Germany, China, Austria

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$NA

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs to Western Europe

Imports [time series]

$2.2 billion from outside of the FSU countries (1993) commodities: machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles partners: FSU countries, Germany, China, Austria

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -14% (1993); accounts for 50% of GDP

Industries [time series]

coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing (especially sugar)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

45% per month (1993)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $205.4 billion (1993 estimate from the UN International Comparison Program, as extended to 1991 and published in the World Bank's World Development Report 1993; and as extrapolated to 1993 using official Ukrainian statistics, which are very uncertain because of major economic changes since 1990)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$3,960 (1993 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

-16% (1993 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union producing more than three times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. In 1992 the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatizing state enterprises while retaining many central economic controls and continuing subsidies to state production enterprises. In November 1992 the new Prime Minister KUCHMA launched a new economic reform program promising more freedom to the agricultural sector, faster privatization of small and medium enterprises, and stricter control over state subsidies. In 1993, however, severe internal political disputes over the scope and pace of economic reform and payment arrears on energy imports have led to further declines in output, and inflation of 50% or more per month by the last quarter. In first quarter 1994, national income and industrial output were less than two-thirds the first quarter 1993 figures, according to official statistics. At the same time an increasing number of people are developing small private businesses and exploiting opportunities in non-official markets. Even so, the magnitude of the problems and the slow pace in building new market-oriented institutions preclude a near-term recovery of output to the 1990 level. A vital economic concern in 1994 will continue to be Russia's decisions on the prices and quantities of oil and gas to be shipped to the Ukraine.

Unemployment rate [time series]

0.4% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 603,700 sq km land area: 603,700 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas

Climate [time series]

temperate continental; subtropical only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

Coastline [time series]

2,782 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: unsafe drinking water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur, Antarctic Treaty, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

potential future border disputes with Moldova and Romania in Northern Bukovina and southern Odes'ka Oblast'; potential dispute with Moldova over former southern Bessarabian area; potential dispute with Russia over Crimea; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nation

Irrigated land [time series]

26,000 sq km (1990)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 4,558 km, Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 56% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 12% forest and woodland: 0% other: 30%

Location [time series]

Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia

Map references [time series]

Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - European States, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber

Note [time series]

strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest country in Europe

Terrain [time series]

most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

24 oblasti (singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya respublika), and 2 municipalites (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy), Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv), Chernivets'ka (Chernitsi), Dnipropetrovs'ka (Dnipropetrovs'k), Donets'ka (Donets'k), Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k), Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv), Khersons'ka (Kherson), Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy), Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad), Kyyiv**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev), Luhans'ka (Luhans'k), L'vivs'ka (L'viv), Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv), Odes'ka (Odesa), Poltavs'ka (Poltava), Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Rivnens'ka (Rivne), Sevastopol'**,Sums'ka (Sevastopol'), Ternopil's'ka (Ternopil'), Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya), Volyns'ka (Luts'k), Zakarpats'ka (Uzhhorod), Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr) note: names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblast' name

Capital [time series]

Kiev (Kyyiv)

Constitution [time series]

using 1978 pre-independence constitution; new constitution currently being drafted

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Oleh Hryhorovych BILORUS chancery: 3350 M Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 333-0606

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President-elect Leonid D. KUCHMA; election last held 26 June and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - Leonid KUCHMA 52.15%, Leonid KRAVCHUK 45.06% head of government: Prime Minister (vacant); Acting First Deputy Prime Minister (and Acting Prime Minister since September 1993) Yukhym Leonidovych ZVYAHIL'SKYY (since 11 June 1993) and five deputy prime ministers cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

(202) 333-0817 consulate(s) general: Chicago and New York

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[7] (044) 244-7350

Flag [time series]

two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky

Independence [time series]

1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Judicial branch [time series]

being organized

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

BSEC, CBSS (observer), CCC, CE (guest), CEI (participating), CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NACC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ukraine local long form: none local short form: Ukrayina former: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 24 August (1991)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

New Ukraine (Nova Ukrayina); Congress of National Democratic Forces

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Green Party of Ukraine, Vitaliy KONONOV, leader; Liberal Party of Ukraine, Ihor MERKULOV, chairman; Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr KLYMCHUK, chairman; Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych YAVORIVSKIY, chairman; People's Party of Ukraine, Leopol'd TABURYANSKYY, chairman; Peasants' Party of Ukraine, Serhiy DOVGRAN', chairman; Party of Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine, Volodymyr FILENKO, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Ukraine, Yuriy ZBITNEV, chairman; Socialist Party of Ukraine, Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman; Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party, Vitaliy ZHURAVSKYY, chairman; Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party, Stepan KHMARA, chairman; Ukrainian Labor Party, Valentyn LANDYK, chairman; Ukrainian Party of Justice, Mykhaylo HRECHKO, chairman; Ukrainian Peasants' Democratic Party, Serhiy PLACHINDA, chairman; Ukrainian Republican Party, Mykhaylo HORYN', chairman; Ukrainian National Conservative Party, Viktor RADIONOV, chairman; Ukrainian People's Movement for Restructuring (Rukh), Vyacheslav CHORNOUL, chairman; Ukrainian Communist Party, Petr SYMONENKO

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Legislative branch (Supreme Council) [time series]

elections last held 27 March 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (450 total) number of seats by party NA; note - 338 deputies were elected; the remaining 112 seats to be filled on 24 July 1994

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador William MILLER embassy: 10 Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252053 Kiev 53 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (044) 244-7349 or 244-7344

People

Birth rate [time series]

12.34 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate [time series]

12.6 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

20.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Labor force [time series]

23.985 million by occupation: industry and construction 33%, agriculture and forestry 21%, health, education, and culture 16%, trade and distribution 7%, transport and communication 7%, other 16% (1992)

Languages [time series]

Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 69.99 years male: 65.45 years female: 74.76 years (1994 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 9-49 can read and write (1979) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian

Net migration rate [time series]

0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Population [time series]

51,846,958 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.05% (1994 est.)

Religions [time series]

Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.82 children born/woman (1994 est.)