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Communications

Airports [time series]

Civil air [time series]

NA major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

273,700 km total (1990); 236,400 km hard surfaced, 37,300 km earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

NA km perennially navigable

Merchant marine [time series]

338 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,117,595 GRT/5,403,685 DWT; includes 221 cargo, 11 container, 9 barge carriers, 59 bulk cargo, 9 petroleum tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 24 passenger

Pipelines [time series]

Ports [time series]

maritime - Berdyansk, Il'ichevsk Kerch', Kherson, Mariupol' (formerly Zhdanov), Nikolayev, Odessa, Sevastopol', Yuzhnoye; inland - Kiev

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

22,800 km all 1.500-meter gauge; does not include industrial lines (1990)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

inheriting part of the former USSR system, Ukraine has about 7 million telephone lines (13.5 telephones for each 100 persons); as of 31 January 1990, 3.56 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied; international calls can be made via satellite, by landline to other CIS countries, and through the Moscow international switching center; satellite earth stations employ INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and Intersputnik

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard; CIS Forces (Ground Navy, Air, and Defense)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, NA; NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

grain, vegetables, meat, milk

Budget [time series]

not finalized as of May 1992

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

as of August 1992 using ruble and Ukrainian coupons as legal tender; Ukraine plans to withdraw the ruble from circulation and convert to a coupon-based economy on 1 October 1992; Ukrainian officials claim this will be an interim move toward introducing a Ukrainian currency - the hryvnya - possibly as early as January 1993

Economic aid [time series]

$NA

Electricity [time series]

NA kW capacity; 298,000 million kWh produced, 5,758 kWh per capita (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

Exports [time series]

$13.5 billion (1990) commodities: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat partners: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$10.4 billion (end of 1991 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate -10% (1991 est.)

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for domestic consumption; status of government eradication programs unknown; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs to Western Europe

Imports [time series]

$16.7 billion (1990) commodities: machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles partners: none *** No entry for this item ***

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -4.5% (1991)

Industries [time series]

coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

83% (1991 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Because of its size, geographic location, Slavic population, and rich resources, the loss of Ukraine was the final and most bitter blow to the Soviet leaders wishing to preserve some semblance of the old political, military, and economic power of the USSR. After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union producing more than three times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its well-developed and diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the USSR. In early 1992 the continued wholesale disruption of economic ties and the lack of an institutional structure necessary to formulate and implement economic reforms preclude a near-term recovery of output.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Climate [time series]

temperate continental; subtropical only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

Coastline [time series]

2,782 km

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than Texas

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

potential border disputes with Moldova and Romania in northern Bukovina and southern Odessa oblast

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

air and water pollution, deforestation, radiation contamination around Chernobyl nuclear plant

Area (Land area) [time series]

603,700 km2

Land boundaries [time series]

4,558 km total; Belarus 891 km, Czechoslovakia 90 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km

Land use [time series]

56% arable land; 2% permanent crops; 12% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; 30% other; includes 3% irrigated

Maritime claims [time series]

Contiguous zone: NA nm Continental shelf: NA meter depth Exclusive fishing zone: NA nm Exclusive economic zone: NA nm Territorial sea: NA nm

Natural resources [time series]

iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber

Note [time series]

strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest country in Europe

Terrain [time series]

most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean peninsula in the extreme south

Area (Total area) [time series]

603,700 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

24 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya respublika); Chernigov, Cherkassy, Chernovtsy, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Ivano-Frankovsk, Khar'kov, Kherson, Khmel'nitskiy, Kiev, Kirovograd, Krym (Simferopol')*, Lugansk, L'vov, Nikolayev, Odessa, Poltava, Rovno, Sumy, Ternopol', Vinnitsa, Volyn' (Lutsk), Zakarpat (Uzhgorod), Zaporozh'ye, Zhitomir; note - an oblast usually has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital [time series]

Kiev (Kyyiv)

Political parties (Communists) [time series]

Communist Party of Ukraine was banned by decree of the Supreme Council on 30 August 1991

Constitution [time series]

currently being drafted

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Oleh H. BILORUS; Embassy at 1828 L Street, NW, Suite 711, Washington, DC 20036; telephone (202) 296-6960 US: Ambassador Roman POPADIUK; Embassy at ;10 Vul. Yuriy Kotsubinskoho, Kiev (mailing address is APO AE 09862); telephone (044) 244-7349; FAX (044) 244-7350

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Leonid KRAVCHUK 61.59%, Vyacheslav CHERNOVIL 23.27%, Levko LUKYANENKO 4.49%, Volodymyr GRINEV 4.17%, Iher YUKHNOVSKY 1.74%, Leopold TABURYANSKIY 0.57% Supreme Council: last held 4 March 1990 (next scheduled for 1995, may be held earlier in late 1992 or 1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (NA total) number of seats by party NA

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister

Flag [time series]

two horizontal bars of equal size: azure (sky blue) top half, golden yellow bottom half (represents grainfields under a blue sky)

Independence [time series]

24 August 1991; 1 December 1991 de facto from USSR; note - formerly the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union

Judicial branch [time series]

being organized

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Leonid M. KRAVCHUK (since 5 December 1991) Head of Government: Prime Minister Vitol'd FOKIN (since 14 November 1991); two First Deputy Prime Ministers: Valentyn SYMONENKO and Konstantyn MASYK (since 21 May 1991); two Deputy Prime Ministers: Oleh SLEPICHEV and Viktor SYTNYK (since 21 May 1991)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Supreme Council

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

none

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CIS, CSCE, CE, ECE, IAEA, IMF, INMARSAT, IOC, ITU, NACC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 24 August (1991)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Ukraninan People's Movement for Restructuring (RUKH)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Ukrainian Republican Party, Levko LUKYANENKO, chairman; Green Party, Yuriy SHCHERBAK, chairman; Social Democratic Party, Andriy NOSENKO, chairman; Ukrainian Democratic Party, Yuriy BADZO, chairman; Democratic Rebirth Party, Oleksandr Volodymyr GRINEV, Oleksandr FILENKO, YEMETS, Miroslav POPOVICH, Sergei LYLYK, Oleksandr BAZYLYUK, Valeriy KHMELKO, leaders; People's Party of Ukraine, Leopold TABURYANSKIY, chairman; Peasant Democratic Party, Jerhiy PLACHYNDA, chairman; Ukrainian Socialist Party, Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

People

Birth rate [time series]

14 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

12 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

22 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Labor force [time series]

25,277,000; industry and construction 41%, agriculture and forestry 19%, health, education, and culture 18%, trade and distribution 8%, transport and communication 7%, other 7% (1990)

Languages [time series]

Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

65 years male, 75 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun - Ukrainian(s); adjective - Ukrainian

Net migration rate [time series]

1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)

Organized labor [time series]

Population [time series]

51,940,426 (July 1992), growth rate 0.2% (1992)

Religions [time series]

Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.0 children born/woman (1992)