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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 694 useable: 100 with permanent-surface runways: 111 with runways over 3,659 m: 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 81 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 78

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

273,700 km total (1990); 236,400 km hard surfaced, 37,300 km earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

1,672 km perennially navigable (Pripyat and Dnipro River)

Merchant marine [time series]

394 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,952,328 GRT/5,262,161 DWT; includes 234 cargo, 18 container, 7 barge carriers, 55 bulk cargo, 10 oil tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 12 passenger, 5 passenger cargo, 9 short-sea passenger, 33 roll-on/roll-off, 2 railcar carrier, 1 multi-function-large-load-carrier, 5 refrigerated cargo

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 2,010 km, petroleum products 1,920 km, natural gas 7,800 km (1992)

Ports [time series]

coastal - Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol' (formerly Zhdanov), Mykolayiv, Odesa, Sevastopol', Pirdenne; inland - Kiev (Kyyiv)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

22,800 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

international electronic mail system established in Kiev; Ukraine has about 7 million telephone lines (135 telephones for each 1000 persons); as of mid-1992, 650 telephone lines per 1000 persons in Kiev with 15-20 digital switches as of mid-1991; NMT-450 analog cellular network under construction in Kiev; 3.56 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied as of January 1990; international calls can be made via satellite, by landline to other CIS countries, and through the Moscow international switching center on 150 international lines; satellite earth stations employ INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and Intersputnik; fiber optic cable installation (intercity) remains incomplete; new international digital telephone exchange operational in Kiev for direct communication with 167 countries

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Airspace Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

544,256 million karbovantsi, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 12,070,775; fit for military service 9,521,697; reach military age (18) annually 365,534 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

grain, vegetables, meat, milk, sugar beets

Budget [time series]

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Ukraine withdrew the Russian ruble from circulation on 12 November 1992 and declared the karbovanets (plural karbovantsi) sole legal tender in Ukrainian markets; Ukrainian officials claim this is an interim move toward introducing a new currency - the hryvnya - possibly in late 1993

Economic aid [time series]

$NA

Electricity [time series]

55,882,000 kW capacity; 281,000 million kWh produced, 5,410 kWh per capita (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

Ukrainian karbovantsi per $US1 - 3,000 (1 April 1993)

Exports [time series]

$13.5 billion to outside of the successor states of the former USSR (1990) commodities: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat partners: NA

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$12 billion (1992 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs to Western Europe

Imports [time series]

$16.7 billion from outside of the successor states of the former USSR (1990) commodities: machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles partners: NA

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -9% (1992)

Industries [time series]

coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing (especially sugar)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

20%-30% per month (first quarter 1993)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP $NA

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$NA

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

-13% (1992 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union producing more than three times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its well-developed and diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. In 1992 the Ukrainian government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatizing state enterprises while retaining many central economic controls and continuing subsidies to state production enterprises. In November 1992 the new Prime Minister KUCHMA launched a new economic reform program promising more freedom to the agricultural sector, faster privatization of small and medium enterprises, and stricter control over state subsidies. Even so, the magnitude of the problems and the slow pace in building new market-oriented institutions preclude a near-term recovery of output to the 1990 level.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 603,700 km2 land area: 603,700 km2 comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas

Climate [time series]

temperate continental; subtropical only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

Coastline [time series]

2,782 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

air and water pollution, deforestation, radiation contamination around Chornobyl' nuclear power plant

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

potential border disputes with Moldova and Romania in northern Bukovina and southern Odes'ka Oblast'; potential dispute with Moldova over former southern Bessarabian areas; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nation

Irrigated land [time series]

26,000 km2 (1990)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 4,558 km, Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 56% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 12% forest and woodland: 0% other: 30%

Location [time series]

Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia

Map references [time series]

Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - European States, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber

Note [time series]

strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest country in Europe

Terrain [time series]

most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

24 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya, respublika), and 2 Ivano-Frankivs'ka, Kharkivs'ka, Khersons'ka, Khmel'nyts'ka, Kirovohrads'ka, Kyyiv (Kiev)**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev), Luhans'ka, L'vivs'ka, Mykolayivs'ka,, Odes'ka, Poltavs'ka,

Capital [time series]

Kiev (Kyyiv)

Constitution [time series]

using 1978 pre-independence constitution; new consitution currently being drafted

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Oleh Hryhorovych BILORUS chancery: 3350 M Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 333-0606 FAX: (202) 333-0817

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Leonid KRAVCHUK 61.59%, Vyacheslav CHERNOVIL 23.27%, Levko LUKYANENKO 4.49%, Volodymyr HRYNYOV 4.17%, Iher YUKHNOVSKY 1.74%, Leopold TABURYANSKYY 0.57%, other 4.17% Supreme Council: last held 4 March 1990 (next scheduled for 1995, may be held earlier in late 1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (450 total) number of seats by party NA

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister, cabinet

Flag [time series]

two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky

Independence [time series]

1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Judicial branch [time series]

being organized

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Leonid Makarovych KRAVCHUK (since 5 December 1991) Head of Government: Prime Minister Leonid Danilovych KUCHMA (since 13 October 1992); Acting First Deputy Prime Minister Yukhym Leonidovych ZVYAHIL'SKYY (since 11 June 1993) and five deputy prime ministers

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Supreme Council

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

BSEC, CBSS (observer), CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ILO, IMF, INMARSAT, IOC, ITU, NACC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ukraine local long form: none local short form: Ukrayina former: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 24 August (1991)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Ukrainian People's Movement for Restructuring (Rukh); New Ukraine (Nova Ukrayina); Congress of National Democratic Forces

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Green Party of Ukraine, Vitaliy KONONOV, leader; Liberal Party of Ukraine, Ihor MERKULOV, chairman; Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr KLYMCHUK, chairman; Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych YAVORIVSKIY, chairman; People's Party of Ukraine, Leopol'd TABURYANSKYY, chairman; Peasants' Party of Ukraine, Serhiy DOVGRAN', chairman; Party of Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine, Volodymyr FILENKO, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Ukraine, Yuriy ZBITNEV, chairman; Socialist Party of Ukraine, Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman; Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party, Vitaliy ZHURAVSKYY, chairman; Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party, Stepan KHMARA, chairman; Ukrainian Labor Party, Valentyn LANDIK, chairman; Ukrainian Party of Justice, Mykhaylo HRECHKO, chairman; Ukrainian Peasants' Democratic Party, Serhiy PLACHINDA, chairman; Ukrainian Republican Party, Mykhaylo HORYN', chairman; Ukrainian National Conservative Party, Viktor RADIONOV, chairman

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Roman POPADIUK embassy: 10 Vul. Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252053 Kiev 53 mailing address: APO AE 09862 telephone: [7] (044) 244-7349 FAX: [7] (044) 244-7350

People

Birth rate [time series]

12.38 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

12.53 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

21 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

25.277 million by occupation: industry and construction 41%, agriculture and forestry 19%, health, education, and culture 18%, trade and distribution 8%, transport and communication 7%, other 7% (1990)

Languages [time series]

Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 69.87 years male: 65.32 years female: 74.65 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 9-49 can read and write (1970) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian

Net migration rate [time series]

0.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

51,821,230 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.06% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.82 children born/woman (1993 est.)