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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 110 usable: 104 with permanent-surface runways: 75 with runways over 3,659 m: 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 43

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 110,677 km paved: 58,677 km unpaved: gravel 23,000 km; improved earth 29,000 km (1988)

Merchant marine [time series]

30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 352,189 GRT/532,782 DWT, bulk 1, cargo 25, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 3

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)

Ports [time series]

Gwadar, Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

8,773 km total; 7,718 km broad gauge, 445 km 1-meter gauge, and 610 km less than 1-meter gauge; 1,037 km broad-gauge double track; 286 km electrified; all government owned (1985)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

the domestic telephone system is poor, adequate only for government and business use; about 7 telephones per 1,000 persons; the system for international traffic is better and employs both microwave radio relay and satellites; satellite ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; broadcast stations - 19 AM, 8 FM, 29 TV

Defense Forces

Affiliation [time series]

(territory of the US)

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard, paramilitary/security forces

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $3.0 billion, 5.7% of GNP (FY93/94)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 29,548,746; fit for military service 18,134,013; reach military age (17) annually 1,391,258 (1994 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

22% of GDP, over 50% of labor force; world's largest contiguous irrigation system; major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; livestock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs; self-sufficient in food grain

Budget [time series]

revenues: $9.4 billion expenditures: $10.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (1993 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $91 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $2.3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $3.2 billion note: including Bangladesh prior to 1972

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 10,000,000 kW production: 43 billion kWh consumption per capita: 350 kWh (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 30.214 (January 1994), 28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990), 20.541 (1989)

Exports [time series]

$6.8 billion (f.o.b., FY92) commodities: cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets partners: US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$24 billion (1993 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

Illicit drugs [time series]

major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade; despite some success in reducing cultivation, remains world's fourth largest opium producer (140 metric tons in 1993)

Imports [time series]

$9.1 billion (f.o.b., FY92) commodities: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals partners: Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 7.3% (FY92); accounts for 23% of GDP

Industries [time series]

textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

12.7% (FY91)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $239 billion (1993 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$1,900 (1993 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

3% (FY93 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Pakistan is a poor Third World country faced with the usual problems of rapidly increasing population, sizable government deficits, and heavy dependence on foreign aid. In addition, the economy must support a large military establishment. Rapid economic growth, averaging 5%-6% over the past decade has helped Pakistan cope with these problems. However, growth slumped to 3% in FY93 because of severe flooding, which damaged the key export crop, cotton. Almost all agriculture and small-scale industry is in private hands. In 1990, Pakistan embarked on a sweeping economic liberalization program to boost foreign and domestic private investment and lower foreign aid dependence. The SHARIF government denationalized several state-owned firms and attracted some foreign investment. Pakistan likely will have difficulty raising living standards because of its rapidly expanding population. At the current rate of growth, population would double in 25 years.

Unemployment rate [time series]

10% (FY91 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 803,940 sq km land area: 778,720 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California

Climate [time series]

mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

Coastline [time series]

1,046 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: water pollution from untreated sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; water scarcity; a majority of the population does not have access to safe drinking water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with upstream riparian India

Irrigated land [time series]

162,200 sq km (1989)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 26% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 4% other: 64%

Location [time series]

Southern Asia, along the Arabian Sea, between India and Afghanistan

Map references [time series]

Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or the edge of continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

Note [time series]

controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

Terrain [time series]

flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas

Capital [time series]

Islamabad

Constitution [time series]

10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977 restored with amendments, 30 December 1985

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Maleeha LODHI chancery: 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-6205

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI election last held on 13 November 1993 (next to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies head of government: Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO cabinet: Cabinet

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

(202) 387-0484 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[92] (51) 214222 consulate(s) general: Karachi, Lahore consulate(s): Peshawar

Flag [time series]

green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Independence [time series]

14 August 1947 (from UK)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court

Legal system [time series]

based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOSOM, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan conventional short form: Pakistan former: West Pakistan

Legislative branch (National Assembly) [time series]

elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October 1998); results - seats (217 total); Pakistan People's Party (PPP) 92; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N) 75; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J) 6; Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Front) 4; Awami National Party (ANP) 3; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP) 4; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF) 3; Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP) 2; Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM) 2; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H) 1; Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M) 1; National Democratic Alliance (NDA) 1; National People's Party (NPP) 1; Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP) 1; Religious minorities 10 reserved seats; independents, 9; results pending, 2

National holiday [time series]

Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

government: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance (NDA), Maulana Kausar NIAZI; Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan; Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTI opposition: Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF; Awami National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI KHAN; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF), Qazi Hussain AHMED; Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A); Jamaat-i-Islami (JI); Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH) frequently shifting: Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP); Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Party), the IJM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F); Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction (JUP/NO); Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S); Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group (PML/F); Pakistan National Party (PNP) note: most Pakistani political groups are motivated primarily by opportunism and political alliances can shift frequently

Legislative branch (Senate) [time series]

elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1997); results - seats (87 total) Pakistan People's Party (PPP) 22, Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N) 17; Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, Awami National Party (ANP) 6, Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J) 5, Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP) 5, Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A) 5, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F) 2, Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP) 2, Jamaat-i-Islami (JI) 2, National People's Party (NPP) 2, Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H) 1, Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M) 1, Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) 1, Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction (JUP/NO) 1, Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH) 1, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S) 1, Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group (PML/F) 1, Pakistan National Party (PNP) 1, independents 2, vacant 1

Suffrage [time series]

21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador John MONJO embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad mailing address: P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Unit 6220,Islamabad or APO AE 09812-2000 telephone: [92] (51) 826161 through 79

People

Birth rate [time series]

42.22 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate [time series]

12.38 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendents)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

101.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Labor force [time series]

28.9 million by occupation: agriculture 54%, mining and manufacturing 13%, services 33%, extensive export of labor (1987 est.)

Languages [time series]

Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%, Balochi and other 9%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 57.41 years male: 56.79 years female: 58.06 years (1994 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 35% male: 47% female: 21%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Pakistani(s) adjective: Pakistani

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Population [time series]

128,855,965 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.86% (1994 est.)

Religions [time series]

Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.43 children born/woman (1994 est.)