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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 111 usable: 104 with permanent-surface runways: 75 with runways over 3,659 m: 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 31 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 42

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

101,315 km total (1987); 40,155 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 29,000 km improved earth, and 9,160 km unimproved earth or sand tracks (1985)

Merchant marine [time series]

29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 350,916 GRT/530,855 DWT; includes 3 passenger-cargo, 24 cargo, 1 oil tanker, 1 bulk

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,044 km; petroleum products 885 km (1987)

Ports [time series]

Gwadar, Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

8,773 km total; 7,718 km broad gauge, 445 km 1-meter gauge, and 610 km less than 1-meter gauge; 1,037 km broad-gauge double track; 286 km electrified; all government owned (1985)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

the domestic telephone system is poor, adequate only for government and business use; about 7 telephones per 1,000 persons; the system for international traffic is better and employs both microwave radio relay and satellites; satellite ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; broadcast stations - 19 AM, 8 FM, 29 TV

Defense Forces

Affiliation [time series]

(territory of the US)

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 6% of GNP (FY91/92)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 28,657,084; fit for military service 17,585,542; reach military age (17) annually 1,337,352 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

25% of GNP, over 50% of labor force; world's largest contiguous irrigation system; major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; livestock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs; self-sufficient in food grain

Budget [time series]

revenues $9.4 billion; expenditures $10.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (FY93 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa

Economic aid [time series]

(including Bangladesh prior to 1972) US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $9.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $2.3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $3.2 billion

Electricity [time series]

10,000,000 kW capacity; 43,000 million kWh produced, 350 kWh per capita (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 25.904 (January 1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990), 20.541 (1989), 18.003 (1988)

Exports [time series]

$6.8 billion (f.o.b., FY92) commodities: cotton, textiles, clothing, rice partners: EC 35%, US 11%, Japan 8% (FY91)

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$16.5 billion (1992 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade; government eradication efforts on poppy cultivation of limited success; largest producer of Southwest Asian heroin

Imports [time series]

$9.1 billion (f.o.b., FY92) commodities: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation, equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals partners: EC 29%, Japan 13%, US 12% (FY91)

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 5.7% (FY91); accounts for almost 20% of GNP

Industries [time series]

textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

12.7% (FY91)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GNP - exchange rate conversion - $48.3 billion (FY92 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$410 (FY92 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

6.4% (FY92 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Pakistan is a poor Third World country faced with the usual problems of rapidly increasing population, sizable government deficits, and heavy dependence on foreign aid. In addition, the economy must support a large military establishment. A real economic growth rate averaging 5-6% in recent years has helped the country to cope with these problems. Almost all agriculture and small-scale industry is in private hands. In 1990, Pakistan embarked on a sweeping economic liberalization program to boost foreign and domestic private investment and lower foreign aid dependence. The SHARIF government denationalized several state-owned firms and attracted some foreign investment. Pakistan likely will have difficulty raising living standards because of its rapidly expanding population. At the current rate of growth, population would double in 25 years.

Unemployment rate [time series]

10% (FY91 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 803,940 km2 land area: 778,720 km2 comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California

Climate [time series]

mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

Coastline [time series]

1,046 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August); deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water logging

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with upstream riparian India

Irrigated land [time series]

162,200 km2 (1989)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 26% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 4% other: 64%

Location [time series]

South Asia, along the Arabian Sea, between India and Afghanistan

Map references [time series]

Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or the edge of continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

Note [time series]

controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

Terrain [time series]

flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally, Administered note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas

Capital [time series]

Islamabad

Constitution [time series]

10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments, 30 December 1985

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: (vacant) chancery: 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-6200 consulate general: New York

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held on 12 December 1988 (next to be held by NA November 1993); results - Ghulam ISHAQ KHAN was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies Senate: last held March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1994); seats - (87 total) PML 52, Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, PPP 5, ANP 5, JWP 4, MQM 3, PNP 2 (name later chaged to NPP), JI 2, JUP 2, JUI 2, PKMAP 1, independent 1 National Assembly: last held on 24 October 1990 (next to be held by October 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) number of seats by party NA; note - President GHULAM ISHAQ Khan dismissed the National Assembly on 18 April 1993; it was reestablished, however, on 26 May 1993 by the Supreme Court, which ruled the dismissal order unconstitutional

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister, Cabinet

Flag [time series]

green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Independence [time series]

14 August 1947 (from UK)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Ghulam ISHAQ KHAN (since 13 December 1988) Head of Government: Prime Minister Mian Nawaz SHARIF (since 6 November 1990); note - President GHULAM ISHAQ Khan dismissed Prime Minister SHARIF on 18 April 1993, but he was reinstated by the Supreme Court on 26 May 1993

Legal system [time series]

based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or National Assembly

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOSOM, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan conventional short form: Pakistan former: West Pakistan

National holiday [time series]

Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

government: Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), Mian Nawaz SHARIF; Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Mohammad Akbar Khan BUGTI; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Fazl-ur-REHMAN and Sami-ul-HAQ; Awami National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI KHAN; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan-Niazi, Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan NIAZI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI opposition: Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO and Nusrat BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League-Chattha (PML-C), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Qazi Hussain AHMED; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI (formerly the PNP); Tehrik-i-Istiqlal (TI), Air Marshal (Ret.) Mohammad ASGHAR KHAN; Tehrik-i-Nifaz-i-Fiqah-i-Jafaria (TNFJ), Agha Hamid Ali MUSAVI; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan-Noorani (JUP-Noorani), Maulana Shah Ahmed NOORANI; Mohajir Quami Mahaz-Haqiqi (MQM-H), Afaq AHMED

Suffrage [time series]

21 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador John MONJO embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad mailing address: P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Islamabad or APO AE 09812-2000 telephone: [92] (51) 826161 through 79 FAX: [92] (51) 822004 consulates general: Karachi, Lahore consulate: Peshawar

People

Birth rate [time series]

42.59 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

12.6 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendents)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

103.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

28.9 million by occupation: agriculture 54%, mining and manufacturing 13%, services 33%, extensive export of labor (1987 est.)

Languages [time series]

Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries, but official policies are promoting its gradual replacement by Urdu), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%, Balochi and other 9%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 57.11 years male: 56.54 years female: 57.72 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 35% male: 47% female: 21%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Pakistani(s) adjective: Pakistani

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

125,213,732 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.87% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.5 children born/woman (1993 est.)