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Communications

Airports [time series]

121 total, 108 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air [time series]

69 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

417 km

Merchant marine [time series]

317 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,367,063 GRT/7,921,891 DWT; includes 13 short-sea passenger, 94 cargo, 21 refrigerated cargo, 38 container, 39 roll-on/roll-off, 1 railcar carrier, 42 petroleum tanker, 14 chemical tanker, 33 liquefied gas, 4 livestock carrier, 17 bulk, 1 combination bulk; note - Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish International Ship register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the Danish register; by the end of 1990, 258 of the Danish-flag ships belonged to the DIS

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km

Ports [time series]

Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia; numerous secondary and minor ports

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

2,675 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,120 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry services); 188 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of standard- gauge lines are privately owned and operated

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 4,509,000 telephones; buried and submarine cables and radio relay support trunk network; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 2 FM, 50 TV; 19 submarine coaxial cables; 7 earth stations operating in INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, and INMARSAT

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $2.5 billion, 2% of GDP (1991)

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 1,372,878; 1,181,857 fit for military service; 38,221 reach military age (20) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for 4.5% of GDP and employs 6% of labor force (includes fishing and forestry); farm products account for nearly 15% of export revenues; principal products - meat, dairy, grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets, fish; self-sufficient in food production

Budget [time series]

revenues $44.1 billion; expenditures $50 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA billion (1991 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Danish krone (plural - kroner); 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 re

Economic aid [time series]

donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89) $5.9 billion

Electricity [time series]

11,215,000 kW capacity; 31,000 million kWh produced, 6,030 kWh per capita (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.116 (January 1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987)

Exports [time series]

$37.8 billion (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment (shipbuilding), fish, chemicals, industrial machinery partners: EC 54.2% (Germany 22.5%, UK 10.3%, France 5.9%), Sweden 11.5%, Norway 5.8%, US 5.0%, Japan 3.6% (1991)

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$45 billion (1991)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power equivalent - $91.1 billion, per capita $17,700; real growth rate 2.0% (1991)

Imports [time series]

$31.6 billion (c.i.f., 1991) commodities: petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, textiles, paper partners: EC 52.8% (Germany 22.5%, UK 8.1%), Sweden 10.8%, US 6.3% (1991)

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 0% (1991 est.)

Industries [time series]

food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.4% (1991)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

This modern economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark probably will continue its successful economic recovery in 1992 with tight fiscal and monetary policies and export- oriented growth. Prime Minister Schluter's main priorities are to maintain a current account surplus in order to pay off extensive external debt and to continue to freeze public-sector expenditures in order to reduce the budget deficit. The rate of growth by 1993 - boosted by increased investment and domestic demand - may be sufficient to start to cut Denmark's high unemployment rate, which is expected to remain at about 11% in 1992. Low inflation, low wage increases, and the current account surplus put Denmark in a good competitive position for the EC's anticipated single market, although Denmark must cut its VAT and income taxes.

Unemployment rate [time series]

10.6% (1991)

Geography

Climate [time series]

temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers

Coastline [time series]

3,379 km

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly more than twice the size of Massachusetts

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); Denmark has challenged Norway's maritime claims between Greenland and Jan Mayen

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

air and water pollution

Area (Land area) [time series]

42,370 km2; includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland

Land boundaries [time series]

68 km; Germany 68 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 61%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 6%; forest and woodland 12%; other 21%; includes irrigated 9%

Maritime claims [time series]

Contiguous zone: 4 nm Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 3 nm

Natural resources [time series]

crude oil, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone

Note [time series]

controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

Terrain [time series]

low and flat to gently rolling plains

Area (Total area) [time series]

43,070 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 1 city* (stad); Arhus, Bornholm, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kbenhavn, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkbing, Roskilde, Snderjylland, Staden Kbenhavn*, Storstrm, Vejle, Vestsjaelland, Viborg; note - see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Danish realm and self-governing administrative divisions

Capital [time series]

Copenhagen

Constitution [time series]

5 June 1953

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Peter Pedersen DYVIG; Chancery at 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008; telephone (202) 234-4300; there are Danish Consulates General in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York US: Ambassador Richard B. STONE; Embassy at Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen O (mailing address is APO AE 09716); telephone [45] (31) 42-31-44; FAX [45] (35) 43-0223

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

Parliament: last held 12 December 1990 (next to be held by December 1994); results - Social Democratic Party 37.4%, Conservative Party 16.0%, Liberal 15.8%, Socialist People's Party 8.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Center Democratic Party 5.1%, Radical Liberal Party 3.5%, Christian People's Party 2.3%, other 5.2%; seats - (179 total; includes 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands) Social Democratic 69, Conservative 30, Liberal 29, Socialist People's 15, Progress Party 12, Center Democratic 9, Radical Liberal 7, Christian People's 4

Executive branch [time series]

monarch, heir apparent, prime minister, Cabinet

Flag [time series]

red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

Independence [time series]

became a constitutional monarchy in 1849

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: Queen MARGRETHE II (since January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26 May 1968) Head of Government: Prime Minister Poul SCHLUTER (since 10 September 1982)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral parliament (Folketing)

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Kingdom of Denmark

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G-9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WM, ZC

National holiday [time series]

Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Social Democratic Party, Paul Nyrup RASMUSSEN; Conservative Party, Poul SCHLUTER; Liberal Party, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN; Socialist People's Party, Holger K. NIELSEN; Progress Party, Pia KJAERSGAARD; Center Democratic Party, Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN; Radical Liberal Party, Marianne JELVED; Christian People's Party, Jam SJURSEN; Left Socialist Party, Elizabeth BRUN-OLESEN; Justice Party, Poul Gerhard KRISTIANSEN; Socialist Workers Party, leader NA; Communist Workers' Party (KAP), leader NA; Common Course, Preben Meller HANSEN; Green Party, Inger BORLEHMANN

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 21

Government type (Type) [time series]

constitutional monarchy

People

Birth rate [time series]

13 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

12 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German

Infant mortality rate [time series]

7 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Labor force [time series]

2,581,400; private services 36.4%; government services 30.2%; manufacturing and mining 20%; construction 6.8%; agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.9%; electricity/gas/water 0.7% (1990)

Languages [time series]

Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect); small German-speaking minority

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

72 years male, 78 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun - Dane(s); adjective - Danish

Net migration rate [time series]

1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)

Organized labor [time series]

65% of labor force

Population [time series]

5,163,955 (July 1992), growth rate 0.2% (1992)

Religions [time series]

Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 2%, other 7% (1988)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.7 children born/woman (1992)