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Communications

Airports [time series]

129 total, 112 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air [time series]

69 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

417 km

Merchant marine [time series]

281 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,888,064 GRT/7,131,949 DWT; includes 13 short-sea passenger, 85 cargo, 15 refrigerated cargo, 35 container, 40 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 railcar carrier, 37 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 14 chemical tanker, 22 liquefied gas, 4 livestock carrier, 14 bulk, 1 combination bulk; note--Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish International Ship Register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the Danish register; by the end of 1990, 258 of the Danish-flag ships belonged to the DIS

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil, 110 km; refined products, 578 km; natural gas, 700 km

Ports [time series]

Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia; numerous secondary and minor ports

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

2,675 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,025 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry services); 188 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of standard-gauge lines are privately owned and operated

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 4,509,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, 15 (39 repeaters) FM, 27 (25 repeaters) TV; 7 submarine coaxial cables; 1 earth station operating in INTELSAT, 4 Atlantic Ocean, EUTELSAT, and domestic systems

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$2.4 billion, 2% of GDP (1990)

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 1,369,684; 1,179,991 fit for military service; 36,991 reach military age (20) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for 5% of GNP and employs 6% of labor force (includes fishing and forestry); farm products account for nearly 15% of export revenues; principal products--meat, dairy, grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets, fish; self-sufficient in food production

Budget [time series]

revenues $62.5 billion; expenditures $60 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA billion (1989)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Danish krone (plural--kroner); 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 ore

Economic aid [time series]

donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89) $5.9 billion

Electricity [time series]

11,215,000 kW capacity; 30,910 million kWh produced, 6,030 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates [time series]

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1--5.817 (January (1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987), 8.091 (1986), 10.596 (1985)

Exports [time series]

$34.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990); commodities--meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment, fish, chemicals, industrial machinery; partners--EC 52.2% (Germany 19.5%, UK 10.9%, France 6.1%), Sweden 12.5%, Norway 5.8%, US 5.0%, Japan 4.3% (1990)

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$45 billion (1990)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$78.0 billion, per capita $15,200; real growth rate 1.3% (1990)

Imports [time series]

$31.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990); commodities--petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, textiles, paper; partners--EC 57% (Germany 25.6%, UK 8.4%), Sweden 12.7%, US 6.7% (1990)

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 2.1% (1989)

Industries [time series]

food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.7% (1990)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

This modern economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. The Danish economy is likely to maintain its slow but steady improvement in 1991. GDP grew by 1.3% in 1990 and probably will grow by about 1.25% in 1991; unemployment is running close to 10%. In 1990 Denmark had the lowest inflation rate in the EC, a record trade surplus, and the first balance-of-payments surplus in 26 years. As the government prepares for the economic integration of Europe during 1992, growth, investment, and competitiveness are expected to improve, reducing unemployment, inflation, and debt.

Unemployment rate [time series]

9.5% (1990)

Geography

Climate [time series]

temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers

Coastline [time series]

3,379 km Contiguous zone: 4 nm; Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation; Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 3 nm

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly more than twice the size of Massachusetts

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); Denmark has challenged Norway's maritime claims between Greenland and Jan Mayen

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

air and water pollution

Land boundaries [time series]

68 km with Germany

Land use [time series]

arable land 61%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 6%; forest and woodland 12%; other 21%; includes irrigated 9%

Natural resources [time series]

crude oil, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone

Note [time series]

controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

Terrain [time series]

low and flat to gently rolling plains

Area (Total area) [time series]

43,070 km2; land area: 42,370 km2; includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

metropolitan Denmark--14 counties (amter, singular--amt) and 1 city* (stad); Arhus, Bornholm, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Staden Kobenhavn*, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjaelland, Viborg; note--see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland which are part of the Danish realm and self-governing administrative divisions

Capital [time series]

Copenhagen

Constitution [time series]

5 June 1953

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Peter Pedersen DYVIG; Chancery at 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 234-4300; there are Danish Consulates General at Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York; US--Ambassador Keith L. BROWN; Embassy at Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen O (mailing address is APO New York 09170); telephone [45] (31) 42 31 44

Executive branch [time series]

monarch, heir apparent, prime minister, Cabinet

Flag [time series]

red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

Independence [time series]

became a constitutional monarchy in 1849

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court Chief of State--Queen MARGRETHE II (since January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26 May 1968); Head of Government--Prime Minister Poul SCHLUTER (since 10 September 1982)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Parliament (Folketing)

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Kingdom of Denmark

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G-9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

National holiday [time series]

Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Social Democratic, Svend AUKEN; Conservative, Poul SCHLUTER; Liberal, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN; Socialist People's, Holger K. NIELSEN; Progress Party, Pia KJAERSGAARD; Center Democratic, Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN; Radical Liberal, Marianne JELVED; Christian People's, Flemming KOTOED-SVENDSEN; Left Socialist, Elizabeth BRUN-OLESEN; Justice, Poul Gerhard KRISTIANSEN; Socialist Workers Party, leader NA; Communist Workers' Party (KAP), leader NA; Common Course, Preben Moller HANSEN; Green Party, Inger BORLEHMANN

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 21 Parliament--last held 12 December 1990 (next to be held by December 1994); results--Social Democratic 37.4%, Conservative 16.0%, Liberal 15.8%, Socialist People's 8.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Center Democratic 5.1%, Radical Liberal 3.5%, Christian People's 2.3%, other 5.2%; seats--(175 total; includes 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands) Social Democratic 69, Conservative 30, Liberal 29, Socialist People's 15, Progress Party 12, Center Democratic 9, Radical Liberal 7, Christian People's 4

Government type (Type) [time series]

constitutional monarchy

People

Birth rate [time series]

12 births/1,000 population (1991)

Death rate [time series]

11 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German

Infant mortality rate [time series]

6 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

Labor force [time series]

2,581,400; private services 36.4%; government services 30.2%; manufacturing and mining 20%; construction 6.8%; agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.9%; electricity/gas/water 0.7% (1990)

Languages (Language) [time series]

Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect); small German-speaking minority

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

73 years male, 79 years female (1991)

Literacy [time series]

99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun--Dane(s); adjective--Danish

Net migration rate [time series]

NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)

Organized labor [time series]

65% of labor force

Population [time series]

5,132,626 (July 1991), growth rate NEGL% (1991)

Religions (Religion) [time series]

Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 2%, other 7% (1988)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.6 children born/woman (1991)