Lithuania

total: 806,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)

public broadcaster operates 3 channels, with the third channel (satellite) introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, with repeater stations in various regions

.lt

percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)

total subscriptions: 224,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)

total subscriptions: 3.97 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 139 (2024 est.)

wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseed, barley, potatoes, triticale, oats, beans, peas (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

on food: 19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 5.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

revenues: $28.011 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $28.68 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

$2.101 billion (2024 est.) $878.388 million (2023 est.) -$4.322 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; recovery supported by private consumption and EU fund-driven investments; structural challenges include pension reform, aging workforce, and high energy-import costs

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.924 (2024 est.) 0.925 (2023 est.) 0.95 (2022 est.) 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.876 (2020 est.)

$62.896 billion (2024 est.) $61.02 billion (2023 est.) $61.448 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, furniture, plastic products, wheat, cars (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Latvia 11%, Poland 8%, Germany 7%, Netherlands 6%, Russia 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

$84.869 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

household consumption: 57.3% (2023 est.) government consumption: 17.3% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 23.7% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: -1.8% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 76.5% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -72.6% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

agriculture: 2.6% (2024 est.) industry: 23.4% (2024 est.) services: 63.6% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

36.6 (2022 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

lowest 10%: 2.5% (2022 est.) highest 10%: 28.7% (2022 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$58.491 billion (2024 est.) $57.899 billion (2023 est.) $62.916 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

crude petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Germany 13%, Poland 13%, Latvia 8%, USA 7%, Norway 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

3.2% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology

0.7% (2024 est.) 9.1% (2023 est.) 19.7% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

1.548 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

20.9% (2021 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

36.9% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

$136.227 billion (2024 est.) $132.552 billion (2023 est.) $132.099 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

2.8% (2024 est.) 0.3% (2023 est.) 2.5% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

$47,200 (2024 est.) $46,200 (2023 est.) $46,700 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

$7.406 billion (2024 est.) $6.168 billion (2023 est.) $5.365 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

21.4% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

7.6% (2024 est.) 6.9% (2023 est.) 6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 14.1% (2024 est.) male: 16.3% (2024 est.) female: 11.7% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

consumption: 166,000 metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 78,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 149,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity: 5.426 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 10.992 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 3.98 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 10.91 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 829.9 million kWh (2023 est.)

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 14.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 51% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 4.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 13.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

83.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

consumption: 1.49 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 1.867 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 3.282 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2 (2025)

total petroleum production: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 67,000 bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 12 million barrels (2021 est.)

12.877 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 380,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 9.61 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 2.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

water pollution; air pollution; deforestation; groundwater pollution from chemicals and waste; soil degradation and erosion

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

agricultural land: 45.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 36.8% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.) forest: 35.3% (2023 est.) other: 18.8% (2023 est.)

11.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

24.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

municipal: 136.78 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 87.96 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 58.74 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.315 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 34.9% (2022 est.)

total : 65,300 sq km land: 62,680 sq km water: 2,620 sq km

slightly larger than West Virginia

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

90 km

highest point: Aukstojas 294 m lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 110 m

56 00 N, 24 00 E

fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits

61 sq km (2020)

total: 1,545 km border countries (4): Belarus 640 km; Latvia 544 km; Poland 100 km; Russia (Kaliningrad) 261 km

agricultural land: 45.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 36.8% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.) forest: 35.3% (2023 est.) other: 18.8% (2023 est.)

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus

salt water lake(s): Curonian Lagoon (shared with Russia) - 1,620 sq km

Europe

territorial sea: 12 nm

occasional floods, droughts

peat, arable land, amber

fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipeda

lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

60 municipalities ( savivaldybe , singular - savivaldybe ); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai

name: Vilnius geographic coordinates: 54 41 N, 25 19 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: named after the Vilnia River; the river name is said to derive from the Lithuanian word vilnis , meaning "wave"

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Lithuania dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992 amendment process: proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum

conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania conventional short form: Lithuania local long form: Lietuvos Respublika local short form: Lietuva former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (while occupied by the USSR) etymology: meaning of the name is obscure; may be derived from the local words lietava , meaning "small river," or lietus , meaning "rain" or "land of rain," or the Latin word litus , meaning "shore"

chief of mission: Ambassador Kara C. McDONALD (since 26 January 2024) embassy: Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-03106 mailing address: 4510 Vilnius Place, Washington DC 20521-4510 telephone: [370] (5) 266-5500 FAX: [370] (5) 266-5510 email address and website: consec@state.gov https://lt.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission: Ambassador Gediminas VARVUOLIS (since 5 September 2025) chancery: 2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 234-5860 FAX: [1] (202) 328-0466 email address and website: info@usa.mfa.lt https://usa.mfa.lt/usa/en/ consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

chief of state: President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019) head of government: Prime Minister Inga RUGINIENE (since 25 September 2025) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament most recent election date: 26 May 2024 election results: 2024: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote -Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 75.6%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (TS-LKD) 24.4% 2019: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3% expected date of next election: 2029

description: three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red meaning: yellow stands for golden fields, the sun, light, and goodness; green for the forests, nature, freedom, and hope; red for courage and the blood spilled in defense of the homeland

semi-presidential republic

16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Seimas from nominations - 3 each by the president of the republic, the Seimas speaker, and the Supreme Court president; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; one third of membership reconstituted every 3 years subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; district and local courts

civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court

legislature name: Parliament (Seimas) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 141 (all directly elected) electoral system: mixed system scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 10/13/2024 to 10/27/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP) (52); Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD) (28); Political Party "The Dawn of Nemunas" (PPNA) (20); Union of Democrats “For Lithuania” (DSVL) (14); Liberals Movement of the Republic of Lithuania (LS) (12); Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (LVŽS) (8); Other (7) percentage of women in chamber: 28.4% expected date of next election: October 2028

title: "Tautiska giesme" (The National Song) lyrics/music: Vincas KUDIRKA history: adopted 1918, restored 1990; written in 1898 when Lithuania was part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990

yellow, green, red

total World Heritage Sites: 5 (all cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Vilnius Historic Center; Curonian Spit; Kernavė Archaeological Site; Struve Geodetic Arc; Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939

Independence Day (or National Day), 16 February (1918) note: 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania established its statehood and independence from Soviet Russia and Germany; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of statehood and independence from the Soviet Union

mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser), white stork

Center-Right Union or CDS Dawn of Nemunas or PPNA Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania - Christian Families Alliance or LLRA K S Homeland Union or TS-LKD Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union or LVŽS Liberals' Movement or LRLS National Alliance or NS Social Democratic Party of Lithuania or LSDP Union of Democrats for Lithuania or DSVL

18 years of age; universal

Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, Lithuania extended its territory through alliances and conquest to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when surrounding countries partitioned its remnants. Lithuania regained its independence after World War I, but the USSR annexed it in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. In 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until 1991. The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into West European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in 2004. In 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone, and it joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018.

the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994 since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; NATO has also provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania s iauliai Air Base (2025)

Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Lithuanian Land Forces (LLF), Lithuanian Navy, Lithuanian Air Force (LTAF), Lithuanian Special Operations Forces (LITHSOF); National Defense Volunteer Forces (2025) note 1: the National Rifleman's Union is a civilian paramilitary organization supported by the Lithuanian Government, which cooperates with the military but is not part of it; however, in a state of war, its armed formations would fall under the Armed Forces note 2: the Lithuanian Police and State Border Guard Service are under the Ministry of Interior; in wartime, the State Border Guard Service becomes part of the armed forces

approximately 20,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

note: contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation

the military's inventory is a mix of mostly European and US armaments (2025)

4% of GDP (2025 est.) 3.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 2.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.4% of GDP (2022 est.) 2% of GDP (2021 est.)

19-26 years of age for conscripted military service for men; 9-month service obligation; 18-38 for voluntary service for men and women; 18-60 for the National Defense Volunteer Services (2025) note 1: in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; it conscripts up to 4,000 men each year; conscripts are selected using an automated lottery system note 2: as of 2020, women comprised about 12% of the military's full-time personnel

0-14 years: 15.2% (male 205,154/female 194,386) 15-64 years: 62.6% (male 808,435/female 837,908) 65 years and over: 22.2% (2024 est.) (male 201,405/female 380,898)

total: 11.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 4.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 4.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 1.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

7.01 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

women married by age 15: 0% (2022) women married by age 18: 0.2% (2022)

1.1% (2021 est.)

51.8% (2024 est.)

14.1 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 23.3 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 33.3 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 3 (2025 est.)

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) rural: 93.8% of population (2022 est.) total: 98% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) rural: 6.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 2% of population (2022 est.)

4.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 11.8% national budget (2022 est.)

Lithuanian 84.6%, Polish 6.5%, Russian 5%, Belarusian 1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.8% (2021 est.)

0.6 (2025 est.)

7.5% of GDP (2022) 13% of national budget (2022 est.)

6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

total: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.) major-language sample(s): Pasaulio enciklopedija naudingas bendrosios informacijos altinis. (Lithuanian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.) male: 70.8 years female: 81.7 years

541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023)

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

total: 44 years (2025 est.) male: 40.9 years female: 49.2 years

28.2 years (2020 est.)

noun: Lithuanian(s) adjective: Lithuanian

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

26.3% (2016)

6.1 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

total: 2,815,687 (2025 est.) male: 1,334,600 female: 1,481,087

fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipeda

-0.71% (2025 est.)

Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)

urban: 99% of population (2022 est.) rural: 91.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 96.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 8.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 3.3% of population (2022 est.)

total: 17 years (2022 est.) male: 16 years (2022 est.) female: 17 years (2022 est.)

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

total: 26.6% (2025 est.) male: 38% (2025 est.) female: 16.7% (2025 est.)

1.22 children born/woman (2025 est.)

urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

refugees: 53,859 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 2,236 (2024 est.)

64 (2025)

LY

2 (2025)

total: 59 (2023) by type: container ship 3, general cargo 19, oil tanker 2, other 35

total ports: 2 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 0 very small: 1 ports with oil terminals: 2 key ports: Butinge Oil Terminal, Klaipeda

total: 1,911 km (2020) 152 km electrified