Mauritius

total: 323,200 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2020 est.)

the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation is the national public television and radio broadcaster; it broadcasts programming in French, English, Hindi, Creole and Chinese, it provides 17 television channels in Mauritius; there are nine Mauritian FM radio stations and two operating on the AM band (2022)

.mu

total: 884,000 (2021 est.) percent of population: 68% (2021 est.)

general assessment: the telecom sector in Mauritius has long been supported by the varied needs of tourists; this has stimulated the mobile market, leading to a particularly high penetration rate; the response of the country s telcos to tourist requirements also contributed to the country being among the first in the region to provide services based on 3G and WiMAX technologies; the incumbent telco provides comprehensive LTE and fiber broadband coverage, and in late 2021 it launched a gigabit fiber-based broadband service; the country has seen improved international internet capacity in recent years, with direct cables linking to India, Madagascar, and South Africa, as well as other connections to Rodrigues and Reunion; mobile subscribers in Mauritius secured 5G services in mid-2021; this followed the regulator s award of spectrum in two bands to the MNOs (2022) domestic: fixed-line teledensity over 36 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular services teledensity 152 per 100 persons (2021) international: country code - 230; landing points for the SAFE, MARS, IOX Cable System, METISS and LION submarine cable system that provides links to Asia, Africa, Southeast Asia, Indian Ocean Islands of Reunion, Madagascar, and Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries (2019)

total subscriptions: 462,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

total subscriptions: 2.097 million (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 161 (2022 est.)

sugarcane, chicken, pumpkins/squash, eggs, potatoes, tomatoes, bananas, onions, tea, cucumbers/gherkins (2022) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

revenues: $3.134 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $3.647 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Moody's rating: Baa1 (2012) note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

-$654.051 million (2023 est.) -$1.437 billion (2022 est.) -$1.497 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$2.827 billion (2022 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

upper middle-income Indian Ocean island economy; diversified portfolio; investing in maritime security; strong tourism sector decimated by COVID-19; expanding in information and financial services; environmentally fragile

Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar - 45.267 (2023 est.) 44.183 (2022 est.) 41.692 (2021 est.) 39.347 (2020 est.) 35.474 (2019 est.)

$5.499 billion (2023 est.) $5.004 billion (2022 est.) $3.194 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

garments, fish, raw sugar, fertilizers, diamonds (2022) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Zimbabwe 11%, South Africa 11%, France 10%, Madagascar 8%, US 7% (2022) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

$14.397 billion (2023 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

household consumption: 67.6% (2023 est.) government consumption: 14.2% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 23.5% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: -0.2% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 53.3% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -55.2% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

agriculture: 3.8% (2023 est.) industry: 18.6% (2023 est.) services: 64.6% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

36.8 (2017 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

lowest 10%: 2.9% (2017 est.) highest 10%: 29.9% (2017 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$8.038 billion (2023 est.) $8.052 billion (2022 est.) $6.057 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, coal, fish, cars, packaged medicine (2022) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 16%, South Africa 10%, UAE 9%, India 9%, Oman 8% (2022) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

10.47% (2023 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism

7.05% (2023 est.) 10.77% (2022 est.) 4.03% (2021 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

588,000 (2023 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

10.3% (2017 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

57.96% of GDP (2019 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

$33.53 billion (2023 est.) $31.35 billion (2022 est.) $28.793 billion (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

6.95% (2023 est.) 8.88% (2022 est.) 3.4% (2021 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

$26,600 (2023 est.) $24,800 (2022 est.) $22,700 (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

1.94% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.12% of GDP (2022 est.) 2.37% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

$7.248 billion (2023 est.) $7.793 billion (2022 est.) $8.563 billion (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

19.05% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

6.06% (2023 est.) 6.32% (2022 est.) 7.72% (2021 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 20.9% (2023 est.) male: 19% (2023 est.) female: 23.6% (2023 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

5.091 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.31 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 3.781 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

consumption: 580,000 metric tons (2022 est.) imports: 580,000 metric tons (2022 est.)

installed generating capacity: 956,000 kW (2022 est.) consumption: 3.288 billion kWh (2022 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 208.205 million kWh (2022 est.)

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 99% electrification - rural areas: 100%

fossil fuels: 80.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.) solar: 4.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.) wind: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.) hydroelectricity: 3.7% of total installed capacity (2022 est.) biomass and waste: 10.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

54.401 million Btu/person (2022 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 25,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 10.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 4.35 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 2.06 megatons (2020 est.)

tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)

water pollution, degradation of coral reefs; soil erosion; wildlife preservation; solid waste disposal

party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

agricultural land: 43.8% (2018 est.) arable land: 38.4% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 3.4% (2018 est.) forest: 17.3% (2018 est.) other: 38.9% (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

2.75 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal: 290 million cubic meters (2020 est.) industrial: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.) agricultural: 310 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

urban population: 40.9% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 438,000 tons (2016 est.)

total : 2,040 sq km land: 2,030 sq km water: 10 sq km note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues

almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC

tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)

177 km

highest point: Mont Piton 828 m lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

20 17 S, 57 33 E

the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; former home of the dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons, driven to extinction by the end of the 17th century through a combination of hunting and the introduction of predatory species

158 sq km (2020)

total: 0 km

agricultural land: 43.8% (2018 est.) arable land: 38.4% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 3.4% (2018 est.) forest: 17.3% (2018 est.) other: 38.9% (2018 est.)

Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, about 800 km (500 mi) east of Madagascar

Africa

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards

arable land, fish

population density is one of the highest in the world; urban clusters are found throughout the main island, with a greater density in and around Port Luis; population on Rodrigues Island is spread across the island with a slightly denser cluster on the north coast as shown in this population distribution map

small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau

9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne

name: Port Louis geographic coordinates: 20 09 S, 57 29 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: named after LOUIS XV, who was king of France in 1736 when the port became the administrative center of Mauritius and a major reprovisioning stop for French ships traveling between Europe and Asia

citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 5 out of the previous 7 years including the last 12 months

history: several previous; latest adopted 12 March 1968 amendments: proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty of the state, fundamental rights and freedoms, citizenship, or the branches of government, requires approval in a referendum by at least three-fourths majority of voters followed by a unanimous vote by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; amended many times, last in 2016

conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius conventional short form: Mauritius local long form: Republic of Mauritius local short form: Mauritius etymology: island named after Prince Maurice VAN NASSAU, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, in 1598 note: pronounced mah-rish-us

chief of mission: Ambassador Henry V. JARDINE (since 22 February 2023); note - also accredited to Seychelles embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Avenue, Port Louis mailing address: 2450 Port Louis Place, Washington, DC 20521-2450 telephone: [230] 202-4400 FAX: [230] 208-9534 email address and website: PTLConsular@state.gov https://mu.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission: Ambassador Purmanund JHUGROO (since 7 July 2021) chancery: 1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491 FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983 email address and website: mauritius.embassy@verizon.net https://mauritius-washington.govmu.org/Pages/index.aspx

chief of state: President Prithvirajsing ROOPUN (since 2 December 2019) head of government: Prime Minister Pravind JUGNAUTH (since 23 January 2017) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers (Council of Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for 5-year renewable terms; election last held on 7 November 2019 (next to be held in 2024); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister who have the majority support in the National Assembly election results: 2019 : Prithvirajsing ROOPUN (MSM) elected president by the National Assembly - unanimous vote 2015 : Ameenah GURIB-FAKIM (independent) elected president by the National Assembly - unanimous vote; note - GURIB-FAKIM, who was Mauritius' first female president, resigned on 23 March 2018; acting presidents served from March 2018 until ROOPUN's appointment in 2019

four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green; red represents self-determination and independence, blue the Indian Ocean surrounding the island, yellow has been interpreted as the new light of independence, golden sunshine, or the bright future, and green can symbolize either agriculture or the lush vegetation of the island note: while many national flags consist of three - and in some cases five - horizontal bands of color, the flag of Mauritius is the world's only national flag to consist of four horizontal color bands

parliamentary republic

12 March 1968 (from the UK)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 24 puisne judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal judge selection and term of office: chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister; senior puisne judge appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice; other puisne judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Commission, a 4-member body of judicial officials including the chief justice; all judges serve until retirement at age 67 subordinate courts: lower regional courts known as District Courts, Court of Civil Appeal; Court of Criminal Appeal; Public Bodies Appeal Tribunal

civil legal system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law

description: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (70 seats maximum; 62 members directly elected multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and up to 8 seats allocated to non-elected party candidates by the Office of Electoral Commissioner; members serve a 5-year term) elections: last held on 7 November 2019 (next to be held by late 2024) election results: percent of vote by party - Mauritian Alliance 2019 (MSM, ML, MAG, and PM) 37.7%, National Alliance (PTR, PMSD, and MJCB) 32.8%, MMM 20.6%, OPR 1%, other 7.9%; seats by party - MSM 38, PTR 14, MMM 8, OPR 2; composition - men 56, women 14, percentage women 20% (2019)

name: "Motherland" lyrics/music: Jean Georges PROSPER/Philippe GENTIL note: adopted 1968

total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Aapravasi Ghat; Le Morne Cultural Landscape

Independence and Republic Day, 12 March (1968 & 1992); note - became independent and a republic on the same date in 1968 and 1992 respectively

dodo bird, Trochetia Boutoniana flower; national colors: red, blue, yellow, green

Alliance Morisien (Mauritian Alliance) Jean-Claude Barbier Movement (Mouvement Jean-Claude Barbier) or MJCB Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD Mauritius Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP Militant Platform (Plateforme Militante) or PM Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM Muvman Liberater or ML National Alliance Patriotic Movement (Mouvement Patriotique) or MAG Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR

18 years of age; universal

Although known to Arab and European sailors since at least the early 1500s, the island of Mauritius was uninhabited until 1638 when the Dutch established a settlement named in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU. Their presence led to the rapid disappearance of the flightless dodo bird that has since become one of the most well-known examples of extinction in modern times. The Dutch abandoned their financially distressed settlement in 1710, although a number of formerly enslaved people remained. In 1722, the French established what would become a highly profitable settlement focused on sugar cane plantations that were reliant on the labor of enslaved people brought to Mauritius from other parts of Africa. In the 1790s, the island had a brief period of autonomous rule when plantation owners rejected French control because of laws ending slavery that were temporarily in effect during the French Revolution. Britain captured the island in 1810 as part of the Napoleonic Wars but kept most of the French administrative structure, which remains to this day in the form of the country s legal codes and widespread use of the French Creole language. The abolition of slavery in 1835 -- later than most other British colonies -- led to increased reliance on contracted laborers from the Indian subcontinent to work on plantations. Today their descendants form the majority of the population. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base and later an air station, and it played a role during World War II in anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as in the collection of signals intelligence. Mauritius gained independence from the UK in 1968 as a Parliamentary Republic and has remained a stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record. The country also attracted considerable foreign investment and now has one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Mauritius often-fractious coalition politics has been dominated by two prominent families, each of which has had father-son pairs who have been prime minister over multiple, often nonconsecutive, terms. Seewoosagur RAMGOOLAM (1968-76) was Mauritius first prime minister, and he was succeeded by Anerood JUGNAUTH (1982-95, 2000-03, 2014-17); his son Navin RAMGOOLAM (1995-2000, 2005-14); and Paul Raymond BERENGER (2003-05), the only non-Hindu prime minister of post-independence Mauritius. In 2017, Pravind JUGNAUTH became prime minister after his father stepped down short of completing his term, and he was elected in his own right in 2019. Mauritius claims the French island of Tromelin and the British Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory). Since 2017, Mauritius has secured favorable UN General Assembly resolutions and an International Court of Justice advisory opinion relating to its sovereignty dispute with the UK.

the MPF's primary security partner is India, which provides training and other support to the National Coast Guard; Indian naval vessels often patrol the country's waters; the MPF has also received assistance and training from France, the UK, and the US; the MPF s chief security concerns are piracy and narcotics trafficking the Special Mobile Force was created in 1960 following the withdrawal of the British garrison (2024)

no regular military forces; the Mauritius Police Force (MPF) under the Ministry of Defense includes a paramilitary unit known as the Special Mobile Force, which includes some motorized infantry and light armored units; the MPF also has a Police Helicopter Squadron, a Special Support Unit (riot police), and the National Coast Guard (also includes an air squadron) (2024) note: the MPF is responsible for law enforcement and maintenance of order within the country; a police commissioner heads the force and has authority over all police and other security forces, including the Coast Guard and Special Mobile Forces; the Special Mobile Forces share responsibility with police for internal security

the MPF's inventory is comprised of mostly secondhand equipment from Western European countries and India (2023)

0-14 years: 15.1% (male 100,973/female 96,711) 15-64 years: 71% (male 462,833/female 467,509) 65 years and over: 13.9% (2024 est.) (male 75,464/female 107,014)

total: 3.39 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 1.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

9.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

NA

63.8% (2014)

6.7% of GDP (2020)

62% (2023 est.)

9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Mauritius has transitioned from a country of high fertility and high mortality rates in the 1950s and mid-1960s to one with among the lowest population growth rates in the developing world today. After World War II, Mauritius population began to expand quickly due to increased fertility and a dramatic drop in mortality rates as a result of improved health care and the eradication of malaria. This period of heightened population growth reaching about 3% a year was followed by one of the world s most rapid birth rate declines. The total fertility rate fell from 6.2 children per women in 1963 to 3.2 in 1972 largely the result of improved educational attainment, especially among young women, accompanied by later marriage and the adoption of family planning methods. The family planning programs success was due to support from the government and eventually the traditionally pronatalist religious communities, which both recognized that controlling population growth was necessary because of Mauritius small size and limited resources. Mauritius fertility rate has consistently been below replacement level since the late 1990s, a rate that is substantially lower than nearby countries in southern Africa. With no indigenous population, Mauritius ethnic mix is a product of more than two centuries of European colonialism and continued international labor migration. Sugar production relied on slave labor mainly from Madagascar, Mozambique, and East Africa from the early 18th century until its abolition in 1835, when slaves were replaced with indentured Indians. Most of the influx of indentured labor peaking between the late 1830s and early 1860s settled permanently creating massive population growth of more than 7% a year and reshaping the island s social and cultural composition. While Indians represented about 12% of Mauritius population in 1837, they and their descendants accounted for roughly two-thirds by the end of the 19th century. Most were Hindus, but the majority of the free Indian traders were Muslims. Mauritius again turned to overseas labor when its success in clothing and textile exports led to a labor shortage in the mid-1980s. Clothing manufacturers brought in contract workers (increasingly women) from China, India, and, to a lesser extent Bangladesh and Madagascar, who worked longer hours for lower wages under poor conditions and were viewed as more productive than locals. Downturns in the sugar and textile industries in the mid-2000s and a lack of highly qualified domestic workers for Mauritius growing services sector led to the emigration of low-skilled workers and a reliance on skilled foreign labor. Since 2007, Mauritius has pursued a circular migration program to enable citizens to acquire new skills and savings abroad and then return home to start businesses and to invest in the country s development.

total dependency ratio: 40.7 youth dependency ratio: 23.4 elderly dependency ratio: 17.3 potential support ratio: 5.8 (2021 est.)

improved: urban: 99.9% of population rural: 99.8% of population total: 99.9% of population unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population rural: 0.2% of population total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.)

4.9% of GDP (2021 est.)

Indo-Mauritian (compose approximately two thirds of the total population), Creole, Sino-Mauritian, Franco-Mauritian note: Mauritius has not had a question on ethnicity on its national census since 1972

0.66 (2024 est.)

3.7 beds/1,000 population (2020)

total: 11.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) male: 13.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10 deaths/1,000 live births

Creole 86.5%, Bhojpuri 5.3%, French 4.1%, two languages 1.4%, other 2.6% (includes English, one of the two official languages of the National Assembly, which is spoken by less than 1% of the population), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)

total population: 75.4 years (2024 est.) male: 72.6 years female: 78.4 years

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.2% male: 93.5% female: 90.5% (2021)

149,000 PORT LOUIS (capital) (2018)

84 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

total: 39.6 years (2024 est.) male: 38.1 years female: 41 years

noun: Mauritian(s) adjective: Mauritian

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

10.8% (2016)

2.71 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

total: 1,310,504 male: 639,270 female: 671,234 (2024 est.)

population density is one of the highest in the world; urban clusters are found throughout the main island, with a greater density in and around Port Luis; population on Rodrigues Island is spread across the island with a slightly denser cluster on the north coast as shown in this population distribution map

0.07% (2024 est.)

Hindu 48.5%, Roman Catholic 26.3%, Muslim 17.3%, other Christian 6.4%, other 0.6%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)

improved: urban: 99.9% of population rural: NA total: NA unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population rural: NA total: (2020 est.) NA

total: 15 years male: 14 years female: 16 years (2017)

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

total: 20.2% (2020 est.) male: 37.3% (2020 est.) female: 3% (2020 est.)

1.36 children born/woman (2024 est.)

urban population: 40.9% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering

4 (2024)

3B

1 (2024)

total: 32 (2023) by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 4, other 27

number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020) inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 13 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,745,291 (2018) annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 233.72 million (2018) mt-km

total ports: 2 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 1 very small: 1 ports with oil terminals: 1 key ports: Port Louis, Port Mathurin

total: 2,428 km paved: 2,379 km (includes 99 km of expressways) unpaved: 49 km (2015)