Fiji

total: 23,062 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2020 est.)

Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel; Digicel Fiji operates the Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations - 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available

.fj

total: 809,600 (2021 est.) percent of population: 88% (2021 est.)

general assessment: Fiji is the leading market to watch in terms of both LTE and 5G development in the region; the market boasts relatively sophisticated, advanced digital infrastructure, with telcos heavy investment resulting in the country having the highest mobile and internet subscriptions in the Pacific Islands region; LTE, LTE-A, and fiber technologies have received the most investment by the Fijian mobile operators, LTE now accounts for the largest share of connections in the mobile segment; concentrating on the more highly populated areas, the operators are preparing for the next growth area of high-speed data; they also have 5G in mind, and are preparing their networks to be 5G-ready, anticipating an easier migration to the technology based on the relatively high LTE subscription rate; Fiji presents a challenging geographic environment for infrastructure development due to its population being spread across more than 100 islands; the majority of Fijians live on the two main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu; in July 2018, the two islands were linked by the Savusavu submarine cable system, which provides a more secure link in times of emergency weather events such as the regular tropical cyclones that often cause massive destruction to the area, including destroying essential infrastructure such as electricity and telecommunications equipment; notably, the December 2021 eruption of the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano in Tonga damaged the Tonga Cable which connects Fiji, and Tonga blocking the latter off from internet services; cable theft and damage of critical communications infrastructure has also become a concern in Fiji, prompting authorities to establish a joint task force to tackle the issue (2022) domestic: fixed-line nearly 5 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 per 100 persons (2021) international: country code - 679; landing points for the ICN1, SCCN, Southern Cross NEXT, Tonga Cable and Tui-Samoa submarine cable links to US, NZ, Australia and Pacific islands of Fiji, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Fallis Futuna, and American Samoa; satellite earth stations - 2 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)

total subscriptions: 49,000 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2021 est.)

total subscriptions: 990,000 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2021 est.)

sugar cane, cassava, taro, poultry, vegetables, coconuts, eggs, milk, ginger, sweet potatoes

revenues: $885 million (2020 est.) expenditures: $1.515 billion (2020 est.)

-4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Moody's rating: Ba3 (2017) Standard & Poors rating: BB- (2019) note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

-$597.29 million (2021 est.) -$575.635 million (2020 est.) -$689.438 million (2019 est.)

$1.022 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $696.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)

upper-middle income, tourism-based Pacific island economy; susceptible to ocean rises; key energy and infrastructure investments; post-pandemic tourism resurgence; improved debt standing; limited workforce

Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar - 2.071 (2021 est.) 2.169 (2020 est.) 2.16 (2019 est.) 2.087 (2018 est.) 2.067 (2017 est.)

$1.171 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $1.23 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $2.636 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

water, fuel wood, gold, sugar, refined petroleum, fish (2021)

United States 34%, Australia 14%, China 7%, New Zealand 7%, Tonga 4% (2021)

calendar year

$4.891 billion (2017 est.)

household consumption: 81.3% (2017 est.) government consumption: 24.4% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 16.9% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 29% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -51.6% (2017 est.)

agriculture: 13.5% (2017 est.) industry: 17.4% (2017 est.) services: 69.1% (2017 est.)

30.7 (2019 est.)

lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 34.9% (2009 est.)

$2.344 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $1.977 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $3.206 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

refined petroleum, aircraft, cars, dentistry devices, broadcasting equipment (2021)

New Zealand 18%, China 16%, Singapore 14%, Australia 13%, United States 9% (2021)

-8.34% (2021 est.)

tourism, sugar processing, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber

0.16% (2021 est.) -2.6% (2020 est.) 1.77% (2019 est.)

372,200 (2021 est.)

agriculture: 44.2% industry: 14.3% services: 41.6% (2011)

29.9% (2019 est.)

48.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

$9.578 billion (2021 est.) $10.094 billion (2020 est.) $12.162 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

-5.11% (2021 est.) -17% (2020 est.) -0.58% (2019 est.)

$10,400 (2021 est.) $11,000 (2020 est.) $13,200 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$1.518 billion (31 December 2021 est.) $1.082 billion (31 December 2020 est.) $1.043 billion (31 December 2019 est.)

19.26% (of GDP) (2020 est.)

5.24% (2021 est.) 4.72% (2020 est.) 4.45% (2019 est.)

total: 18.1% (2021 est.) male: 14.1% female: 25.9%

1.691 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 1.691 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.) consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.) exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.) imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.) proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

installed generating capacity: 393,000 kW (2020 est.) consumption: 1,022,955,000 kWh (2019 est.) exports: 0 kWh (2020 est.) imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 90 million kWh (2019 est.)

electrification - total population: 92.1% (2021) electrification - urban areas: 96% (2021) electrification - rural areas: 86.7% (2021)

fossil fuels: 41.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) solar: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) hydroelectricity: 50.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) biomass and waste: 6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

32.901 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.) consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.) exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.) imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.) proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 11,500 bbl/day (2019 est.) crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.) crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

17,460 bbl/day (2015 est.)

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 7.36 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 2.05 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 0.95 megatons (2020 est.)

tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation

the widespread practice of waste incineration is a major contributor to air pollution in the country, as are vehicle emissions in urban areas; deforestation and soil erosion are significant problems; a contributory factor to erosion is clearing of land by bush burning, a widespread practice that threatens biodiversity

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

agricultural land: 23.3% (2018 est.) arable land: 9% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 4.7% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 9.6% (2018 est.) forest: 55.7% (2018 est.) other: 21% (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

0.59% of GDP (2018 est.)

28.55 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal: 30 million cubic meters (2020 est.) industrial: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.) agricultural: 50 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

urban population: 58.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 189,390 tons (2011 est.) municipal solid waste recycled annually: 10,322 tons (2013 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 5.5% (2013 est.)

total: 18,274 sq km land: 18,274 sq km water: 0 sq km

slightly smaller than New Jersey

tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation

1,129 km

highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

18 00 S, 175 00 E

consists of 332 islands, approximately 110 of which are inhabited, and more than 500 islets

40 sq km (2012)

total: 0 km

agricultural land: 23.3% (2018 est.) arable land: 9% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 4.7% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 9.6% (2018 est.) forest: 55.7% (2018 est.) other: 21% (2018 est.)

Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand

Oceania

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines

cyclonic storms can occur from November to January

timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower

approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas

mostly mountains of volcanic origin

14 provinces and 1 dependency*; Ba, Bua, Cakaudrove, Kadavu, Lau, Lomaiviti, Macuata, Nadroga and Navosa, Naitasiri, Namosi, Ra, Rewa, Rotuma*, Serua, Tailevu

name: Suva (on Viti Levu) geographic coordinates: 18 08 S, 178 25 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name means "little hill" in the native Fijian (iTaukei) language and refers to a mound where a temple once stood

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Fiji dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: at least 5 years residency out of the 10 years preceding application

history: several previous; latest signed into law 6 September 2013 amendments: proposed as a bill by Parliament and supported by at least three quarters of its members, followed by referral to the president and then to the Electoral Commission, which conducts a referendum; passage requires approval by at least three-quarters of registered voters and assent by the president

conventional long form: Republic of Fiji conventional short form: Fiji local long form: Republic of Fiji (English)/ Matanitu ko Viti (Fijian) local short form: Fiji (English)/ Viti (Fijian) etymology: the Fijians called their home Viti, but the neighboring Tongans called it Fisi, and in the Anglicized spelling of the Tongan pronunciation - promulgated by explorer Captain James COOK - the designation became Fiji

chief of mission: Ambassador Marie DAMOUR (since 24 November 2022); note - also accredited to Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu embassy: 158 Princes Road, Tamavua, Suva mailing address: 4290 Suva Place, Washington DC 20521-4290 telephone: [679] 331-4466 FAX: [679] 330-2267 email address and website: SuvaACS@state.gov https://fj.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charg d'Affaires Aporosa BABAKOBUA chancery: 1707 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (917) 208-4560 FAX: [1] (202) 466-8325 email address and website: info@FijiEmbassyDC.com https://www.fijiembassydc.com/

chief of state: President Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE (since 12 November 2021) head of government: Prime Minister Voreqe "Frank" BAINIMARAMA (since 22 September 2014) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament elections/appointments: president elected by Parliament for a 3-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 October 2021 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister endorsed by the president election results: Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE elected president; Wiliame KATONIVERE 28 votes, Teimumu KEPA 23 votes

light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the blue symbolizes the Pacific Ocean and the Union Jack reflects the links with Great Britain; the shield - taken from Fiji's coat of arms - depicts a yellow lion, holding a coconut pod between its paws, above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George; the four quarters depict stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, a banana bunch, and a white dove of peace

parliamentary republic

10 October 1970 (from the UK)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions) judge selection and term of office: chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court appointed by the president of Fiji upon the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission after consulting with the cabinet minister and the committee of the House of Representatives responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but this requirement may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisne judges appointed for not less than 4 years nor more than 7 years, with mandatory retirement at age 65 subordinate courts: Magistrates' Court (organized into civil, criminal, juvenile, and small claims divisions)

common law system based on the English model

description: unicameral Parliament (55 seats; members directly elected in a nationwide, multi-seat constituency by open-list proportional representation vote with a 5% electoral threshold; members serve 4-year terms) elections: last held on 14 December 2022 (next to be held in 2026) election results: percent of vote by party - FijiFirst 42.5%, People's Alliance 35.8%, NFP 8.9%, SODELPA 5.1%, other 7.7%; seats by party - FijiFirst 26, People's Alliance 21, NFP 5, SODELPA 3; composition - men 49, women 6, percent of women 10.9%

name: "God Bless Fiji" lyrics/music: Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT/C. Austin MILES (adapted by Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT) note: adopted 1970; known in Fijian as "Meda Dau Doka" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, "Dwelling in Beulah Land," the anthem's English lyrics are generally sung, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Levuka Historical Port Town

Fiji (Independence) Day, 10 October (1970)

Fijian canoe; national color: light blue

FijiFirst [Veroqe "Frank" BAINIMARAMA] Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY] Freedom Alliance [Jagath KARUNARATNE] (formerly Fiji United Freedom Party or FUFP) National Federation Party or NFP [Biman PRASAD] (primarily Indian) People's Alliance [Sitiveni RABUKA] Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Lynda TABUYA] Social Democratic Liberal Party or SODELPA [Lenaitasi DURU, general secretary] Unity Fiji [Savenaca NARUBE]

18 years of age; universal

Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu i Tongan Empire s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. Dutch explorer Abel TASMAN was the first European to spot Fiji in 1643, followed by British explorer James COOK in 1774. Captain William BLIGH plotted the islands in 1789. In the 1800s, merchants, traders, and whalers frequented the islands and the first missionaries arrived in 1835. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans and their weapons, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874. The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements in place to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. Long-serving Prime Minister Kamisese MARA largely balanced these ethnic divisions, but concerns about growing Indo-Fijian political influence led to two coups in 1987. A new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Commodore Josaia BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position following elections in December 2022 and former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA assumed the office with a slim, one-seat parliamentary margin. With well-developed infrastructure, Fiji has become a hub for the Pacific, hosting the secretariat for the Pacific Islands Forum and the main campus of the University of the South Pacific. In addition, Fiji is a center for Pacific tourism, and Nadi International Airport is by far the busiest airport in a Pacific island country.

established in 1920, the RFMF is a small and lightly-armed force with a history of intervening in the country s politics, including coups in 1987 and 2006, and a mutiny in 2000, and it continues to have significant political power; the RFMF is responsible for external security but can be assigned some domestic security responsibilities in specific circumstances; it also has a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations, having sent troops on nearly 20 such missions since first deploying personnel to South Lebanon in 1978; these deployments have offered experience and a source of financial support; the RFMF has an infantry regiment and a small naval element comprised of patrol boats Fiji has a "shiprider" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Fiji's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; "shiprider" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2023)

Republic of Fiji Military Force (RFMF): Land Force Command, Maritime Command (2023) note: the RFMF is subordinate to the president as the commander-in-chief, while the Fiji Police Force reports to the Ministry of Defense, National Security, and Policing

approximately 4,000 active personnel (2023)

170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2023)

the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China has provided construction equipment and military vehicles (2023)

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2020 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2019 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2018 est.)

18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2023)

0-14 years: 25.17% (male 121,809/female 116,737) 15-64 years: 66.31% (male 321,448/female 307,026) 65 years and over: 8.52% (2023 est.) (male 37,219/female 43,521)

total: 2.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 1.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

16.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

women married by age 15: 0.2% women married by age 18: 4% men married by age 18: 1.7% (2021 est.)

4.6% (2021) NA

35.5% (2021)

3.8% of GDP (2020)

58.8% (2023 est.)

6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

total dependency ratio: 53 youth dependency ratio: 44.2 elderly dependency ratio: 8.7 potential support ratio: 11.4 (2021 est.)

improved: urban: 98.2% of population rural: 89.1% of population total: 94.3% of population unimproved: urban: 1.8% of population rural: 10.9% of population total: 5.7% of population (2020 est.)

5.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

iTaukei 56.8% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indo-Fijian 37.5%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 4.5% (European, part European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 est.) note: a 2010 law replaces 'Fijian' with 'iTaukei' when referring to the original and native settlers of Fiji

1.09 (2023 est.)

2 beds/1,000 population (2016)

total: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.) male: 11.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.3 deaths/1,000 live births

English (official), iTaukei (official), Fiji Hindi (official)

total population: 74.5 years (2023 est.) male: 71.9 years female: 77.3 years

total population: 99.1% male: 99.1% female: 99.1% (2018)

178,000 SUVA (capital) (2018)

38 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

total: 31.2 years (2023 est.) male: 31 years female: 31.5 years

noun: Fijian(s) adjective: Fijian

-5.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

30.2% (2016)

0.86 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

947,760 (2023 est.)

approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas

0.42% (2023 est.)

Protestant 45% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 3.9%, and Anglican 0.8%), Hindu 27.9%, other Christian 10.4%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other 0.3%, none 0.8% (2007 est.)

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

total: 23.1% (2020 est.) male: 35.6% (2020 est.) female: 10.5% (2020 est.)

2.23 children born/woman (2023 est.)

urban population: 58.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

total: 18.1% (2021 est.) male: 14.1% female: 25.9%

Fiji-Tonga : Fiji does not recognize Tonga s 1972 claim to the Minerva Reefs and their surrounding waters; the Minerva Reefs 200-mile exclusive economic zone includes valuable fishing grounds

28 (2021)

4 note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the typical length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)

24 note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control

DQ

total: 75 (2022) by type: general cargo 21, oil tanker 4, other 50

number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020) inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 16 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,670,216 (2018) annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 106.83 million (2018) mt-km

major seaport(s): Lautoka, Levuka, Suva

total: 597 km (2008) narrow gauge: 597 km (2008) 0.600-m gauge note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December

total: 3,440 km (2011) paved: 1,686 km (2011) unpaved: 1,754 km (2011)

203 km (2012) (122 km are navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges)