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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 949,974 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2017 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in December 2010 (2010)

Internet country code [time series]

.uy

Internet users [time series]

total: 2,225,075 (July 2016 est.) | percent of population: 66.4% (July 2016 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fully digitalized (2016) | domestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; nationwide microwave radio relay network; overall fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity over 185 telephones per 100 persons (2016) | international: country code - 598; the UNISOR submarine cable system provides direct connectivity to Brazil and Argentina; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 1,136,977 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2017 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 5,097,569 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 152 (2017 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

Cellulose, beef, soybeans, rice, wheat; dairy products; fish; lumber, tobacco, wine

Budget [time series]

revenues: 17.66 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 19.72 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate [time series]

9% (31 December 2012) | 8.75% (31 December 2011) | note: Uruguay's central bank uses the benchmark interest rate, rather than the discount rate, to conduct monetary policy; the rates shown here are the benchmark rates

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

13.83% (31 December 2017 est.) | 16.17% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

$879 million (2017 est.) | $410 million (2016 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$28.37 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $27.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

41.6 (2014) | 41.9 (2013)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net. Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uruguay's economic growth averaged 8% annually during the 2004-08 period. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country avoided a recession and kept growth rates positive, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment; GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but slowed markedly in the 2012-16 period as a result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Mercosur counterparts, Argentina and Brazil. Reforms in those countries should give Uruguay an economic boost. Growth picked up in 2017.

Exchange rates [time series]

Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar - | 28.77 (2017 est.) | 30.16 (2016 est.) | 30.16 (2015 est.) | 27.52 (2014 est.) | 23.25 (2013 est.)

Exports [time series]

$11.41 billion (2017 est.) | $8.387 billion (2016 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

beef, soybeans, cellulose, rice, wheat, wood, dairy products, wool

Exports - partners [time series]

China 19%, Brazil 16.1%, US 5.7%, Argentina 5.4% (2017)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$59.18 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$78.16 billion (2017 est.) | $76.14 billion (2016 est.) | $74.87 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 66.8% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 14.3% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 16.7% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: -1% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 21.6% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -18.4% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 6.2% (2017 est.) | industry: 24.1% (2017 est.) | services: 69.7% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$22,400 (2017 est.) | $21,900 (2016 est.) | $21,600 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

2.7% (2017 est.) | 1.7% (2016 est.) | 0.4% (2015 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

17.2% of GDP (2017 est.) | 18.6% of GDP (2016 est.) | 18.7% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 30.8% (2014 est.) | highest 10%: 30.8% (2014 est.)

Imports [time series]

$8.607 billion (2017 est.) | $8.463 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

refined oil, crude oil, passenger and other transportation vehicles, vehicle parts, cellular phones

Imports - partners [time series]

China 20%, Brazil 19.5%, Argentina 12.6%, US 10.9% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

-3.6% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

6.2% (2017 est.) | 9.6% (2016 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.748 million (2017 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 13% | industry: 14% | services: 73% (2010 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$175.4 million (31 December 2012 est.) | $174.6 million (31 December 2011 est.) | $156.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

9.7% (2015 est.)

Public debt [time series]

65.7% of GDP (2017 est.) | 61.6% of GDP (2016 est.) | note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$15.96 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $13.47 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$5.068 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $4.516 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$19.97 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $136.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$44.84 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $22.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$20.84 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $19.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$5.068 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $4.516 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

29.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

7.6% (2017 est.) | 7.9% (2016 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

7.554 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

40,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

10.77 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

1.321 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

29% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

29% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

42% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

24 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

4.808 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

13.13 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

population without electricity: 20,106 (2012) | electrification - total population: 99.4% (2012) | electrification - urban areas: 99.7% (2012) | electrification - rural areas: 93.8% (2012)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

70.79 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

70.79 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

53,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

9,591 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

42,220 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 176,215 sq km | land: 175,015 sq km | water: 1,200 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

about the size of Virginia and West Virginia combined; slightly smaller than the state of Washington

Climate [time series]

warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

Coastline [time series]

660 km

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 109 m | elevation extremes: 0 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean | 514 highest point: Cerro Catedral

Environment - current issues [time series]

water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; heavy metal pollution; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal; deforestation

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation

Geographic coordinates [time series]

33 00 S, 56 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising

Irrigated land [time series]

2,380 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,591 km | border countries (2): Argentina 541 km, Brazil 1050 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 87.2% (2011 est.) | arable land: 10.1% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0.2% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 76.9% (2011 est.) | forest: 10.2% (2011 est.) | other: 2.6% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil

Map references [time series]

South America

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | continental shelf: 200 nm or the edge of continental margin

Natural hazards [time series]

seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts

Natural resources [time series]

arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish

Population distribution [time series]

most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban, living in towns or cities; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo

Terrain [time series]

mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres

Capital [time series]

name: Montevideo | geographic coordinates: 34 51 S, 56 10 W | time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: yes | citizenship by descent only: yes | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 3-5 years

Constitution [time series]

history: several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967 (2018) | amendments: initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two-fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing "constitutional laws" sanctioned by at least two-thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2004 (2018)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay | conventional short form: Uruguay | local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay | local short form: Uruguay | former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province | etymology: name derives from the Spanish pronunciation of the Guarani Indian designation of the Uruguay River, which makes up the western border of the country and whose name later came to be applied to the entire country

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Kelly Ann KEIDERLING-FRANZ (since 23 June 2016) | embassy: Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200 | mailing address: APO AA 34035 | telephone: [598] (2) 1770-2000 | FAX: [598] (2) 1770-2128

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Carlos Alberto GIANELLI Derois (since 3 August 2015) | chancery: 1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006 | telephone: [1] (202) 331-1313 | FAX: [1] (202) 331-8142 | consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Tabare VAZQUEZ (since 1 March 2015); Vice President Lucia TOPOLANSKY (since 13 September 2017); note - Vice President Raul Fernando SENDIC Rodriguez (since 1 March 2015) stepped down on 9 September amid accusations of misuse of public funds; the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Tabare VAZQUEZ (since 1 March 2015); Vice President Lucia TOPOLANSKY (since 13 September 2017) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the General Assembly | elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms); election last held on 26 October 2014 with a runoff election on 30 November 2014 (next to be held on 27 October 2019, and a runoff if needed on 24 November 2019) | election results: Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president in second round; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ (Socialist Party) 56.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE Pou (Blanco) 43.4%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face (delineated in black) known as the Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy; the stripes represent the nine original departments of Uruguay; the sun symbol evokes the legend of the sun breaking through the clouds on 25 May 1810 as independence was first declared from Spain (Uruguay subsequently won its independence from Brazil); the sun features are said to represent those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun | note: the banner was inspired by the national colors of Argentina and by the design of the US flag

Government type [time series]

presidential republic

Independence [time series]

25 August 1825 (from Brazil)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 5 judges) | judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the president and appointed in joint conference of the General Assembly; judges serve 10-year terms, with reelection possible after a lapse of 5 years following the previous term | subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; District Courts (Juzgados Letrados); Peace Courts (Juzgados de Paz); Rural Courts (Juzgados Rurales)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system based on the Spanish civil code

Legislative branch [time series]

description: bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of: Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (31 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; the vice-president serves as the presiding ex-officio member; elected members serve 5-year terms) Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms) | elections: Chamber of Senators - last held on 26 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019) | election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 49.5%, National Party 31.9%, Colorado Party 13.3%, Independent Party 3.2%, other 2.1%; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 15, National Party 10, Colorado Party 4, Independent Party 1 Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 49.5%, National Party 31.9%, Colorado Party 13.3%, Independent Party 3.2%, AP 1.2%, other 0.9%; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 50, National Party 32, Colorado Party 13, Independent Party 3, AP 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Himno Nacional" (National Anthem of Uruguay) | lyrics/music: Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/Francisco Jose DEBALI | note: adopted 1848; the anthem is also known as "Orientales, la Patria o la tumba!" ("Uruguayans, the Fatherland or Death!"); it is the world's longest national anthem in terms of music (105 bars; almost five minutes); generally only the first verse and chorus are sung

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 25 August (1825)

National symbol(s) [time series]

Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol); national colors: blue, white, yellow

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Broad Front or FA (Frente Amplio) - (a broad governing coalition that includes Uruguay Assembly [Danilo ASTORI], Progressive Alliance [Rodolfo NIN NOVOA], New Space [Rafael MICHELINI], Socialist Party [Monica XAVIER], Vertiente Artiguista [Enrique RUBIO], Christian Democratic Party [Juan Andres ROBALLO], For the People’s Victory [Luis PUIG], Popular Participation Movement (MPP) [Jose MUJICA], Broad Front Commitment [Raul SENDIC], Big House [Constanza MOREIRA], Communist Party [Marcos CARAMBULA], The Federal League [Dario PEREZ] Colorado Party (including Vamos Uruguay (or Let's Go Uruguay) [Pedro BORDABERRY], Open Space [Tabare VIERA], and Open Batllism [Ope PASQUET]) Independent Party [Pablo MIERES] National Party or Blanco (including All Forward [Luis LACALLE POU] and National Alliance [Jorge LARRANAGA]) Popular Assembly [Gonzalo ABELLA]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Introduction

Background [time series]

Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its natural harbor to become an important commercial center. Claimed by Argentina but annexed by Brazil in 1821, Uruguay declared its independence four years later and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century launched widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was restored in 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control previously held by the Colorado and National (Blanco) parties. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent. | URUGUAY SUMMARY: PDF

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Uruguayan Armed Forces: Uruguayan National Army (Ejercito Nacional Uruguaya, ENU), Uruguayan National Navy (Armada Nacional del Uruguay, includes naval air arm, Naval Rifle Corps (Cuerpo de Fusileros Navales, Fusna), Maritime Prefecture in wartime), Uruguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya, FAU) (2012)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.85% of GDP (2016) | 1.82% of GDP (2015) | 1.81% of GDP (2014) | 1.82% of GDP (2013) | 1.8% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-30 years of age (18-22 years of age for navy) for male or female voluntary military service; up to 40 years of age for specialists; enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies; minimum 6-year education (2013)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 19.91% (male 341,402 /female 329,474) | 15-24 years: 15.56% (male 265,486 /female 258,611) | 25-54 years: 39.48% (male 658,871 /female 671,172) | 55-64 years: 10.68% (male 169,385 /female 190,392) | 65 years and over: 14.38% (male 194,269 /female 290,237) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × South America :: Uruguay Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Uruguay. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate [time series]

13 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

4% (2011)

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

79.6% (2015) | note: percent of women aged 15-44

Death rate [time series]

9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Demographic profile [time series]

Uruguay rates high for most development indicators and is known for its secularism, liberal social laws, and well-developed social security, health, and educational systems. It is one of the few countries in Latin America and the Caribbean where the entire population has access to clean water. Uruguay's provision of free primary through university education has contributed to the country's high levels of literacy and educational attainment. However, the emigration of human capital has diminished the state's return on its investment in education. Remittances from the roughly 18% of Uruguayans abroad amount to less than 1 percent of national GDP. The emigration of young adults and a low birth rate are causing Uruguay's population to age rapidly. In the 1960s, Uruguayans for the first time emigrated en masse - primarily to Argentina and Brazil - because of economic decline and the onset of more than a decade of military dictatorship. Economic crises in the early 1980s and 2002 also triggered waves of emigration, but since 2002 more than 70% of Uruguayan emigrants have selected the US and Spain as destinations because of better job prospects. Uruguay had a tiny population upon its independence in 1828 and welcomed thousands of predominantly Italian and Spanish immigrants, but the country has not experienced large influxes of new arrivals since the aftermath of World War II. More recent immigrants include Peruvians and Arabs.

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 55.9 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 33.4 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 22.5 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 4.4 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4.4% of GDP (2011)

Ethnic groups [time series]

white 87.7%, black 4.6%, indigenous 2.4%, other 0.3%, none or unspecified 5% (2011 est.) | note: data represent primary ethnic identity

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.6% (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

<500 (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

13,000 (2017 est.)

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

8.6% of GDP (2014)

Hospital bed density [time series]

2.8 beds/1,000 population (2014)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | female: 7.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages [time series]

Spanish (official)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 77.6 years (2018 est.) | male: 74.4 years (2018 est.) | female: 80.8 years (2018 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) | total population: 98.5% (2015 est.) | male: 98.1% (2015 est.) | female: 98.9% (2015 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

1.737 million MONTEVIDEO (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

15 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 35.1 years | male: 33.3 years | female: 36.9 years (2018 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Uruguayan(s) | adjective: Uruguayan

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

27.9% (2016)

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

3.94 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population [time series]

3,369,299 (July 2018 est.)

Population distribution [time series]

Population growth rate [time series]

0.27% (2018 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 47.1%, non-Catholic Christians 11.1%, nondenominational 23.2%, Jewish 0.3%, atheist or agnostic 17.2%, other 1.1% (2006 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 96.6% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 92.6% of population (2015 est.) | total: 96.4% of population (2015 est.) | unimproved: urban: 3.4% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 7.4% of population (2015 est.) | total: 3.6% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 16 years (2010) | male: 14 years (2010) | female: 17 years (2010)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.79 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 23.8% (2016 est.) | male: 20.2% (2016 est.) | female: 28.7% (2016 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 95.3% of total population (2018) | rate of urbanization: 0.46% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regimeuncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in questionsmuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border

Illicit drugs [time series]

small-scale transit country for drugs mainly bound for Europe, often through sea-borne containers; law enforcement corruption; money laundering because of strict banking secrecy laws; weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption of cocaine base and synthetic drugs

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 9,186 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum or have received alternative legal stay) (2018)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

133 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 11 (2013) | over 3,047 m: 1 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2013) | under 914 m: 2 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 122 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 40 (2013) | under 914 m: 79 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

CX (2016)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 56 (2017) | by type: container ship 1, general cargo 6, oil tanker 4, other 45 (2017)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 2 (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 3 (2015)

Pipelines [time series]

257 km gas, 160 km oil (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Montevideo

Railways [time series]

total: 1,673 km (operational; government claims overall length is 2,961 km) (2016) | standard gauge: 1,673 km 1.435-m gauge (2016)

Roadways [time series]

total: 77,732 km (2010) | paved: 7,743 km (2010) | unpaved: 69,989 km (2010)

Waterways [time series]

1,600 km (2011)