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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available (2008)

Internet country code [time series]

.nz

Internet users [time series]

total: 3.916 million | percent of population: 88.2% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 77

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems | domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 160 per 100 persons | international: country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 1.85 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 42 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 5.6 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

dairy products, sheep, beef, poultry, fruit, vegetables, wine, seafood, wheat and barley

Budget [time series]

revenues: $66.54 billion | expenditures: $66.02 billion (2015 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

0.3% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 32

Central bank discount rate [time series]

2.5% (31 December 2009) | 5% (31 December 2008) | country comparison to the world: 107

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

5.76% (31 December 2015 est.) | 5.8% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 133

Current account balance [time series]

-$5.249 billion (2015 est.) | -$6.185 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 171

Debt - external [time series]

$83.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $89.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

36.2 (1997) | country comparison to the world: 85

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Over the past 30 years, the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy, dependent on concessionary British market access, to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. | Per capita income rose for ten consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, fueling a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for policymakers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007-08. The higher rate attracted international capital inflows, which strengthened the currency and housing market while aggravating the current account deficit. | The economy fell into recession before the start of the global financial crisis and contracted for five consecutive quarters in 2008-09. In line with global peers, the central bank cut interest rates aggressively and the government developed fiscal stimulus measures. The economy pulled out of recession in 2009, and achieved 2%-3% growth from 2011 to 2015. Nevertheless, key trade sectors remain vulnerable to weak external demand and lower commodity prices. In the aftermath of the 2010 Canterbury earthquakes, the government has continued programs to expand export markets, develop capital markets, invest in innovation, raise productivity growth, and develop infrastructure, while easing its fiscal austerity.

Exchange rates [time series]

New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - | 1.4279 (2015 est.) | 1.2039 (2014 est.) | 1.2039 (2013 est.) | 1.23 (2012 est.) | 1.263 (2011 est.)

Exports [time series]

$34.41 billion (2015 est.) | $41.96 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 60

Exports - commodities [time series]

dairy products, meat and edible offal, logs and wood articles, fruit, crude oil, wine

Exports - partners [time series]

China 17.5%, Australia 16.9%, US 11.8%, Japan 6% (2015)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 April - 31 March | note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$172.2 billion (2015 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$168.2 billion (2015 est.) | $162.7 billion (2014 est.) | $158 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 70

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 4.3% | industry: 26.3% | services: 69.4% (2015 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$36,200 (2015 est.) | $35,700 (2014 est.) | $35,300 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 51

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3.4% (2015 est.) | 3% (2014 est.) | 1.7% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99

Gross national saving [time series]

20% of GDP (2015 est.) | 19.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | 18.5% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 90

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% | highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$35.8 billion (2015 est.) | $41 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 60

Imports - commodities [time series]

petroleum and products, mechanical machinery, vehicles and parts, electrical machinery, textiles

Imports - partners [time series]

China 19.4%, Australia 11.8%, US 11.7%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 4.7%, Thailand 4.2% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1.3% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 129

Industries [time series]

agriculture, forestry, fishing, logs and wood articles, manufacturing, mining, construction, financial services, real estate services, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

0.3% (2015 est.) | 1.2% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63

Labor force [time series]

2.501 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 7% | industry: 19% | services: 74% (2006 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$79.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $71.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $71.83 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Public debt [time series]

35% of GDP (2015 est.) | 34.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$14.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $15.86 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68

Stock of broad money [time series]

$105.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $97.74 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$59.08 billion (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 41

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$74.17 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $85.57 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 50

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$342.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $360.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 33

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$31.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $33.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 60

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

38.6% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 48

Unemployment rate [time series]

5.4% (2015 est.) | 5.4% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

37 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 70

Crude oil - exports [time series]

34,090 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53

Crude oil - imports [time series]

104,700 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 47

Crude oil - production [time series]

41,280 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

67.2 million bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 78

Electricity - consumption [time series]

40 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 181

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

29% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

55.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 43

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

15.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 18

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 186

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

9.7 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Electricity - production [time series]

43 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

5.387 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 58

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116

Natural gas - production [time series]

5.241 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

36.9 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 68

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

160,700 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

5,345 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 94

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

46,360 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

119,300 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 70

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 268,838 sq km | land: 264,537 sq km | water: 4,301 sq km | note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands | country comparison to the world: 76

Area - comparative [time series]

almost twice the size of North Carolina; about the size of Colorado

Climate [time series]

temperate with sharp regional contrasts

Coastline [time series]

15,134 km

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 388 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation

Geographic coordinates [time series]

41 00 S, 174 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

almost 90% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world

Irrigated land [time series]

7,210 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

0 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 43.2% | arable land 1.8%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 41.1% | forest: 31.4% | other: 25.4% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia

Map references [time series]

Oceania

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Natural hazards [time series]

earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity | volcanism: significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (elev. 2,797 m), which last erupted in 2007, has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island

Natural resources [time series]

natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone

Terrain [time series]

predominately mountainous with large coastal plains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast

Capital [time series]

name: Wellington | geographic coordinates: 41 18 S, 174 47 E | time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April | note: New Zealand has two time zones - New Zealand standard time (12 hours in advance of UTC), and Chatham Islands time (45 minutes in advance of New Zealand standard time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of New Zealand | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

Constitution [time series]

Constitution Act 1986 (the principal formal charter) adopted and effective 1 January 1987; amended 1999, 2005, 2014 (2016)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: none | conventional short form: New Zealand | abbreviation: NZ | etymology: Dutch explorer Abel TASMAN was the first European to reach New Zealand in 1642; he named it Staten Landt, but Dutch cartographers renamed it Nova Zeelandia in 1645 after the Dutch province of Zeeland; British explorer Captain James COOK subsequently anglicized the name to New Zealand when he mapped the islands in 1769

Dependent areas [time series]

Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Mark GILBERT (since 9 February 2015) note - also accredited to Samoa | embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington | mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 | telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 | FAX: [64] (4) 499-0490 | consulate(s) general: Auckland

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Timothy John GROSER (since 28 January 2016) | chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 | FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227[1] (202) 667-5227 | consulate(s) general: Honolulu (HI), Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016) | head of government: Prime Minister John KEY (since 19 November 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Simon William ENGLISH (since 19 November 2008) | cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister | elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation

Government type [time series]

parliamentary democracy (New Zealand Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence [time series]

26 September 1907 (from the UK)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices including the chief justice); note - the Supreme Court in 2004 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London as the final appeals court | judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the attorney-general; justices appointed for life | subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; High Court; tribunals and authorities; district courts; specialized courts for issues related to employment, environment, Maori lands, and military

Legal system [time series]

common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (usually 120 seats; 70 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies, including 7 Maori constituencies, by simple majority vote and 50 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms) | elections: last held on 20 September 2014 (next to be held by September 2017) | election results: percent of vote by party - National Party 47%, Labor Party 25.1%, Green Party 10.7%, NZ First 8.7%, Maori 1.3%, ACT Party .7%, United Future .2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - National Party 60, Labor Party 32, Green Party 14, NZ First 11, Maori 2, ACT Party 1, United Future 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "God Defend New Zealand" | lyrics/music: Thomas BRACKEN [English], Thomas Henry SMITH [Maori]/John Joseph WOODS | note: adopted 1940 as national song, adopted 1977 as co-national anthem; New Zealand has two national anthems with equal status; as a commonwealth realm, in addition to "God Defend New Zealand," "God Save the Queen" serves as a national anthem (see United Kingdom); "God Save the Queen" normally played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, "God Defend New Zealand" is played

National holiday [time series]

Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); ANZAC Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)

National symbol(s) [time series]

Southern Cross constellation (four, five-pointed stars), kiwi (bird), silver fern; national colors: black, white, red (ochre)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL | other: apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori; nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. That same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both world wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances. New Zealand assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2015-16 term.

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force (Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, RNZAF) (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.13% of GDP (2012) | 1.12% of GDP (2011) | 1.13% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 87

Military service age and obligation [time series]

17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription; 3 years of secondary education required; must be a citizen of NZ, the UK, Australia, Canada, or the US, and resident of NZ for the previous 5 years (2013)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 19.76% (male 452,810/female 431,198) | 15-24 years: 13.56% (male 312,032/female 294,662) | 25-54 years: 40.05% (male 897,549/female 894,394) | 55-64 years: 11.7% (male 255,381/female 268,012) | 65 years and over: 14.94% (male 308,949/female 359,562) (2016 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

13.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 148

Death rate [time series]

7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 54% | youth dependency ratio: 31.1% | elderly dependency ratio: 22.9% | potential support ratio: 4.4% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

6.4% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 16

Ethnic groups [time series]

European 71.2%, Maori 14.1%, Asian 11.3%, Pacific peoples 7.6%, Middle Eastern, Latin American, African 1.1%, other 1.6%, not stated or unidentified 5.4% | note: based on the 2013 census of the usually resident population; percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic group (2013 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

11% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 20

Hospital bed density [time series]

2.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 5 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183

Languages [time series]

English (de facto official) 89.8%, Maori (de jure official) 3.5%, Samoan 2%, Hindi 1.6%, French 1.2%, Northern Chinese 1.2%, Yue 1%, other or not stated 20.5%, New Zealand Sign Language (de jure official) | note: shares sum to 120.8% due to multiple responses on census (2013 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 81.2 years | male: 79.1 years | female: 83.3 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 28

Major urban areas - population [time series]

Auckland 1.344 million; WELLINGTON (capital) 383,000 (2015)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

11 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144

Median age [time series]

total: 37.8 years | male: 36.9 years | female: 38.7 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

27.8 | note: median age at first birth (2009 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: New Zealander(s) | adjective: New Zealand

Net migration rate [time series]

2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 44

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

30.6% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 34

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.74 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population [time series]

4,474,549 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126

Population growth rate [time series]

0.8% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 137

Religions [time series]

Christian 44.3% (Catholic 11.6%, Anglican 10.8%, Presbyterian and Congregational 7.8%, Methodist, 2.4%, Pentecostal 1.8%, other 9.9%), Hindu 2.1%, Buddhist 1.4%, Maori Christian 1.3%, Islam 1.1%, other religion 1.4% (includes Judaism, Spiritualism and New Age religions, Baha'i, Asian religions other than Buddhism), no religion 38.5%, not stated or unidentified 8.2%, objected to answering 4.1% | note: based on the 2013 census of the usually resident population; percentages add up to more than 100% because people were able to identify more than one religion (2013 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 19 years | male: 18 years | female: 20 years (2014)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.03 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 15% | male: 14.3% | female: 15.8% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 86.3% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 1.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)

Illicit drugs [time series]

significant consumer of amphetamines

Transportation

Airports [time series]

123 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 48

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 39 | over 3,047 m: 2 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 | 914 to 1,523 m: 23 | under 914 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 84 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 | 914 to 1,523 m: 33 | under 914 m: 48 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

ZK (2016)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 15 | by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 2 | foreign-owned: 7 (Germany 2, Hong Kong 1, South Africa 1, Switzerland 2, UK 1) | registered in other countries: 5 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Cook Islands 2, Samoa 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 101

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 6 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 123 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 15,304,409 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 999,384,961 mt-km (2015)

Pipelines [time series]

condensate 331 km; gas 1,936 km; liquid petroleum gas 172 km; oil 288 km; refined products 198 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington

Railways [time series]

total: 4,128 km | narrow gauge: 4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2014) | country comparison to the world: 42

Roadways [time series]

total: 94,902 km | paved: 62,759 km (includes 199 km of expressways) | unpaved: 32,143 km (2012) | country comparison to the world: 50