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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

radio is the main broadcast medium; privately owned Zodiac radio has the widest national broadcasting reach, followed by state-run radio; about a dozen private and community radio stations broadcast in cities and towns around the country; the largest TV network is government-owned, but two private TV networks now broadcast in urban areas and more plan to begin broadcasting in 2014; relays of multiple international broadcasters are available (2014)

Internet country code [time series]

.mw

Internet users [time series]

total: 1.67 million | percent of population: 9.3% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 135

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: rudimentary; two fixed-line and two mobile-cellular operators govern the market | domestic: limited fixed-line subscribership of about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services are expanding but network coverage is limited and is based around the main urban areas; mobile-cellular subscribership about 30 per 100 persons | international: country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 45,678 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 6.116 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sorghum, pulses, groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: $1.26 billion | expenditures: $1.51 billion (2015 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-3.9% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 141

Central bank discount rate [time series]

15% (31 December 2009) | 15% (31 December 2008) | country comparison to the world: 12

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

44.9% (31 December 2015 est.) | 44.29% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 2

Current account balance [time series]

-$568 million (2015 est.) | -$494 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 101

Debt - external [time series]

$1.715 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $1.637 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

39 (2004) | country comparison to the world: 69

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's most densely populated and least developed countries. The country’s economic performance has historically been constrained by policy inconsistency, macroeconomic instability, limited connectivity to the region and the world, and poor health and education outcomes that limit labor productivity. The economy is predominately agricultural with about 80% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for about one-third of GDP and 90% of export revenues. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for more than half of exports. | The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In 2006, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries program. Between 2005 and 2009 Malawi’s government exhibited improved financial discipline under the guidance of Finance Minister Goodall GONDWE and signed a three-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility worth $56 million. The government announced infrastructure projects that could yield improvements, such as a new oil pipeline for better fuel access, and the potential for a waterway link through Mozambican rivers to the ocean for better transportation options. | Since 2009, however, Malawi has experienced some setbacks, including a general shortage of foreign exchange, which has damaged its ability to pay for imports, and fuel shortages that hinder transportation and productivity. In October 2013, the African Development Bank, the IMF, several European countries, and the US indefinitely froze $150 million in direct budgetary support in response to a high level corruption scandal, called “Cashgate,” citing a lack of trust in the government’s financial management system and civil service. Most of the frozen donor funds — which accounted for 40% of the budget — have been channeled through non-governmental organizations in the country. The government has failed to address barriers to investment such as unreliable power, water shortages, poor telecommunications infrastructure, and the high costs of services. Investment had fallen continuously for several years, but rose 4 percentage points in 2014 to 17% of GDP. | The government faces many challenges, including developing a market economy, improving educational facilities, addressing environmental problems, dealing with HIV/AIDS, and satisfying foreign donors on anti-corruption efforts.

Exchange rates [time series]

Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar - | 499.6 (2015 est.) | 424.9 (2014 est.) | 424.9 (2013 est.) | 249.11 (2012 est.) | 156.93 (2011 est.)

Exports [time series]

$1.278 billion (2015 est.) | $1.528 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 150

Exports - commodities [time series]

tobacco 53%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel (2010 est.)

Exports - partners [time series]

Belgium 15.8%, Zimbabwe 12%, India 6.9%, South Africa 6.2%, US 6%, Russia 5.6%, Germany 4.6% (2015)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$6.416 billion (2015 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$20.36 billion (2015 est.) | $19.78 billion (2014 est.) | $18.71 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 145

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 32.7% | industry: 17.2% | services: 50.1% (2015 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,100 (2015 est.) | $1,100 (2014 est.) | $1,100 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 223

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3% (2015 est.) | 5.7% (2014 est.) | 5.2% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102

Gross national saving [time series]

-12.7% of GDP (2015 est.) | -9.9% of GDP (2014 est.) | -16.6% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3% | highest 10%: 31.9% (2004)

Imports [time series]

$2.607 billion (2015 est.) | $2.744 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 152

Imports - commodities [time series]

food, petroleum products, semi-manufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment

Imports - partners [time series]

South Africa 26.4%, China 16.7%, India 12%, Zambia 10.3%, Tanzania 6% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

4.1% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 50

Industries [time series]

tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

21.2% (2015 est.) | 24.4% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 220

Labor force [time series]

5.747 million (2007 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 90% | industry and services: 10% (2003 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$753.6 million (31 December 2012 est.) | $1.384 billion (31 December 2011 est.) | $1.363 billion (31 December 2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108

Population below poverty line [time series]

52.4% (2004 est.)

Public debt [time series]

54.2% of GDP (2015 est.) | 58.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 72

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$693.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $625.2 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 139

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.481 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $1.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 164

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$NA

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$724.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $826.6 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$512.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $567.9 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 163

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

19.6% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 163

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

1.9 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 151

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 158

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 165

Electricity - consumption [time series]

1.9 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 142

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

0.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 211

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

99.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 173

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

400,000 kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 151

Electricity - production [time series]

2.1 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 135

Electricity access [time series]

population without electricity: 14,900,000 | electrification - total population: 9% | electrification - urban areas: 32% | electrification - rural areas: 4% (2013)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 143

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 es) | country comparison to the world: 168

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

7,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 202

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

6,843 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 209

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 118,484 sq km | land: 94,080 sq km | water: 24,404 sq km | country comparison to the world: 100

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Climate [time series]

sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 779 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m | highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates [time series]

13 30 S, 34 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature; it contains more fish species than any other lake on earth

Irrigated land [time series]

740 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,857 km | border countries (3): Mozambique 1,498 km, Tanzania 512 km, Zambia 847 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 59.2% | arable land 38.2%; permanent crops 1.4%; permanent pasture 19.6% | forest: 34% | other: 6.8% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Southern Africa, east of Zambia, west and north of Mozambique

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite

Terrain [time series]

narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

28 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga, Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Neno, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba

Capital [time series]

name: Lilongwe | geographic coordinates: 13 58 S, 33 47 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Malawi | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Constitution [time series]

previous 1953 (preindependence), 1966; latest drafted January to May 1994, approved 16 May 1994, entered into force 18 May 1995; amended several times, last in 2013 (2016)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Malawi | conventional short form: Malawi | local long form: Dziko la Malawi | local short form: Malawi | former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland | etymology: named for the East African Maravi kingdom of the 16th century; the word "maravi" means "fire flames"

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Virginia E. PALMER (since 5 February 2015) | embassy: 16 Jomo Kenyatta Road, Lilongwe 3 | mailing address: P.O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi | telephone: [265] (1) 773-166 | FAX: [265] (1) 770-471

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Edward Yakobe SAWERENGERA (since 16 September 2016) | chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 721-0270 | FAX: [1] (202) 721-0288

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Arthur Peter MUTHARIKA (since 31 May 2014); Vice President Saulos CHILIMA (since 31 May 2014); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Arthur Peter MUTHARIKA (since 31 May 2014); Vice President Saulos CHILIMA (since 31 May 2014) | cabinet: Cabinet named by the president | elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 May 2014 (next to be held in May 2019) | election results: Peter MUTHARIKA elected president; percent of vote - Peter MUTHARIKA (DPP) 36.4%, Lazarus CHAKWERA (MCP) 27.8%, Joyce BANDA (PP) 20.2%, Atupele MULUZI (UDF) 13.7%, other 1.9%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered on the black band; black represents the native peoples, red the blood shed in their struggle for freedom, and green the color of nature; the rising sun represents the hope of freedom for the continent of Africa

Government type [time series]

presidential republic

Independence [time series]

6 July 1964 (from the UK)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; other judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, which regulates judicial officers; judges serve until age 65 | subordinate courts: High Court; magistrate courts; Industrial Relations Court; district and city traditional or local courts

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 20-22 May 2014 (next to be held in May 2019) | election results: percent of vote by party - DPP 22.0%, MCP 17.4%, PP 18.5%, UDF 9.6%, other 2.8%, independent 29.7%; seats by party - DPP 51, MCP 48, PP 26, UDF 14, other 2, independent 52

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Mulungu dalitsa Malawi" (Oh God Bless Our Land of Malawi) | lyrics/music: Michael-Fredrick Paul SAUKA | note: adopted 1964

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)

National symbol(s) [time series]

lion; national colors: black, red, green

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Godfrey SHAWA] | Chipani Cha Fuko or CCP [Davis KATSONGA PHIRI]; note - party disbanded in fall of 2015 | Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA] | Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Lazarus CHAKWERA] | People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA] | United Democratic Front or UDF [Atupele MULUZI]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, and development) | Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human rights) | Malawi Economic Justice Network or MEJN (pro economic growth, development, government accountability) | Malawi Law Society (an umbrella organization of all lawyers in Malawi) | Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy, development, peace and unity)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA, the country held multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution that came into full effect the following year. President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after a failed attempt by the previous president to amend the constitution to permit another term, struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor and subsequently started his own party, the Democratic Progressive Party in 2005. MUTHARIKA was reelected to a second term in May 2009. He oversaw some economic improvement in his first term, but was accused of economic mismanagement and poor governance in his second term. He died abruptly in April 2012 and was succeeded by vice president, Joyce BANDA, who had earlier started her own party, the People's Party. MUTHARIKA's brother, Peter MUTHARIKA, defeated BANDA in the May 2014 election. Population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, corruption, and the scourge of HIV/AIDS pose major problems for Malawi.

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Malawi Defense Forces (MDF): Army (includes Air Wing, Marine Unit) (2012)

Military expenditures [time series]

0.93% of GDP (2012) | 0.79% of GDP (2011) | 0.93% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 104

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service; high school equivalent required for enlisted recruits and college equivalent for officer recruits; initial engagement is 7 years for enlisted personnel and 10 years for officers (2014)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 46.53% (male 4,299,076/female 4,341,129) | 15-24 years: 20.49% (male 1,889,240/female 1,915,843) | 25-54 years: 27.26% (male 2,512,247/female 2,549,766) | 55-64 years: 3.03% (male 268,691/female 294,713) | 65 years and over: 2.69% (male 220,608/female 279,008) (2016 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

41.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 7

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 993,318 | percentage: 26% (2006 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

16.7% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 52

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

46.1% (2010)

Death rate [time series]

8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 94

Demographic profile [time series]

Malawi has made great improvements in maternal and child health, but has made less progress in reducing its high fertility rate. In both rural and urban areas, very high proportions of mothers are receiving prenatal care and skilled birth assistance, and most children are being vaccinated. Malawi’s fertility rate, however, has only declined slowly, decreasing from more than 7 children per woman in the 1980s to about 5.5 today. Nonetheless, Malawians prefer smaller families than in the past, and women are increasingly using contraceptives to prevent or space pregnancies. Rapid population growth and high population density is putting pressure on Malawi’s land, water, and forest resources. Reduced plot sizes and increasing vulnerability to climate change, further threaten the sustainability of Malawi’s agriculturally based economy and will worsen food shortages. About 80% of the population is employed in agriculture. | Historically, Malawians migrated abroad in search of work, primarily to South Africa and present-day Zimbabwe, but international migration became uncommon after the 1970s, and most migration in recent years has been internal. During the colonial period, Malawians regularly migrated to southern Africa as contract farm laborers, miners, and domestic servants. In the decade and a half after independence in 1964, the Malawian Government sought to transform its economy from one dependent on small-scale farms to one based on estate agriculture. The resulting demand for wage labor induced more than 300,000 Malawians to return home between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s. In recent times, internal migration has generally been local, motivated more by marriage than economic reasons.

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 94.5% | youth dependency ratio: 87.9% | elderly dependency ratio: 6.7% | potential support ratio: 14.9% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

6.9% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 60

Ethnic groups [time series]

Chewa 32.6%, Lomwe 17.6%, Yao 13.5%, Ngoni 11.5%, Tumbuka 8.8%, Nyanja 5.8%, Sena 3.6%, Tonga 2.1%, Ngonde 1%, other 3.5%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

9.11% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

26,700 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 11

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

976,300 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 10

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

11.4% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 35

Hospital bed density [time series]

1.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 44.8 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 51.5 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 38 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 44

Languages [time series]

English (official), Chichewa (common), Chinyanja, Chiyao, Chitumbuka, Chilomwe, Chinkhonde, Chingoni, Chisena, Chitonga, Chinyakyusa, Chilambya

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 61.2 years | male: 59.2 years | female: 63.2 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 197

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 65.8% | male: 73% | female: 58.6% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever | water contact disease: schistosomiasis | animal contact disease: rabies (2016)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

LILONGWE (capital) 905,000; Blantyre-Limbe 808,000 (2015)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

634 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 24

Median age [time series]

total: 16.5 years | male: 16.3 years | female: 16.6 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 226

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

18.9 | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Malawian(s) | adjective: Malawian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

4.3% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 168

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population [time series]

18,570,321 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62

Population growth rate [time series]

3.32% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 2

Religions [time series]

Christian 82.6%, Muslim 13%, other 1.9%, none 2.5% (2008 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 11 years | male: 11 years | female: 11 years (2011)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.54 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 8.6% | male: 9.1% | female: 8.2% (2013 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 16.3% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 3.77% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake; the conflict was reignited in 2012 when Malawi awarded a license to a British company for oil exploration in the lake

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 11,315 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 5,260 (Rwanda) (2015); nearly 11,500 (Mozambique) (2016) | IDPs: 107,000 (floods in 2015) (2015)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

32 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 113

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 7 | over 3,047 m: 1 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 25 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 11 | under 914 m: 13 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

7Q (2016)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 1 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 2 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,010 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 5,467 mt-km (2015)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

lake port(s): Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba (Lake Nyasa)

Railways [time series]

total: 767 km | narrow gauge: 767 km 1.067-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 98

Roadways [time series]

total: 15,450 km | paved: 6,951 km | unpaved: 8,499 km (2011) | country comparison to the world: 120

Waterways [time series]

700 km (on Lake Nyasa [Lake Malawi] and Shire River) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 75