ARCHIVE // BD // 2016

Bangladesh

2016 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) operates 1 terrestrial TV station, 3 radio networks, and about 10 local stations; 8 private satellite TV stations and 3 private radio stations also broadcasting; foreign satellite TV stations are gaining audience share in the large cities; several international radio broadcasters are available (2007)
Internet country code [time series]
.bd
Internet users [time series]
total: 24.33 million | percent of population: 14.4% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: inadequate for a modern country; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF and UHF microwave radio relay links, and some fiber-optic cable in cities | domestic: fixed-line teledensity remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has been increasing rapidly and now approaches 80 telephones per 100 persons | international: country code - 880; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 830,800 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 74
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 133.72 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 79 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry
Budget [time series]
revenues: $20.96 billion | expenditures: $30.75 billion (2015 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
-4.8% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 157
Central bank discount rate [time series]
5% (31 December 2010) | 5% (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 78
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
11.71% (31 December 2015 est.) | 12.95% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 67
Current account balance [time series]
-$2.176 billion (2015 est.) | -$120 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 35
Debt - external [time series]
$35.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $34.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
32.1 (2010) | 33.6 (1996) | country comparison to the world: 110
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Bangladesh's economy has grown roughly 6% per year since 1996 despite political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, slow implementation of economic reforms, and the 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the services sector, almost half of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. | Garment exports, the backbone of Bangladesh's industrial sector, accounted for more than 80% of total exports and surpassed $25 billion in 2015. The sector continues to grow, despite a series of factory accidents that have killed more than 1,000 workers, and crippling strikes, including a nationwide transportation blockade implemented by the political opposition during the first several months of 2015. Steady garment export growth combined with remittances from overseas Bangladeshis - which totaled about $15 billion and 8% of GDP in 2015 - are the largest contributors to Bangladesh's sustained economic growth and rising foreign exchange reserves.
Exchange rates [time series]
taka (BDT) per US dollar - | 77.947 (2015 est.) | 77.641 (2014 est.) | 77.614 (2013 est.) | 81.86 (2012 est.) | 74.152 (2011 est.)
Exports [time series]
$31.74 billion (2015 est.) | $29.92 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62
Exports - commodities [time series]
garments, knitwear, agricultural products, frozen food (fish and seafood), jute and jute goods, leather
Exports - partners [time series]
US 13.9%, Germany 12.9%, UK 8.9%, France 5%, Spain 4.7% (2015)
Fiscal year [time series]
1 July - 30 June
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$202.3 billion (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$577 billion (2015 est.) | $536.5 billion (2014 est.) | $496.6 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 35
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 72.4% | government consumption: 5.4% | investment in fixed capital: 28.9% | investment in inventories: 0.7% | exports of goods and services: 17.3% | imports of goods and services: -24.7% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 15.5% | industry: 28.1% | services: 56.3% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$3,600 (2015 est.) | $3,400 (2014 est.) | $3,300 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 179
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
6.4% (2015 est.) | 6.3% (2014 est.) | 6% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 18
Gross national saving [time series]
26.7% of GDP (2015 est.) | 25.8% of GDP (2014 est.) | 26.2% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 34
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: 4% | highest 10%: 27% (2010 est.)
Imports [time series]
$37.63 billion (2015 est.) | $37.41 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57
Imports - commodities [time series]
cotton, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, foodstuffs
Imports - partners [time series]
China 22.4%, India 14.1%, Singapore 5.2% (2015)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
9.7% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12
Industries [time series]
jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tea, salt, sugar, edible oils, soap and detergent, fabricated metal products, electricity, natural gas
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
6.2% (2015 est.) | 7% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 189
Labor force [time series]
81.95 million | note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances were $15 billion in 2015, 8% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 7
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 47% | industry: 13% | services: 40% (2010 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$50.98 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $41.73 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $23.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Population below poverty line [time series]
31.5% (2010 est.)
Public debt [time series]
31.9% of GDP (2015 est.) | 27.3% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$27.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $22.31 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Stock of broad money [time series]
$107.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $95.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]
$188 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $159 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 94
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$12.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $10.03 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 89
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$113 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $103 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$21.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $18.99 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
10.4% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 212
Unemployment rate [time series]
4.9% (2015 est.) | 5% (2014 est.) | note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many persons counted as employed work only a few hours a week and at low wages | country comparison to the world: 49
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
66 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53
Crude oil - exports [time series]
313 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88
Crude oil - imports [time series]
23,660 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65
Crude oil - production [time series]
4,000 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 85
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
28 million bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 83
Electricity - consumption [time series]
46 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55
Electricity - exports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 107
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
97.7% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
2.3% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 158
Electricity - imports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 122
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
8.6 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 70
Electricity - production [time series]
53 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56
Electricity access [time series]
population without electricity: 60,300,000 | electrification - total population: 60% | electrification - urban areas: 90% | electrification - rural areas: 49% (2013)
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
23.9 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 34
Natural gas - exports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64
Natural gas - imports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 163
Natural gas - production [time series]
23.9 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 28
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
233 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 42
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
109,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
2,567 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
77,730 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 58
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
27,930 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 89
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 148,460 sq km | land: 130,170 sq km | water: 18,290 sq km | country comparison to the world: 95
Area - comparative [time series]
slightly smaller than Iowa
Climate [time series]
tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Coastline [time series]
580 km
Elevation [time series]
mean elevation: 85 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m | highest point: Keokradong 1,230 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; waterborne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geographic coordinates [time series]
24 00 N, 90 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal
Irrigated land [time series]
53,000 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 4,413 km | border countries (2): Burma 271 km, India 4,142 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 70.1% | arable land 59%; permanent crops 6.5%; permanent pasture 4.6% | forest: 11.1% | other: 18.8% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India
Map references [time series]
Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 18 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | continental shelf: to the outer limits of the continental margin
Natural hazards [time series]
droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season
Natural resources [time series]
natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
Terrain [time series]
mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
8 divisions; Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet
Capital [time series]
name: Dhaka | geographic coordinates: 23 43 N, 90 24 E | time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Citizenship [time series]
citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bangladesh | dual citizenship recognized: yes, but limited to select countries | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Constitution [time series]
previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (preindependence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986; amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh | conventional short form: Bangladesh | local long form: Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh | local short form: Bangladesh | former: East Bengal, East Pakistan | etymology: the name - a compound of the Bengali words "Bangla" (Bengal) and "desh" (country) - means "Country of Bengal"
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Marcia BERNICAT (since 12 January 2015) | embassy: Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka 1212 | mailing address: G. P. O. Box 323, Dhaka 1000 | telephone: [880] (2) 5566-2000 | FAX: [880] (2) 5566-2915
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Mohammad ZIAUDDIN (since 18 September 2014) | chancery: 3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 244-0183 | FAX: [1] (202) 244-2771 | consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President Abdul HAMID (since 24 April 2013); note - Abdul HAMID served as acting president following the death of Zillur RAHMAN in March 2013; HAMID was subsequently indirectly elected by the National Parliament and sworn in 24 April 2013 | head of government: Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA (since 6 January 2009) | cabinet: Cabinet selected by the prime minister, appointed by the president | elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the National Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 April 2013 (next to be held by 2018); the president appoints as prime minister the majority party leader in the National Parliament | election results: President Abdul HAMID (AL) elected by the National Parliament unopposed; Sheikh HASINA reappointed prime minister as leader of the majority AL party
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side of center; the red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh
Government type [time series]
parliamentary republic
Independence [time series]
16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan)
International law organization participation [time series]
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation [time series]
ADB, ARF, BIMSTEC, C, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Bangladesh (organized into the Appellate Division with 7 justices and the High Court Division with 99 justices) | judge selection and term of office: chief justice and justices appointed by the president; justices serve until retirement at age 67 | subordinate courts: subordinate courts: civil courts include: Assistant Judge's Court; Joint District Judge's Court; Additional District Judge's Court; District Judge's Court; criminal courts include: Court of Sessions; Court of Metropolitan Sessions; Metropolitan Magistrate Courts; Magistrate Court; special courts/tribunals
Legal system [time series]
mixed legal system of mostly English common law and Islamic law
Legislative branch [time series]
description: unicameral House of the Nation or Jatiya Sangsad (350 seats; 300 members in single-seat territorial constituencies directly elected by simple majority popular vote; 50 members - reserved for women only - indirectly elected by the elected members by proportional representation vote using the single transferable vote method; all members serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 5 January 2014 (next to be held by January 2019); note - the 5 January 2014 poll was marred by widespread violence, boycotts, general strikes, and low voter turnout | election results: percent of vote by party - AL-led Alliance 79%, JP (Ershad) 11.3%, WP 2.1%, JSD 1.8%, other parties 1.0%, independent 4.8%; seats by party - AL 234, JP 34, WP 6, JSD 5, other 5, independent 15; 1 seat repolled
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "Amar Shonar Bangla" (My Golden Bengal) | lyrics/music: Rabindranath TAGORE | note: adopted 1971; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote India's national anthem
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day, 26 March (1971); Victory Day, 16 December (1971); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of the Awami League's declaration of an independent Bangladesh, and 16 December, known as Victory Day, memorializes the military victory over Pakistan and the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
National symbol(s) [time series]
Bengal tiger, water lily; national colors: green, red
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA] | Bangladesh Nationalist Front or BNF [Abdul Kalam AZADI] | Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA] | Bangladesh Tariqat Federation or BTF [Syed Nozibul Bashar MAIZBHANDARI] | Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD] | Jatiya Party or JP (Manju faction) [Anwar Hossain MANJU] | Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Oli AHMED] | National Socialist Party or JSD [KHALEQUZZAMAN] | Workers Party or WP [Rashed Khan MENON]
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
Ain o Salish Kendro (Centre for Law and Mediation) or ASK (legal aid and civil rights) | Bangladesh Center for Worker Solidarity | Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee or BRAC | Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry | Ministry of Women's and Children's Affairs or MoWCA (advocacy group to end gender-based violence) | Odikhar (human rights group) | other: associations of madrassa teachers; business associations, including those intended to promote international trade; development and advocacy NGOs associated with the Grameen Bank; environmentalists; Islamist groups; labor rights advocacy groups; NGOs focused on poverty alleviation, and international trade; religious leaders; tribal groups and advocacy organizations; union leaders
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
Muslim conversions and settlement in the region now referred to as Bangladesh began in the 10th century, primarily from Arab and Persian traders and preachers. Europeans established trading posts in the area in the 16th century. Eventually the area known as Bengal, primarily Hindu in the western section and mostly Muslim in the eastern half, became part of British India. Partition in 1947 resulted in an eastern wing of Pakistan in the Muslim-majority area, which became East Pakistan. Calls for greater autonomy and animosity between the eastern and western wings of Pakistan led to a Bengali independence movement. That movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won the independence war for Bangladesh in 1971, during which at least 300,000 civilians died. | The post-independence AL government faced daunting challenges and in 1975 was overthrown by the military, triggering a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in 1978. That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections occurred in 1991. The BNP and AL alternated in power between 1991 and 2013, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime that suspended parliamentary elections planned for January 2007 in an effort to reform the political system and root out corruption. That government returned the country to fully democratic rule in December 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. In January 2014, the incumbent AL won the national election by an overwhelming majority after the BNP boycotted, extending HASINA's term as prime minister. With the help of international development assistance, Bangladesh has reduced the poverty rate from over half of the population to less than a third, achieved Millennium Development Goals for maternal and child health, and made great progress in food security since independence. The economy has grown at an annual average of about 6% over the last two decades and the country reached World Bank lower-middle income status in 2015.
Military and Security
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Bangladesh Defense Force: Bangladesh Army (Sena Bahini), Bangladesh Navy (Noh Bahini, BN), Bangladesh Air Force (Biman Bahini, BAF) (2013)
Military expenditures [time series]
1.09% of GDP (2014) | 1.15% of GDP (2013) | 1.35% of GDP (2012) | 1.44% of GDP (2011) | 1.35% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 86
Military service age and obligation [time series]
16-19 years of age for voluntary military service; Bangladeshi birth and 10th grade education required; initial obligation 15 years (2012)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 28.27% (male 22,456,564/female 21,695,491) | 15-24 years: 19.53% (male 15,261,363/female 15,247,635) | 25-54 years: 39.39% (male 29,565,250/female 31,951,537) | 55-64 years: 6.77% (male 5,232,828/female 5,342,822) | 65 years and over: 6.04% (male 4,493,557/female 4,939,835) (2016 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
19 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 89
Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]
total number: 4,485,497 | percentage: 13% (2006 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
32.6% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 5
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
61.2% (2011)
Death rate [time series]
5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 179
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 52.5% | youth dependency ratio: 44.9% | elderly dependency ratio: 7.6% | potential support ratio: 13.2% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 86.5% of population | rural: 87% of population | total: 86.9% of population | urban: 13.5% of population | rural: 13% of population | total: 13.1% of population (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
2% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 161
Ethnic groups [time series]
Bengali at least 98%, ethnic groups 1.1% | note: Bangladesh's government recognizes 27 ethnic groups under the 2010 Cultural Institution for Small Anthropological Groups Act; other sources estimate there are about 75 ethnic groups; critics of the 2011 census claim that it underestimates the size of Bangladesh's ethnic population (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
0.01% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 130
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
900 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
9,600 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 96
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
2.8% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 169
Hospital bed density [time series]
0.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 32.9 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 35.2 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 30.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61
Languages [time series]
Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 73.2 years | male: 71 years | female: 75.4 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 133
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 61.5% | male: 64.6% | female: 58.5% (2015 est.)
Major infectious diseases [time series]
degree of risk: high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations | water contact disease: leptospirosis | animal contact disease: rabies (2016)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
DHAKA (capital) 17.598 million; Chittagong 4.539 million; Khulna 1.022 million; Rajshahi 844,000 (2015)
Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]
176 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
Median age [time series]
total: 26.3 years | male: 25.6 years | female: 26.9 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147
Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]
18.5 | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2014 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Bangladeshi(s) | adjective: Bangladeshi
Net migration rate [time series]
-3.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 180
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
3.3% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 190
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
0.36 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
Population [time series]
156,186,882 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9
Population growth rate [time series]
1.05% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112
Religions [time series]
Muslim 89.1%, Hindu 10%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist, Christian) (2013 est.)
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 57.7% of population | rural: 62.1% of population | total: 60.6% of population | urban: 42.3% of population | rural: 37.9% of population | total: 39.4% of population (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]
total: 10 years | male: 10 years | female: 10 years (2011)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female | total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
2.19 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 8.7% | male: 8.3% | female: 9.2% (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 34.3% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 3.55% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Indian Prime Minister Singh's September 2011 visit to Bangladesh resulted in the signing of a Protocol to the 1974 Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh, which had called for the settlement of longstanding boundary disputes over undemarcated areas and the exchange of territorial enclaves, but which had never been implemented; Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 32,000 Rohingya, Burmese Muslim minority from Arakan State, living as refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200 km (124 mi) wire fence designed to deter illegal cross-border transit and tensions from the military build-up along border
Illicit drugs [time series]
transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries
Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]
refugees (country of origin): 231,948 (Burma) (2015) | IDPs: 426,000 (violence, human rights violations, religious persecution, natural disasters) (2015)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
18 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 139
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 16 | over 3,047 m: 2 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 | under 914 m: 5 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 2 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]
S2 (2016)
Heliports [time series]
3 (2013)
Merchant marine [time series]
total: 62 | by type: bulk carrier 25, cargo 28, chemical tanker 1, container 5, petroleum tanker 3 | foreign-owned: 8 (China 1, Singapore 7) | registered in other countries: 10 (Comoros 1, Hong Kong 1, Panama 5, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 64
National air transport system [time series]
number of registered air carriers: 6 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 30 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,906,799 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 182,692,553 mt-km (2015)
Pipelines [time series]
gas 2,950 km (2013)
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
major seaport(s): Chittagong | river port(s): Mongla Port (Sela River) | container port(s): Chittagong (1,392,104) (2011)
Railways [time series]
total: 2,460 km | broad gauge: 659 km 1.676-m gauge | narrow gauge: 1,801 km 1.000-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 65
Roadways [time series]
total: 21,269 km | paved: 2,021 km | unpaved: 19,248 km (2010) | country comparison to the world: 106
Transportation - note [time series]
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Bangladesh remain a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2014, attacks against commercial vessels increased to 21 over 12 such incidents in 2013
Waterways [time series]
8,370 km (includes up to 3,060 km of main cargo routes; network reduced to 5,200 km in the dry season) (2011) | country comparison to the world: 16