ARCHIVE // BW // 2016

Botswana

2016 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned; privately owned satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned national radio stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast locally (2007)
Internet country code [time series]
.bw
Internet users [time series]
total: 600,000 | percent of population: 27.5% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: Botswana is participating in regional development efforts; expanding fully digital system with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the east as well as a system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relays links, and radiotelephone communication stations | domestic: fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and now stands at roughly 7 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity now pushing 160 telephones per 100 persons | international: country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 160,490 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 3.475 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 159 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 131
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts
Budget [time series]
revenues: $5.112 billion | expenditures: $5.526 billion (2015 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
-3.2% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120
Central bank discount rate [time series]
6% (31 December 2015) | 7.5% (31 December 2014) | country comparison to the world: 67
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
7.95% (31 December 2015 est.) | 9% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108
Current account balance [time series]
$1.202 billion (2015 est.) | $2.496 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 37
Debt - external [time series]
$2.221 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $2.384 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
60.5 (2009) | country comparison to the world: 6
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for one quarter of GDP, approximately 85% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. Tourism is the secondary earner of foreign exchange and many Batswana engage in subsistence farming and cattle raising. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $17,700 in 2015. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. | Botswana's economy is highly correlated with global economic trends because of its heavy reliance on a single luxury export. According to official government statistics, unemployment is 19.5%, but unofficial estimates run much higher. De Beers, a major international diamond company, signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 and moved its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone in 2013. The move was geared to support the development of Botswana's nascent downstream diamond industry. | Following the 2008 global recession Botswana’s economy recovered in 2010. However, the Government of Botswana estimates the economy grew by only 1% in 2015. This was primarily due to the downturn in the global diamond market; water and power shortages also played a role. In October 2015 President Ian KHAMA announced a stimulus plan to boost the economy through projects in agricultural production, construction, manufacturing, and tourism development. In 2016, Botswana entered its fourth year of drought, detrimental to Botswana’s small, but vital agriculture sector. | The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens the country's impressive economic gains.
Exchange rates [time series]
pulas (BWP) per US dollar - | 10.1263 (2015 est.) | 8.9761 (2014 est.) | 8.9761 (2013 est.) | 7.62 (2012 est.) | 6.8382 (2011 est.)
Exports [time series]
$6.274 billion (2015 est.) | $8.514 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 103
Exports - commodities [time series]
diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles
Fiscal year [time series]
1 April - 31 March
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$12.86 billion (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$34.84 billion (2015 est.) | $34.96 billion (2014 est.) | $33.88 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 122
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 47.2% | government consumption: 17.4% | investment in fixed capital: 29.5% | investment in inventories: 7.2% | exports of goods and services: 52.3% | imports of goods and services: -53.6% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 1.9% | industry: 30.2% | services: 67.9% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$16,400 (2015 est.) | $16,600 (2014 est.) | $16,300 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 99
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
-0.3% (2015 est.) | 3.2% (2014 est.) | 9.9% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 198
Gross national saving [time series]
38.9% of GDP (2015 est.) | 46.2% of GDP (2014 est.) | 42.2% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: NA% | highest 10%: NA%
Imports [time series]
$7.09 billion (2015 est.) | $7.991 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 111
Imports - commodities [time series]
foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
-10.6% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 195
Industries [time series]
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; livestock processing; textiles
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
3.1% (2015 est.) | 4.4% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 140
Labor force [time series]
1.155 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 140
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: NA% | industry: NA% | services: NA%
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$4.588 billion (31 December 2012 est.) | $4.107 billion (31 December 2011 est.) | $4.076 billion (31 December 2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 86
Population below poverty line [time series]
30.3% (2003 est.)
Public debt [time series]
19.6% of GDP (2015 est.) | 16.6% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 159
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$7.546 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $8.323 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 82
Stock of broad money [time series]
$8.293 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | $7.635 billion (31 December 2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$1.614 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $1.272 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 148
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$1.223 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $1.388 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 143
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
39.7% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 44
Unemployment rate [time series]
20% (2013 est.) | 17.8% (2009 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
4.4 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 133
Crude oil - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98
Crude oil - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 159
Crude oil - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 107
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
0 bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 106
Electricity - consumption [time series]
3.7 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132
Electricity - exports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
100% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 4
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 48
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156
Electricity - imports [time series]
1.7 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
100,000 kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169
Electricity - production [time series]
2.2 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 182
Electricity access [time series]
population without electricity: 700,000 | electrification - total population: 66% | electrification - urban areas: 75% | electrification - rural areas: 54% (2013)
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117
Natural gas - exports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61
Natural gas - imports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160
Natural gas - production [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
0 cu m (1 January 2014 es) | country comparison to the world: 111
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
23,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 134
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 155
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
22,400 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 581,730 sq km | land: 566,730 sq km | water: 15,000 sq km | country comparison to the world: 48
Area - comparative [time series]
slightly smaller than Texas
Climate [time series]
semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Coastline [time series]
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation [time series]
mean elevation: 1,013 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m | highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
overgrazing; desertification; limited freshwater resources
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geographic coordinates [time series]
22 00 S, 24 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country
Irrigated land [time series]
20 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 4,347.15 km | border countries (4): Namibia 1,544 km, South Africa 1,969 km, Zambia 0.15 km, Zimbabwe 834 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 45.8% | arable land 0.6%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 45.2% | forest: 19.8% | other: 34.4% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Map references [time series]
Africa
Maritime claims [time series]
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards [time series]
periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
Natural resources [time series]
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
Terrain [time series]
predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
10 districts and 6 town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, North East, North West, Selebi-Phikwe*, South East, Southern, Sowa Town*
Capital [time series]
name: Gaborone | geographic coordinates: 24 38 S, 25 54 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Citizenship [time series]
citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Botswana | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Constitution [time series]
previous 1960 (preindependence); latest adopted March 1965, effective 30 September 1966; amended several times, last in 2006 (2016)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Republic of Botswana | conventional short form: Botswana | local long form: Republic of Botswana | local short form: Botswana | former: Bechuanaland | etymology: the name Botswana means "Land of the Tswana" - referring to the country's major ethnic group
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador Earl R. MILLER (since 30 January 2015) | embassy: Embassy Drive, Government Enclave (off Khama Crescent), Gaborone | mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone | telephone: [267] 395-3982 | FAX: [267] 318-0232
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador David John NEWMAN (since 3 August 2015) | chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 | telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990 | FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164 | consulate(s) general: Atlanta
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Mokgweetsi Eric MASISI (since 12 November 2014); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Mokgweetsi Eric MASISI (since 12 November 2014) | cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president | elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019); vice president appointed by the president | election results: Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center; the blue symbolizes water in the form of rain, while the black and white bands represent racial harmony
Government type [time series]
parliamentary republic
Independence [time series]
30 September 1966 (from the UK)
International law organization participation [time series]
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation [time series]
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Court of Appeal, High Court (each consists of a chief justice and a number of other judges as prescribed by the Parliament) | judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal and High Court chief justices appointed by the president and other judges appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Service Commission; all judges appointed to serve until age 70 | subordinate courts: Industrial Court (with circuits scheduled monthly in the capital city and in 3 districts); Magistrates Courts (1 in each district); Customary Court of Appeal; Paramount Chief's Court/Urban Customary Court; Senior Chief's Representative Court; Chief's Representative’s Court; Headman's Court
Legal system [time series]
mixed legal system of civil law influenced by the Roman-Dutch model and also customary and common law
Legislative branch [time series]
description: unicameral Parliament consists of the National Assembly (63 seats; 57 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 4 nominated by the president and indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the rest of the National Assembly, and 2 ex-officio members - the president and attorney general; elected members serve 5-year terms); note - the House of Chiefs (Ntlo ya Dikgosi), an advisory body to the National Assembly, consists of 35 members - 8 hereditary chiefs from Botswana's principal tribes, 22 indirectly elected by the chiefs, and 5 appointed by the president; the House of Chiefs consults on issues including powers of chiefs, customary courts, customary law, tribal property, and constitutional amendments | elections: National Assembly elections last held on 24 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019) | election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 46.5%, UDC 30.0%, BCP 20.4%, independent 3.1%; seats by party - BDP 37, UDC 17, BCP 3
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "Fatshe leno la rona" (Our Land) | lyrics/music: Kgalemang Tumedisco MOTSETE | note: adopted 1966
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)
National symbol(s) [time series]
zebra; national colors: blue, white, black
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO] | Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO] | Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Ian KHAMA] | Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Ndaba GAOLATLHE] | Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO] | Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI] | Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (includes BMD, BPP, and BNF)
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
First People of the Kalahari (Bushman organization) | Pitso Ya Ba Tswana | Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga elites) | other: diamond mining companies
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name at independence in 1966. More than four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most stable economies in Africa. The ruling Botswana Democratic Party has won every election since independence; President Ian KHAMA was reelected for a second term in 2014. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.
Military and Security
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Botswana Defense Force (BDF): Ground Forces Command, Air Wing Command, Defense Logistics Command, Special Forces Group (2013)
Military expenditures [time series]
2% of GDP (2013) | 2.31% of GDP (2012) | 2.43% of GDP (2011) | 2.31% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 34
Military service age and obligation [time series]
18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 32.4% (male 364,807/female 350,888) | 15-24 years: 21.32% (male 234,251/female 236,650) | 25-54 years: 37.61% (male 444,290/female 386,622) | 55-64 years: 4.55% (male 45,186/female 55,272) | 65 years and over: 4.13% (male 36,216/female 55,026) (2016 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
20.7 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 77
Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]
total number: 45,036 | percentage: 9% | note: data represent children ages 7-17 (2006 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
11.2% (2008) | country comparison to the world: 66
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
52.8% | note: percent of women aged 12-49 (2007/08)
Death rate [time series]
13.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13
Demographic profile [time series]
Botswana has experienced one of the most rapid declines in fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. The total fertility rate has fallen from more than 5 children per woman in the mid 1980s to approximately 2.4 in 2013. The fertility reduction has been attributed to a host of factors, including higher educational attainment among women, greater participation of women in the workforce, increased contraceptive use, later first births, and a strong national family planning program. Botswana was making significant progress in several health indicators, including life expectancy and infant and child mortality rates, until being devastated by the HIV/AIDs epidemic in the 1990s. | Today Botswana has the third highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in the world at approximately 22%, however comprehensive and effective treatment programs have reduced HIV/AIDS-related deaths. The combination of declining fertility and increasing mortality rates because of HIV/AIDS is slowing the population aging process, with a narrowing of the youngest age groups and little expansion of the oldest age groups. Nevertheless, having the bulk of its population (about 60%) of working age will only yield economic benefits if the labor force is healthy, educated, and productively employed. | Batswana have been working as contract miners in South Africa since the 19th century. Although Botswana’s economy improved shortly after independence in 1966 with the discovery of diamonds and other minerals, its lingering high poverty rate and lack of job opportunities continued to push workers to seek mining work in southern African countries. In the early 1970s, about a third of Botswana’s male labor force worked in South Africa (lesser numbers went to Namibia and Zimbabwe). Not until the 1980s and 1990s, when South African mining companies had reduced their recruitment of foreign workers and Botswana’s economic prospects had improved, were Batswana increasingly able to find job opportunities at home. | Most Batswana prefer life in their home country and choose cross-border migration on a temporary basis only for work, shopping, visiting family, or tourism. Since the 1970s, Botswana has pursued an open migration policy enabling it to recruit thousands of foreign workers to fill skilled labor shortages. In the late 1990s, Botswana’s prosperity and political stability attracted not only skilled workers but small numbers of refugees from neighboring Angola, Namibia, and Zimbabwe.
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 55.3% | youth dependency ratio: 49.7% | elderly dependency ratio: 5.6% | potential support ratio: 17.9% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 99.2% of population | rural: 92.3% of population | total: 96.2% of population | urban: 0.8% of population | rural: 7.7% of population | total: 3.8% of population (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
9.6% of GDP (2009) | country comparison to the world: 5
Ethnic groups [time series]
Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
22.21% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 2
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
3,200 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 30
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
348,900 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 19
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
5.4% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 132
Hospital bed density [time series]
1.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 8.9 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145
Languages [time series]
Setswana 77.3%, Sekalanga 7.4%, Shekgalagadi 3.4%, English (official) 2.8%, Zezuru/Shona 2%, Sesarwa 1.7%, Sembukushu 1.6%, Ndebele 1%, other 2.8% (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 54.5 years | male: 56.3 years | female: 52.6 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 213
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 88.5% | male: 88% | female: 88.9% (2015 est.)
Major infectious diseases [time series]
degree of risk: high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne disease: malaria (2016)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
GABORONE (capital) 247,000 (2014)
Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]
129 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61
Median age [time series]
total: 23.2 years | male: 23.4 years | female: 23.1 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169
Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]
19 (2007 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) | adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Net migration rate [time series]
4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 28
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
19.5% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 128
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
0.4 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
Population [time series]
2,209,208 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145
Population growth rate [time series]
1.19% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 96
Religions [time series]
Christian 79.1%, Badimo 4.1%, other 1.4% (includes Baha'i, Hindu, Muslim, Rastafarian), none 15.2%, unspecified 0.3% (2011 est.)
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 78.5% of population | rural: 43.1% of population | total: 63.4% of population | urban: 21.5% of population | rural: 56.9% of population | total: 36.6% of population (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]
total: 13 years | male: 13 years | female: 13 years (2013)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.15 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.82 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female | total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
2.3 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 36% | male: 29.6% | female: 43.5% (2010 est.)
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 57.4% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 1.29% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
none
Trafficking in persons [time series]
current situation: Botswana is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; young Batswana serving as domestic workers, sometimes sent by their parents, may be denied education and basic necessities or experience confinement and abuse indicative of forced labor; Batswana girls and women also are forced into prostitution domestically; adults and children of San ethnicity were reported to be in forced labor on farms and at cattle posts in the country’s rural west | tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Botswana does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; an anti-trafficking act was passed at the beginning of 2014, but authorities did not investigate, prosecute, or convict any offenders or government officials complicit in trafficking or operationalize victim identification and referral procedures based on the new law; the government sponsored a radio campaign to familiarize the public with the issue of human trafficking (2015)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
74 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 70
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 10 | over 3,047 m: 2 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 64 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 | 914 to 1,523 m: 46 | under 914 m: 13 (2013)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]
A2 (2016)
National air transport system [time series]
number of registered air carriers: 1 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 6 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 194,005 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 94,729 mt-km (2015)
Railways [time series]
total: 888 km | narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 93
Roadways [time series]
total: 17,916 km | note: includes 8,916 km of Public Highway Network roads (6,116 km paved and 2,800 km unpaved) and 9,000 km of District Council roads (2011) | country comparison to the world: 117