ARCHIVE // MO // 2015

Macau

2015 Edition — special_admin

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
local government dominates broadcast media; 2 television stations operated by the government with one broadcasting in Portuguese and the other in Cantonese and Mandarin; 1 cable TV and 4 satellite TV services available; 3 radio stations broadcasting, of which 2 are government-operated (2012)
Internet country code [time series]
.mo
Internet users [time series]
total: 270,200 | percent of population: 48.3% (2009) | country comparison to the world: 150
Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]
AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2009)
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services | domestic: termination of monopoly over mobile-cellular telephone services in 2001 spurred sharp increase in subscriptions with mobile-cellular teledensity exceeding 200 per 100 persons; fixed-line subscribership appears to have peaked and is now in decline | international: country code - 853; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; HF radiotelephone communication facility; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total: 160,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2012) | country comparison to the world: 133
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 1.6 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 279 (2012) | country comparison to the world: 154
Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]
1 (2009)
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong
Budget [time series]
revenues: $23.3 billion | expenditures: $4.931 billion (2014 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
35.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 1
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
5.3% (31 December 2014 est.) | 5.25% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 149
Current account balance [time series]
$20.77 billion (2013 est.) | $17.39 billion (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20
Debt - external [time series]
$0 (31 December 2013) | $0 (31 December 2012) | country comparison to the world: 205
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
35 (2013) | 38 (2008) | country comparison to the world: 90
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Since opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, Macau has attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment, transforming the territory into one of the world's largest gaming centers. Macau's gaming and tourism businesses were fueled by China's decision to relax travel restrictions on Chinese citizens wishing to visit Macau. In 2014, Macau's gaming-related taxes accounted for more than 83% of total government revenue. Macau's economy slowed dramatically in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown, but strong growth resumed in 2010-13, largely on the back of tourism from mainland China and the gaming sectors. In 2014, this city of 636,200 hosted nearly 31.5 million visitors. Almost 67% came from mainland China. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has slowed greatly since the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. Services export—primarily gaming—increasingly has driven Macau’s economic performance. Mainland China’s ongoing anti-corruption campaign has brought Macau’s gambling boom to a halt, with spending in casinos contracting 2.6% in 2014. As a result, Macau's inflation-adjusted GDP contracted 0.4% from 2013, down from double-digit expansion rates in 2010-13. Non-inflation adjusted exports of goods and services dropped 0.4% from 2013, reflecting the slowdown in gaming exports. Macau continues to face the challenges of managing its growing casino industry, risks from money-laundering activities, and the need to diversify the economy away from heavy dependence on gaming revenues. Macau's currency, the pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory.
Exchange rates [time series]
patacas (MOP) per US dollar - | 7.99 (2014 est.) | 7.9893 (2013 est.) | 7.99 (2012 est.) | 8.0182 (2011 est.) | 8.0022 (2010 est.)
Exports [time series]
$1.137 billion (2013 est.) | $1.384 billion (2012 est.) | note: includes reexports | country comparison to the world: 158
Exports - commodities [time series]
clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts
Exports - partners [time series]
Hong Kong 58.6%, China 15.7% (2014 est.)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$51.68 billion (2013 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$51.68 billion (2013 est.) | $46.19 billion (2012 est.) | $42.34 billion (2011 est.) | note: data are in 2013 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 106
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 18.5% | government consumption: 6.5% | investment in fixed capital: 16.7% | investment in inventories: 0% | exports of goods and services: 101.7% | imports of goods and services: -43.4% | (2014 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 0% | industry: 5.9% | services: 94.1% (2014 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$88,700 (2013 est.) | $79,900 (2010 est.) | $73,900 (2009 est.) | country comparison to the world: 4
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
11.9% (2013 est.) | 9.1% (2012 est.) | 21.3% (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 1
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: NA% | highest 10%: NA%
Imports [time series]
$10.13 billion (2013 est.) | $8.866 billion (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100
Imports - commodities [time series]
raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, garments and footwear, motor vehicles), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils
Imports - partners [time series]
China 33.2%, Hong Kong 10.3%, Switzerland 9.1%, France 8.4%, Italy 6.9%, US 6.5%, Japan 5.6% (2014 est.)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
10% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 11
Industries [time series]
tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
6% (2014 est.) | 5.5% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 182
Labor force [time series]
367,800 (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 159
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
manufacturing: 2.5% | construction: 9.8% | transport and communications: 4.4% | wholesale and retail trade: 12.4% | restaurants and hotels: 15% | gambling: 25.9% | public sector: 7.1% | financial services: 2.6% | other services: 20.3% (2013)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$85.5 billion (2 March 2012 est.) | $46.1 billion (31 February 2011) | $2.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) | country comparison to the world: 44
Population below poverty line [time series]
NA%
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$16.15 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | note: the Fiscal Reserves Act that came into force on 1 January 2012 requires the fiscal reserves to be separated from the foreign exchange reserves and to be managed separately; the transfer of assets took place in February 2012 | country comparison to the world: 69
Stock of broad money [time series]
$64.67 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $55.29 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]
$1.166 billion (2012 est.) | $667.8 million (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$18.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.) | $14.91 billion (31 December 2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$-4.956 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $-5.517 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 188
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$7.17 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $7.35 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
45.1% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 25
Unemployment rate [time series]
1.9% (2013 est.) | 1.9% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 11
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
1.694 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 155
Crude oil - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 148
Crude oil - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 87
Crude oil - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 195
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160
Electricity - consumption [time series]
4.291 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120
Electricity - exports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
100% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 22
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 182
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 198
Electricity - imports [time series]
3.855 billion kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 44
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
472,000 kW (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144
Electricity - production [time series]
413.7 million kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
355,000 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114
Natural gas - exports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 137
Natural gas - imports [time series]
371,000 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76
Natural gas - production [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 159
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 163
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
11,600 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 152
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 194
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
5,780 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 28.2 sq km | land: 28.2 sq km | water: 0 sq km | country comparison to the world: 237
Area - comparative [time series]
less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC
Climate [time series]
subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline [time series]
41 km
Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m | highest point: Coloane Alto 172 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
NA
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)
Geographic coordinates [time series]
22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note [time series]
essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges
Irrigated land [time series]
NA; note - included in the total for China
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 3 km | regional border (1): China 3 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 0% | arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 0% | forest: 0% | other: 100% (urban area) (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references [time series]
Southeast Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
not specified
Natural hazards [time series]
typhoons
Natural resources [time series]
NEGL
Terrain [time series]
generally flat
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
none (special administrative region of the People's Republic of China)
Constitution [time series]
previous 1976 (Organic Statute of Macau, by Portugal); latest adopted 31 March 1993, effective 20 December 1999 (Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region, by the People's Republic of China, serves as Macau's constitution) (2013)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region | conventional short form: Macau | official long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) | official short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Dependency status [time series]
special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
the US has no offices in Macau; US Consulate General in Hong Kong is accredited to Macau
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
none (Special Administrative Region of China)
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President of China XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013) | head of government: Chief Executive Fernando CHUI Sai On (since 20 December 2009) | cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the chief executive | elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); chief executive chosen by a 400-member Election Committee for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 August 2014 (next to be held in 2019); note - the Legislative Assembly in August 2012 voted to expand the Election Committee to 400 from 300 seats for the 2014 election | election results: Fernando CHUI Sai On reelected chief executive; Election Committee vote count - 380 of 396
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in the center of the arc and two smaller on either side; the lotus is the floral emblem of Macau, the three petals represent the peninsula and two islands that make up Macau; the five stars echo those on the flag of China
Government type [time series]
limited democracy
Independence [time series]
none (special administrative region of China)
International organization participation [time series]
ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Court of Final Appeal of Macau Special Administrative Region (consists of the court president and 2 associate justices) | judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the Macau chief executive upon the recommendation of an independent commission of judges, lawyers, and "eminent" persons; judge tenure NA | subordinate courts: Court of Second Instance; Court of First instance; Lower Court; Administrative Court
Legal system [time series]
civil law system based on the Portuguese model
Legislative branch [time series]
description: unicameral Legislative Council or Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (33 seats; 14 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 12 indirectly elected by an electoral college of professional and commercial interest groups, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve 4-year terms) | elections: last held on 15 September 2013 (next to be held in September 2017) | election results: percent of vote - ACUM 18.0%, UMG 11.1%, UPP 10.8%, NE 9.0%, NUDM 8.9%, UPD 8.2%, APMD 7.5%, ANMD 6.0%, APM 6.0%, other 14.5%; seats by political group - ACUM 3, UMG 2, UPP 2, NE 2, NUDM 1, UPD 1, APMD 1, ANMD 1, APM 1; 12 seats filled by professional and business groups; 7 members appointed by the chief executive
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
note: as a Special Administrative Region of China, "Yiyongjun Jinxingqu" is the official anthem (see China)
National holiday [time series]
National Day (anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
National symbol(s) [time series]
lotus blossom; national colors: green, white, yellow
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Alliance for Change or APM [Melinda CHAN Mei-yi] | Macau-Guangdong Union or UMG [MAK Soi-kun] | New Democratic Macau Association or ANMD (an electoral list of the New Macau Association) | New Hope or NE [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO] | New Macau Association or ANM [Sulu SOU Ka-hou] | New Union for Macau's Development or NUDM [Angela LEONG On-kei] | Prosperous Democratic Macau Association or APMD (an electoral list of the New Macau Association) | Union for Development or UPD [KWAN Tsui-hang] | Union for Promoting Progress or UPP [HO Ion-sang] | United Citizens Association of Macau or ACUM [CHAN Meng-kam] | note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
Bar-Bending Workers' Association [WONG Wai-Man] | Civic Power [Agnes LAM lok-fong] | Democratic Action [LEE Kin-yun] | Macau New Chinese Youth Association [LEONG Sin-man] | Macau Worker's Union [HO Heng-kuok] | New Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong] | Workers' Self-Help Union [CHEONG Weng-fat]
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age in direct elections for some legislative positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; note - indirect elections are limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (973 were registered in the 2009 legislative elections) and a 400-member Election Committee for the Chief Executive drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, central government bodies, and elected Macau officials
Introduction
Background [time series]
Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on 20 December 1999. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's political and economic system would not be imposed on Macau, and that Macau would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign affairs and defense for the subsequent 50 years.
Military
Manpower available for military service [time series]
males age 16-49: 150,780 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service [time series]
males age 16-49: 124,189 | females age 16-49: 149,514 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]
male: 4,274 | female: 3,674 (2010 est.)
Military - note [time series]
defense is the responsibility of China
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
no regular indigenous military forces
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 14.31% (male 44,335/female 40,481) | 15-24 years: 13.02% (male 40,337/female 36,862) | 25-54 years: 50.67% (male 133,897/female 166,418) | 55-64 years: 12.42% (male 37,118/female 36,527) | 65 years and over: 9.58% (male 26,555/female 30,201) (2015 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
8.88 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 211
Death rate [time series]
4.22 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 205
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 28.2% | youth dependency ratio: 16.7% | elderly dependency ratio: 11.5% | potential support ratio: 8.7% (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
3.3% of GDP (2012) | country comparison to the world: 148
Ethnic groups [time series]
Chinese 92.4%, Portuguese 0.6%, mixed 1.1%, other 5.9% (includes Macanese - mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
NA
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 3.12 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 3.27 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 2.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 214
Languages [time series]
Cantonese 83.3%, Mandarin 5%, Hokkien 3.7%, English 2.3%, other Chinese dialects 2%, Tagalog 1.7%, Portuguese 0.7%, other 1.3% | note: Chinese and Portuguese are official languages (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 84.51 years | male: 81.55 years | female: 87.61 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 4
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 96.2% | male: 98% | female: 94.6% (2015 est.)
Median age [time series]
total: 38.2 years | male: 38.7 years | female: 37.9 years (2015 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Chinese | adjective: Chinese
Net migration rate [time series]
3.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 37
Population [time series]
592,731 | note: Macau's statistical agency estimated the total population to be approximately 607,500 as of 31 December 2013 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170
Population growth rate [time series]
0.8% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138
Religions [time series]
Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none or other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.09 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 0.81 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female | total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
0.94 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 223
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 5.8% | male: 7% | female: 4.7% (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 100% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 1.78% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
none
Illicit drugs [time series]
transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China; consumer of opiates and amphetamines
Transportation
Airports [time series]
1 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 224
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 1 | over 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
Heliports [time series]
2 (2013)
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
major seaport(s): Macau
Roadways [time series]
total: 421 km | paved: 421 km (2013) | country comparison to the world: 200