ARCHIVE // MO // 1999

Macau

1999 Edition — special_admin

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Communications
Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]
AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 0
Radios [time series]
135,000 (1992 est.)
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station--1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]
200,000 (1997 est.)
Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]
0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)
Televisions [time series]
34,000 (1992 est.)
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture--products) [time series]
rice, vegetables
Budget [time series]
revenues: $1.3 billion expenditures: $1.07 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)
Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]
1 pataca (P) = 100 avos
Debt - external (Debt--external) [time series]
$0 (1996)
Economic aid (Economic aid--recipient) [time series]
$NA
Economic overview (Economy--overview) [time series]
The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries--toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about two-thirds of export earnings; the gambling industry probably represents over 40% of GDP. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Macau is scheduled to revert to Chinese administration on 20 December 1999.
Electricity - consumption (Electricity--consumption) [time series]
1.522 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity - exports (Electricity--exports) [time series]
3 million kWh (1996)
Electricity - imports (Electricity--imports) [time series]
400 million kWh (1996)
Electricity - production (Electricity--production) [time series]
1.125 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity - production by source (Electricity--production by source) [time series]
fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)
Exchange rates [time series]
patacas (P) per US$1--7.74 (1998), 7.99 (1997), 7.962 (1996), 8.034 (1993-95), 7.973 (1992); note--linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
Exports [time series]
$2.14 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
Exports - commodities (Exports--commodities) [time series]
textiles, clothing, toys, electronics, cement, footwear, machinery
Exports - partners (Exports--partners) [time series]
US 45%, EU 24%, Hong Kong 8%, China 6% (1997)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]
purchasing power parity--$6.9 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP--composition by sector) [time series]
agriculture: 1% industry: 40% services: 59% (1997)
Real GDP per capita (GDP--per capita) [time series]
purchasing power parity?$16,000 (1998 est.)
Real GDP growth rate (GDP--real growth rate) [time series]
-0.1% (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports [time series]
$2.075 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
Imports - commodities (Imports--commodities) [time series]
raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, lubricants
Imports - partners (Imports--partners) [time series]
China 29%, Hong Kong 25%, EU 12.4%, Japan 9% (1997)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
NA%
Industries [time series]
clothing, textiles, toys, electronics, footwear, tourism
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
3.5% (1997)
Labor force [time series]
277,676 (1997)
Labor force - by occupation (Labor force--by occupation) [time series]
industry 28%, restaurants and hotels 28%, other services 44%
Population below poverty line [time series]
NA%
Unemployment rate [time series]
3.8% (1998 est.)
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative (Area--comparative) [time series]
about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Climate [time series]
subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline [time series]
40 km
Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 174 m
Environment - current issues (Environment--current issues) [time series]
NA
International environmental agreements (Environment--international agreements) [time series]
party to: Ozone Layer Protection (extended from Portugal) signed, but not ratified: NA
Geographic coordinates [time series]
22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note (Geography--note) [time series]
essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Irrigated land [time series]
NA sq km
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km
Land use [time series]
arable land: 0% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 98% (1998 est.)
Location [time series]
Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references [time series]
Southeast Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
not specified
Natural hazards [time series]
NA
Natural resources [time series]
NEGL
Terrain [time series]
generally flat
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
2 districts (concelhos, singular--concelho); Ilhas, Macau
Capital [time series]
Macau
Constitution [time series]
17 February 1976, Organic Law of Macau; Macau's future constitution, the "Basic Law", promulgated by China's National People's Congress on 31 March 1993, will go into effect 20 December 1999
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: none conventional short form: Macau local long form: none local short form: Ilha de Macau
Data code [time series]
MC
Dependency status [time series]
Chinese territory under Portuguese administration; note--scheduled to revert to China on 20 December 1999
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
none (Chinese territory under Portuguese administration)
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO of Portugal (since 9 March 1996) head of government: Governor General Vasco Joachim Rocha VIEIRA (since 20 March 1991) cabinet: Consultative Council consists of a total of 15 members--five appointed by the governor, two nominated by the governor, five elected for a four-year term (two represent administrative bodies, one represents moral, cultural, and welfare interests, and two represent economic interests), and three statutory members elections: Portuguese president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; governor general appointed by the Portuguese president after consultation with the Legislative Assembly
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
the flag of Portugal is used
Government type [time series]
NA
Independence [time series]
none (Chinese territory under Portuguese administration; Portugal signed an agreement with China on 13 April 1987 to return Macau to Chinese administration on 20 December 1999; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Macau's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle for 50 years after transition)
International organization participation [time series]
CCC, ESCAP (associate), IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO
Judicial branch [time series]
Supreme Court, consisting of five magistrates including the president; lower court judges appointed for three-year terms by the governor
Legal system [time series]
Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch [time series]
unicameral Legislative Assembly (23 seats; 8 elected by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the governor; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held NA 2000) election results: percent of vote by party--NA; seats by party--APPEM 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UNIPRO 2, UPD 1, ANMD 1
National holiday [time series]
Day of Portugal, 10 June (1580)
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Uniao Promotora para o Progresso note: there are no formal political parties, but civic associations are used instead
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy procommunist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 the Macau Government acceded to Chinese demands that gave China veto power over administration
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Military
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
no regular military forces, Police Force
Military manpower - availability (Military manpower--availability) [time series]
males age 15-49: 121,355 (1999 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service (Military manpower--fit for military service) [time series]
males age 15-49: 66,744 (1999 est.)
Military - note (Military--note) [time series]
defense is currently the responsibility of Portugal, but will become the responsibility of China on 20 December 1999
People
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 24% (male 54,456; female 50,912) 15-64 years: 69% (male 142,575; female 158,132) 65 years and over: 7% (male 12,547; female 18,690) (1999 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
12.5 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate [time series]
3.48 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Ethnic groups [time series]
Chinese 95%, Portuguese 3%, other 2%
Infant mortality rate [time series]
4.23 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Languages [time series]
Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 81.88 years male: 78.79 years female: 85.13 years (1999 est.)
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Macanese (singular and plural) adjective: Macau
Net migration rate [time series]
9.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Population [time series]
437,312 (July 1999 est.)
Population growth rate [time series]
1.86% (1999 est.)
Religions [time series]
Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
1.27 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international (Disputes--international) [time series]
none
Transportation
Airports [time series]
1 (1998 est.)
Airports - with paved runways (Airports--with paved runways) [time series]
total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (1998 est.)
Roadways (Highways) [time series]
total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1996 est.)
Merchant marine [time series]
none
Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]
Macau
Railways [time series]
0 km