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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-funded and private TV stations; some provinces operate local TV stations; pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available; state-funded radio (2012)

Internet country code [time series]

.ly

Internet users [time series]

total: 1.4 million | percent of population: 21.8% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2001)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: telecommunications system is state-owned and service is poor, but investment is being made to upgrade; state retains monopoly in fixed-line services; mobile-cellular telephone system became operational in 1996 | domestic: multiple providers for a mobile telephone system that is growing rapidly; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has soared | international: country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cable to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (2010)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 710,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 89

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 10.1 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 161 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 85

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

12 (plus 1 repeater) (1999)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle

Budget [time series]

revenues: $19.55 billion | expenditures: $35.47 billion (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-38.7% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 218

Central bank discount rate [time series]

9.52% (31 December 2010) | 3% (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 23

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

6% (31 December 2014 est.) | 6% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 129

Current account balance [time series]

-$12.39 billion (2014 est.) | $8.895 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 181

Debt - external [time series]

$5.244 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $6.028 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 128

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Libya's economy is almost entirely dependent on the nation's energy sector, which generates about 65% of GDP and 96% of government revenue. Income from the sale of crude oil and natural gas, coupled with a small population, give Libya one of the highest nominal per capita GDPs in Africa, but Libya’s leaders have hindered economic development by, for the most part, failing to use these financial resources to invest in national infrastructure. Libyan sales of oil and natural gas collapsed during the Revolution of 2011, rebounded in 2012 and 2013, but then fell sharply in late 2013 and throughout 2014 due to major protest disruptions at Libyan oil ports and around the country. The state sector is large and growing, with the majority of the Libyan workforce receiving a government salary in 2014. Sharply decreased revenues and increased payments for state salaries and for subsidies on fuel and food resulted in an estimated budget deficit about 50% of GDP in 2014, up from about 4% in 2013. Libya’s economic transition away from Qadhafi’s notionally socialist model toward a market-based economy stalled as revenues shrank, political uncertainty grew, and security deteriorated. Rival political factions in late 2014 were competing for control of the central bank and the national oil company, while funding for economic reform and infrastructure projects has stopped.

Exchange rates [time series]

Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar - | 1.2724 (2014 est.) | 1.2724 (2013 est.) | 1.26 (2012 est.) | 1.224 (2011 est.) | 1.2668 (2010 est.)

Exports [time series]

$16.46 billion (2014 est.) | $46.02 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 77

Exports - commodities [time series]

crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals

Exports - partners [time series]

Italy 17.7%, France 13.1%, Germany 11.9%, Netherlands 8.5%, Switzerland 6.1%, Spain 6%, Greece 4.8%, Austria 4.3% (2014)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$41.15 billion (2014 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$97.94 billion (2014 est.) | $128.9 billion (2013 est.) | $149.1 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 84

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 2% | industry: 45.5% | services: 52.5% (2014 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$15,900 (2014 est.) | $20,900 (2013 est.) | $24,200 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 101

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

-24% (2014 est.) | -13.6% (2013 est.) | 104.5% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 224

Gross national saving [time series]

1.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | 37.3% of GDP (2013 est.) | 45% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 173

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% | highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$20.43 billion (2014 est.) | $34.05 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products

Imports - partners [time series]

Italy 15.1%, China 12.3%, Turkey 11.8%, Egypt 5.7%, South Korea 5.1%, Tunisia 4.7%, Spain 4.4% (2014)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

-32.3% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 201

Industries [time series]

petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.8% (2014 est.) | 2.6% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 121

Labor force [time series]

1.438 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 134

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 17% | industry: 23% | services: 59% (2004 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA% | note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line

Public debt [time series]

6.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | 3.5% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$61.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $89.25 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 34

Stock of broad money [time series]

$54.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $53.34 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$20.91 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $20.16 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$16.04 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $16.04 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 82

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$-16.48 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $-38.46 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 190

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$48.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $49.61 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 50

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

47.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 21

Unemployment rate [time series]

30% (2004 est.) | country comparison to the world: 186

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

54.6 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56

Crude oil - exports [time series]

735,000 bbl/day | note: Libyan crude oil export values are highly volatile because of continuing protests and other disruptions across the country (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 18

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 89

Crude oil - production [time series]

470,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 30

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

48.36 billion bbl (1 January 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9

Electricity - consumption [time series]

27.54 billion kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64

Electricity - exports [time series]

14 million kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

99.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98

Electricity - imports [time series]

61 million kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

7.121 million kW (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 69

Electricity - production [time series]

31.94 billion kWh (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

6.487 billion cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 54

Natural gas - exports [time series]

5.513 billion cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 29

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 94

Natural gas - production [time series]

12 billion cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 40

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

1.549 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 22

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

242,000 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

35,630 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

108,500 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

171,600 bbl/day (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 58

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 1,759,540 sq km | land: 1,759,540 sq km | water: 0 sq km | country comparison to the world: 17

Area - comparative [time series]

about 2.5 times the size of Texas; slightly larger than Alaska

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

Coastline [time series]

1,770 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m | highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

desertification; limited natural freshwater resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, brings water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 4.33 cu km/yr (14%/3%/83%) | per capita: 796.1 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

25 00 N, 17 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert

Irrigated land [time series]

4,700 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,339 km | border countries (6): Algeria 989 km, Chad 1,050 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 342 km, Sudan 382 km, Tunisia 461 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 8.8% | arable land 1%; permanent crops 0.2%; permanent pasture 7.6% | forest: 0.1% | other: 91.1% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm | note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north | exclusive fishing zone: 62 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms

Natural resources [time series]

petroleum, natural gas, gypsum

Terrain [time series]

mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions

Total renewable water resources [time series]

0.7 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

22 districts (shabiyat, singular - shabiyat); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Murzuq, Nalut, Sabha, Surt, Tarabulus, Wadi al Hayat, Wadi ash Shati

Capital [time series]

name: Tripoli (Tarabulus) | geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a citizen of Libya | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: varies from 3 to 5 years

Constitution [time series]

previous 1951, 1977; latest 2011 (interim); note - the Constitution Drafting Assembly continued drafting a new constitution as of early 2015 (2015)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Libya | local long form: none | local short form: Libiya | note: the name derives from the Libu, an ancient Libyan tribe first mentioned in texts from the 13th century B.C.

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Peter William BODDE (since 21 December 2015) | note: on 11 September 2012, US Ambassador Christopher STEVENS and three other American diplomats were killed in an attack by heavily armed militants on a US diplomatic post in the eastern city of Benghazi; the US Government evacuated its Embassy in Tripoli in July 1014 | embassy: Sidi Slim Area/Walie Al-Ahed Road, Tripoli | mailing address: US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850 | telephone: [218] (0) 91-220-3239

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Wafa M.T. BUGHAIGHIS (since 5 December 2014) | chancery: 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20037 | telephone: [1] (202) 944-9601 | FAX: [1] (202) 944-9606

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: Speaker of the House of Representatives Aqilah Salah ISSA (since 5 August 2014) | head of government: Prime Minister Abdullah al-THINI (since 11 March 2014); Deputy Prime Ministers Abd al-Salam al-BADRI (since 4 August 2014), Al-Mahdi Hasan Muftah al-LABAD (since 4 August 2014), Abd al-Rahman al-Tahir al-UHAYRISH (since 4 August 2014) | cabinet: new cabinet approved by the House of Representatives in September 2014 | elections/appointments: prime minister and speaker of the house elected by the House of Representatives | election results: NA

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three horizontal bands of red (top), black (double width), and green with a white crescent and star centered on the black stripe; the National Transitional Council reintroduced this flag design of the former Kingdom of Libya (1951-1969) on 27 February 2011; it replaced the former all-green banner promulgated by the QADHAFI regime in 1977; the colors represent the three major regions of the country: red stands for Fezzan, black symbolizes Cyrenaica, and green denotes Tripolitania; the crescent and star represent Islam, the main religion of the country

Government type [time series]

operates under a transitional government

Independence [time series]

24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): NA; note - government in transition

Legal system [time series]

Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Council of Deputies or Majlis Al Nuwab (200 seats including 32 reserved for women; members elected by direct popular vote; member term NA) | elections: election last held in June 2014; note - the Libyan Supreme Court in November 2014 declared the House election unconstitutional, but the Council rejected te ruling; no country has officially recognized the rival government | election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 200; note - not all 200 seats were filled in the June election because of boycotts and lack of security at some polling stations; some elected members of the Council also boycotted the election

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Allahu Akbar" (God Is Greatest) | lyrics/music: Mahmoud el-SHERIF/Abdalla Shams el-DIN | note: adopted 1969; originally a battle song for the Egyptian Army in the 1956 Suez War

National holiday [time series]

Liberation Day, 23 October (2011)

National symbol(s) [time series]

star and crescent, hawk; national colors: red, black, green

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Al-Watan (Homeland) Party | Justice and Construction Party or JCP [Mohamed SOWAN] | National Forces Alliance or NFA [Mahmoud JIBRIL] (includes many political organizations, NGOs, and independents) | National Front (initially the National Front for the Salvation of Libya, formed in 1981 as a diaspora opposition group) | Union for the Homeland [Abd al-Rahman al-SUWAYHILI] | note: partial list of the larger political parties and leaders

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age, universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership and began to espouse his political system at home, which was a combination of socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners - one over Scotland, another in Northern Africa - and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically following the attacks; sanctions were lifted in 2003 following Libyan acceptance of responsibility for the bombings and agreement to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya's program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations. Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in late 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in early 2011. QADHAFI's brutal crackdown on protesters spawned a civil war that triggered UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community. After months of seesaw fighting between government and opposition forces, the QADHAFI regime was toppled in mid-2011 and replaced by a transitional government. Libya in 2012 formed a new parliament and elected a new prime minister. The country subsequently elected a new parliament in 2014, but remnants of the outgoing legislature refused to leave office and created a rival government. The UN since September 2014 has been working to reconcile the governments and encouraging them to form a national unity government.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,775,078 | females age 16-49: 1,714,194 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,511,144 | females age 16-49: 1,458,934 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 59,547 | female: 57,070 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

note - in transition; government has affiliated Army, Air Force, and Navy forces (2015)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for mandatory or voluntary service (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 26.52% (male 869,583/female 830,751) | 15-24 years: 17.77% (male 588,243/female 551,139) | 25-54 years: 46.62% (male 1,567,608/female 1,421,246) | 55-64 years: 4.97% (male 163,133/female 155,703) | 65 years and over: 4.12% (male 132,740/female 131,630) (2015 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

18.03 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

5.6% (2007) | country comparison to the world: 86

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

41.9% (2007)

Death rate [time series]

3.58 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 214

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 52.4% | youth dependency ratio: 45.5% | elderly dependency ratio: 6.9% | potential support ratio: 14.5% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

Ethnic groups [time series]

Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

4.3% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 162

Hospital bed density [time series]

3.7 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 11.48 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 12.42 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 10.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 125

Languages [time series]

Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 76.26 years | male: 74.54 years | female: 78.06 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 91% | male: 96.7% | female: 85.6% (2015 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

TRIPOLI (capital) 1.126 million (2015)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

9 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102

Median age [time series]

total: 28 years | male: 28.2 years | female: 27.8 years (2015 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Libyan(s) | adjective: Libyan

Net migration rate [time series]

7.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 15

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

31.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 35

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population [time series]

6,411,776 | note: immigrants make up just over 12% of the total population, according to UN data (2013) (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108

Population growth rate [time series]

2.23% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 38

Religions [time series]

Muslim (official; virtually all Sunni) 96.6%, Christian 2.7%, Buddhist 0.3%, Hindu <.1, Jewish <.1, folk religion <.1, unafilliated 0.2%, other <.1 | note: non-Sunni Muslims include native Ibadhi Muslims (<1% of the population) and foreign Muslims (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.05 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 113

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 48.7% | male: 40.8% | female: 67.8% (2012 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 78.6% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 1.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 18,653 (Syria); 5,391 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2014) | IDPs: more than 434,000 (conflict between pro-Qadhafi and anti-Qadhafi forces in 2011; post-Qadhafi tribal clashes 2014) (2015)

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Libya is a destination and transit country for men and women from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia subjected to forced labor and forced prostitution; migrants who seek employment in Libya as laborers and domestic workers or transit Libya en route to Europe may be subject to forced labor; private employers also recruit migrants from detention centers as forced laborers on farms and construction sites; some sub-Saharan women are reportedly forced to work in Libyan brothels, particularly in the country’s south; militia groups and other informal military units allegedly conscript children under the age of 18 | tier rating: Tier 3 - the Libyan Government does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government failed to demonstrate significant efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders in 2013 or to identify and protect trafficking victims; authorities continued to treat trafficking victims as illegal migrants, punishing them for unlawful acts that were committed as a result of being trafficked; no public anti-trafficking awareness or education campaigns were conducted (2014)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

146 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 41

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 68 | over 3,047 m: 23 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 30 | 914 to 1,523 m: 7 | under 914 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 78 | over 3,047 m: 2 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 | 914 to 1,523 m: 37 | 20 (2013)

Heliports [time series]

2 (2013)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 23 | by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 1 | foreign-owned: 2 (Kuwait 1, Norway 1) | registered in other countries: 6 (Hong Kong 1, Malta 5) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 91

Pipelines [time series]

condensate 882 km; gas 3,743 km; oil 7,005 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Marsa al Burayqah (Marsa el Brega), Tripoli | oil terminal(s): Az Zawiyah, Ra's Lanuf | LNG terminal (export): Marsa el Brega

Roadways [time series]

total: 100,024 km | paved: 57,214 km | unpaved: 42,810 km (2003) | country comparison to the world: 45