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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-owned TV station established in 1999; cable TV service offers dozens of Indian and other international channels; first radio station, privately launched in 1973, is now state-owned; 5 private radio stations are currently broadcasting (2012)

Internet country code [time series]

.bt

Internet users [time series]

total: 203,100 | percent of population: 27.7% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 155

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 0, FM 9, shortwave 1 (2007)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: urban towns and district headquarters have telecommunications services | domestic: low teledensity; domestic service is poor especially in rural areas; mobile-cellular service, started in 2003, is now widely available | international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (2012)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 23,800 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 628,300 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 86 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

1 (2007)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

rice, corn, root crops, citrus; dairy products, eggs

Budget [time series]

revenues: $407.1 million | expenditures: $614 million | note: the government of India finances nearly one-quarter of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-9.9% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 203

Central bank discount rate [time series]

NA%

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

14% (31 December 2014 est.) | 14% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49

Current account balance [time series]

-$459 million (2014 est.) | -$553.3 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99

Debt - external [time series]

$1.707 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $1.578 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 150

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

38.7 (2012) | 38.1 (2007) | country comparison to the world: 70

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Bhutan's economy, small and less developed, is based largely on hydropower, agriculture, and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than half of the population. Because rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive, industrial production is primarily of the cottage industry type. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and is dependent on India for financial assistance and migrant laborers for development projects, especially for road construction. Multilateral development organizations administer most educational, social, and environment programs, and take into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Complicated controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. Bhutan’s largest export - hydropower to India - could spur sustainable growth in the coming years if Bhutan resolves chronic delays in construction. Bhutan currently taps only 5% of its 30,000-megawatt hydropower potential and is behind schedule in building 12 new hydropower dams with a combined capacity of 10,000 megawatts by 2020 in accordance with a deal signed in 2008 with India. The high volume of imported materials to build hydropower plants has expanded Bhutan's trade and current account deficits. However, Bhutan and India in April 2014 agreed to begin four additional hydropower projects, which would generate 2,120 megawatts in total. A declining GDP growth rate in each of the past three years in the absence of new hydropower facilities has constrained Bhutan’s ability to institute economic reforms. Bhutan inked a pact in December 2014 to expand duty-free trade with Bangladesh, the only trade partner with which Bhutan enjoys a surplus.

Exchange rates [time series]

ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar - | 60.42 (2014 est.) | 58.6 (2013 est.) | 53.44 (2012 est.) | 46.67 (2011 est.) | 45.73 (2010 est.)

Exports [time series]

$650.3 million (2014 est.) | $352 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170

Exports - commodities [time series]

electricity (to India), ferrosilicon, cement, calcium carbide, copper wire, manganese, vegetable oil

Exports - partners [time series]

India 83.8%, Hong Kong 10.8% (2013 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$2.092 billion (2014 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$5.855 billion (2014 est.) | $5.505 billion (2013 est.) | $5.245 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 170

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 14.4% | industry: 41.6% | services: 44% (2014 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$7,600 (2014 est.) | $7,200 (2013 est.) | $6,800 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 148

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

6.4% (2014 est.) | 5% (2013 est.) | 6.5% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 27

Gross national saving [time series]

22.1% of GDP (2014 est.) | 28.5% of GDP (2013 est.) | 26.7% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 39

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.3% | highest 10%: 37.6% (2003)

Imports [time series]

$980.6 million (2014 est.) | $905.3 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 180

Imports - commodities [time series]

fuel and lubricants, passenger cars, machinery and parts, fabrics, rice

Imports - partners [time series]

India 72.3%, South Korea 6% (2013 est.)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

8% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23

Industries [time series]

cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

7.7% (2014 est.) | 8.8% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 200

Labor force [time series]

345,800 | note: major shortage of skilled labor (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 161

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 56% | industry: 22% | services: 22% (2013 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$320 million (31 December 2013) | $283.4 million (31 December 2012) | country comparison to the world: 115

Population below poverty line [time series]

12% (2012 est.)

Public debt [time series]

91.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | 97% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 21

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.099 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | $1.062 billion (31 December 2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$173.7 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $131.7 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 109

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$796.1 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $726.2 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$636 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $550.6 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 157

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

19.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168

Unemployment rate [time series]

3.2% (2014 est.) | 2.1% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

320,800 Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 189

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 89

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 159

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112

Electricity - consumption [time series]

1.841 billion kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144

Electricity - exports [time series]

5.625 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 30

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

0.7% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 207

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

99.3% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 163

Electricity - imports [time series]

37 million kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

1.499 million kW (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 118

Electricity - production [time series]

7.55 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 124

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 110

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

1,870 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 192

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 158

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

1,870 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 181

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 38,394 sq km | land: 38,394 sq km | water: 0 sq km | country comparison to the world: 137

Area - comparative [time series]

about one-half the size of Indiana

Climate [time series]

varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Drangeme Chhu 97 m | highest point: Gangkar Puensum 7,570 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil erosion; limited access to potable water

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.34 cu km/yr (5%/1%/94%) | per capita: 458 cu m/yr (2008)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

27 30 N, 90 30 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes

Irrigated land [time series]

319.1 sq km (2010)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,136 km | border countries (2): China 477 km, India 659 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 13.6% | arable land 2.6%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 10.7% | forest: 85.5% | other: 0.9% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Southern Asia, between China and India

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season

Natural resources [time series]

timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate

Terrain [time series]

mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna

Total renewable water resources [time series]

78 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Gasa, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Tashi Yangtse, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang

Capital [time series]

name: Thimphu | geographic coordinates: 27 28 N, 89 38 E | time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

previous (various royal decrees); first constitution drafted November 2001 - March 2005, ratified 18 July 2008 (2011)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan | conventional short form: Bhutan | local long form: Druk Gyalkhap | local short form: Druk Yul

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although frequent informal contact is maintained via the US embasssy in New Delhi (India) and Bhutan's Permanent Mission to the UN

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

none; note - the Permanent Mission to the UN for Bhutan has consular jurisdiction in the US; the permanent representative to the UN is Kunzang C. NAMGYEL (since February 2014); address: 343 East 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 682-2268; FAX [1] (212) 661-0551 | consulate(s) general: New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006); note - King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK abdicated the throne on 14 December 2006 and his son immediately succeeded him; the nearly 2-year delay between the former King's abdication and his son's coronation on 6 November 2008 was to ensure an astrologically auspicious coronation date and to give the new king, who had limited experience, deeper administrative expertise under the guidance of his father | head of government: Prime Minister Tshering TOBGAY (since July 2013) | cabinet: Council of Ministers or Lhengye Zhungtshog members nominated by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister and approved by the National Assembly; members serve 5-year tern | elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary, but can be removed by a two-third vote of Parliament; leader of the majority party in Parliament is nominated as the prime minister, appointed by the monarch

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side; the dragon, called the Druk (Thunder Dragon), is the emblem of the nation; its white color stands for purity and the jewels in its claws symbolize wealth; the background colors represent spiritual and secular powers within Bhutan: the orange is associated with Buddhism, while the yellow denotes the ruling dynasty

Government type [time series]

constitutional monarchy

Independence [time series]

1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices including the chief justice); note - the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the monarch upon the advice of the National Judicial Commission, a 4-member body to include the Legislative Committee of the National Assembly, the attorney general, the Chief Justice of Bhutan and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; other judges (drangpons) appointed by the monarch from among the High Court judges selected by the National Judicial Commission; chief justice serves a 5-year term or until reaching age 65 years, whichever is earlier; the 4 other judges serve 10-year terms or until age 65, whichever is earlier | subordinate courts: High Court (first appellate court); District or Dzongkhag Courts; sub-district or Dungkhag Courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law based on Buddhist religious law

Legislative branch [time series]

description: bicameral Parliament or Chi Tshog consists of the non-partisan National Council or Gyelyong Tshogde (25 seats; 20 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 5 members appointed by the king; members serve 4-year terms) and the National Assembly or Tshogdu (47 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms) | elections: National Council election last held on 23 April 2013 (next to be held in 2017); National Assembly election (first round) held on 31 May 2013; second round on 13 July 2013 | election results: National Council - independents 20; note - all candidates required to run as independents; National Assembly - first round poll held on 31 May 2013 - percent of vote by party - DPT 44.52%; PDP 32.53%; DNT 17.04%; DCT 5.9%; second round poll held on 13 July 2013 - percent of vote by party - PDP 54.88%, DPT 45.12%; seats by party - PDP 32, DPT 15

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Druk tsendhen" (The Thunder Dragon Kingdom) | lyrics/music: Gyaldun Dasho Thinley DORJI/Aku TONGMI | note: adopted 1953

National holiday [time series]

National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)

National symbol(s) [time series]

thunder dragon known as Druk Gyalpo; national colors: orange, yellow

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party or BNK [Sonam TOBGAY] | Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party (Druk Phuensum Tshogpa) or DPT [Jigme THINLEY] | Druck Chirwang Tshogpa or DCT | Druk Nymrub Tshogpa or DNT | People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tshering TOBGAY]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Druk National Congress (exiled) | United Front for Democracy (exiled) | other: Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepali-Bhutanese organizations (exiled); Indian merchant community

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land to British India. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs, and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned to Bhutan the areas annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. | In March 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the government's draft constitution - which introduced major democratic reforms - and pledged to hold a national referendum for its approval. In December 2006, the King abdicated the throne in favor of his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK. In early 2007, India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty, eliminating the clause that stated that Bhutan would be "guided by" India in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate closely with New Delhi. Elections for seating the country's first parliament were completed in March 2008; the king ratified the country's first constitution in July 2008. Bhutan experienced a peaceful turnover of power following parliamentary elections in 2013, which routed the incumbent party. The disposition of some 23,000 Nepali Bhutanese refugees who fled or were forced out of Bhutan in the 1990s - housed in two UN refugee camps in Nepal - remains unresolved.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 202,407 | females age 16-49: 180,349 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 157,664 | females age 16-49: 144,861 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 7,363 | female: 7,095 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Royal Bhutan Army (includes Royal Bodyguard and Royal Bhutan Police) (2009)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; militia training is compulsory for males aged 20-25, over a 3-year period (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 26.76% (male 101,418/female 97,132) | 15-24 years: 19.68% (male 74,373/female 71,600) | 25-54 years: 41.6% (male 164,520/female 144,089) | 55-64 years: 5.85% (male 23,271/female 20,144) | 65 years and over: 6.12% (male 23,754/female 21,618) (2015 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

17.78 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 106

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 25,801 | percentage: 18% (2010 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

12.8% (2010) | country comparison to the world: 59

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

65.6% (2010)

Death rate [time series]

6.69 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 141

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 46.9% | youth dependency ratio: 39.5% | elderly dependency ratio: 7.4% | potential support ratio: 13.4% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.5% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 86

Ethnic groups [time series]

Ngalop (also known as Bhote) 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.13% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 110

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

600 (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

3.6% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 167

Hospital bed density [time series]

1.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 35.91 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 36.27 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 35.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61

Languages [time series]

Sharchhopka 28%, Dzongkha (official) 24%, Lhotshamkha 22%, other 26% (includes foreign languages) (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 69.51 years | male: 68.56 years | female: 70.51 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 158

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 64.9% | male: 73.1% | female: 55% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2013)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

THIMPHU (capital) 152,000 (2014)

Median age [time series]

total: 26.7 years | male: 27.2 years | female: 26.1 years (2015 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural) | adjective: Bhutanese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

5.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 154

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.26 physicians/1,000 population (2012)

Population [time series]

741,919 | note: the Factbook population estimate is consistent with the first modern census of Bhutan, conducted in 2005; previous Factbook population estimates for Bhutan, which were on the order of three times the total population reported here, were based on Bhutanese Government publications that did not include the census (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166

Population growth rate [time series]

1.11% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112

Religions [time series]

Lamaistic Buddhist 75.3%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 22.1%, other 2.6% (2005 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 13 years | male: 13 years | female: 13 years (2012)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.97 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 128

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 7.2% | male: 7.3% | female: 7.2% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 119

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 38.6% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 3.69% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the largest of which lie in Bhutan's northwest and along the Chumbi salient

Transportation

Airports [time series]

2 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 198

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 2 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2012)

Roadways [time series]

total: 10,578 km | paved: 2,975 km (includes 2,180 km of natonal highways) | unpaved: 7,603 km (2013) | country comparison to the world: 135