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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) operates 1 terrestrial TV station, 3 radio networks, and about 10 local stations; 8 private satellite TV stations and 3 private radio stations also broadcasting; foreign satellite TV stations are gaining audience share in the large cities; several international radio broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.bd

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

71,164 (2012) country comparison to the world: 87

Internet users [time series]

617,300 (2009) country comparison to the world: 112

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: inadequate for a modern country; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF and UHF microwave radio relay links, and some fiber-optic cable in cities domestic: fixed-line teledensity remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has been increasing rapidly and now exceeds 50 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 880; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

962,000 (2012) country comparison to the world: 78

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

97.18 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 15

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry

Budget [time series]

revenues: $14.03 billion expenditures: $19.69 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-4.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Central bank discount rate [time series]

5% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 5% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

13% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 62 13.25% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

$1.754 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 42 $-165 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$29.53 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 $29.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

33.2 (2005) country comparison to the world: 98 33.6 (1996)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

In real terms Bangladesh's economy has grown 5.8% per year since 1996 despite political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Bangladesh remains a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently-governed nation. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, 45% of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector with rice as the single-most-important product. Bangladesh's growth was resilient during the 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession. Garment exports, totaling $12.3 billion in FY09 and remittances from overseas Bangladeshis, totaling $11 billion in FY10, accounted for almost 12% of GDP.

Exchange rates [time series]

taka (BDT) per US dollar - 81.86 (2012 est.) 74.15 (2011 est.) 69.65 (2010 est.) 69.04 (2009) 68.55 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$24.92 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 70 $24.54 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

garments, knitwear, agricultural products, frozen food (fish and seafood), jute and jute goods, leather

Exports - partners [time series]

US 16.6%, Germany 13.4%, UK 8.6%, France 5.2% (2012)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$121.3 billion (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$302.8 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 44 $285.3 billion (2011 est.) $268 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 75% government consumption: 5.7% investment in fixed capital: 25.4% investment in inventories: 4.3% exports of goods and services: 25% imports of goods and services: -35.3% (2012 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 17.7% industry: 28.5% services: 53.9% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$2,000 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 192 $1,900 (2011 est.) $1,800 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

6.1% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 45 6.5% (2011 est.) 6.4% (2010 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

27% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 37 25% of GDP (2011 est.) 26.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 4% highest 10%: 27% (2010 est.)

Imports [time series]

$32.29 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 63 $32.61 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement

Imports - partners [time series]

China 17.8%, India 13.8%, Malaysia 5%, Singapore 4.6%, South Korea 4.4% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

8.9% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 22

Industries [time series]

jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, drugs and pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tea, salt, sugar, edible oils, soap and detergent, fabricated metal products, electricity and natural gas

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

6.6% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 172 10.3% (2011 est.)

Labor force [time series]

77 million country comparison to the world: 7 note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances were $10.9 billion in FY09/10 (2012 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 45% industry: 30% services: 25% (2008)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$23.55 billion (31 December 2011) country comparison to the world: 66 $15.68 billion (31 December 2010) $7.068 billion (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line [time series]

31.5% (2010 est.)

Public debt [time series]

32.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 111 34.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$12.75 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 $9.192 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$66.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 64 $66.14 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$108.1 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 89 $107 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$6.64 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 86 $6.166 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$79.32 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $68.57 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$14.85 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 68 $13.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

11.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Unemployment rate [time series]

5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 45 5% (2011 est.) note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many participants in the labor force work only a few hours a week, at low wages

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

58.81 million Mt (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

Crude oil - imports [time series]

23,620 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Crude oil - production [time series]

5,452 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

28 million bbl (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 82

Electricity - consumption [time series]

38.89 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 165

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

96% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

3.4% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0.5% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

6.673 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

Electricity - production [time series]

40.08 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

19.91 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 160

Natural gas - production [time series]

20.11 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

183.7 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 47

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

108,900 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

3,288 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

84,490 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

22,710 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 143,998 sq km country comparison to the world: 95 land: 130,168 sq km water: 13,830 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Iowa

Climate [time series]

tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)

Coastline [time series]

580 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Keokradong 1,230 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; waterborne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 35.87 cu km/yr (10%/2%/88%) per capita: 238.3 cu m/yr (2008)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

24 00 N, 90 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal

Irrigated land [time series]

50,500 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,246 km border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 52.97% permanent crops: 6.25% other: 40.78% (2011)

Location [time series]

Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: up to the outer limits of the continental margin

Natural hazards [time series]

droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season

Natural resources [time series]

natural gas, arable land, timber, coal

Terrain [time series]

mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast

Total renewable water resources [time series]

1,227 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

7 divisions; Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet

Capital [time series]

name: Dhaka geographic coordinates: 23 43 N, 90 24 E time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (preindependence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspendedMarch 1982, restored November 1986; amended many times, last in 2011 (2011)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh conventional short form: Bangladesh local long form: Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh local short form: Bangladesh former: East Bengal, East Pakistan

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Dan W. MOZENA (since 11 November 2011) embassy: Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka 1212 mailing address: G. P. O. Box 323, Dhaka 1000 telephone: [880] (2) 885-5500 FAX: [880] (2) 882-3744

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Akramul QADER (since 1 September 2009) chancery: 3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-0183 FAX: [1] (202) 244-7830/2771 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Abdul HAMID (since 24 April 2013); note - Abdul HAMID served as acting president following the death of Zillur RAHMAN in March 2013; HAMID was subsequently elected by the National Parliament and was sworn in 24 April 2013 head of government: Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA (since 6 January 2009) cabinet: Cabinet selected by the prime minister and appointed by the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by National Parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); last election held on 29 April 2013 (next must be held by 2018) election results: President Abdul HAMID was elected by the National Parliament unopposed

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side of center; the red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh

Government type [time series]

parliamentary democracy

Independence [time series]

16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, ARF, BIMSTEC, C, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Bangladesh (organized into the Appellate Division with 7 justices and the High Court Division with 99 justices) judge selection and term of office: chief justice and justices appointed by the president; justices serve until retirement at age 67 subordinate courts: civil courts include: Assistant Judge's Court; Joint District Judge's Court; Additional District Judge's Court; District Judge's Court; criminal courts include: Court of Sessions; Court of Metropolitan Sessions; special courts/tribunals; Metropolitan Magistrate Courts; Magistrate Court

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of mostly English common law and Islamic law

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad; 300 seats (45 reserved for women) elected by popular vote from single territorial constituencies; members serve five-year terms elections: last held on 29 December 2008 (next to be held on 5 January 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - AL 49%, BNP 33.2%, JP 7%, JIB 4.6%, other 6.2%; seats by party - AL 230, BNP 30, JP 27, JIB 2, other 11

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Amar Shonar Bangla" (My Golden Bengal)

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 26 March (1971); Victory Day; note - March 1971 is the date of the Awami League's declaration of an independent Bangladesh, and 16 December, known as Victory Day, memorializes the military victory over Pakistan and the official creation of the state of Bangladesh

National symbol(s) [time series]

Bengal tiger

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA] Communist Party of Bangladesh or CPB [Manjurul A. KHAN] Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA] Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh or BDB [Badrudozza CHOWDHURY] Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [multiple leaders] Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh or JIB [Matiur Rahman NIZAMI] Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD] Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Oli AHMED]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Advocacy to End Gender-based Violence through the MoWCA (Ministry of Women's and Children's Affairs) Ain o Salish Kendro (Law and Order Center) Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee or BRAC Bangladesh Center for Worker Solidarity Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry Odikhar (Human Rights) other: associations of madrassa teachers; business associations, including those intended to promote international trade; development and advocacy NGOs associated with the Grameen Bank; environmentalists; Islamist groups; labor rights advocacy groups; nongovernmental organizations focused on poverty, alleviation, and socioeconomic international trade; religious leaders; tribal groups and advocacy organizations; union leaders

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Muslim conversions and settlement in the region now referred to as Bangladesh began in the 10th century, primarily from Arab and Persian traders and preachers. Europeans began to set up trading posts in the area in the 16th century. Eventually the area known as Bengal, primarily Hindu in the western section and mostly Muslim in the eastern half, became part of British India. Partition in 1947 resulted in an eastern wing of Pakistan in the Muslim-majority area, which became East Pakistan. Calls for greater autonomy and animosity between the eastern and western wings of Pakistan led to a Bengali independence movement. That movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won independence for Bangladesh in 1971, although at least 300,000 civilians died in the process. The post-independence, AL government faced daunting challenges and in 1975 was overthrown by the military, triggering a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections in 1991. The BNP and AL have alternately held power since then, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime that suspended parliamentary elections planned for January 2007 in an effort to reform the political system and root out corruption. That government returned the country to fully democratic rule in December 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. With the help of international development assistance, Bangladesh has made great progress in food security since independence, and the economy has grown at an average of about 6 percent over the last two decades.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 36,520,491 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 30,486,086 females age 16-49: 35,616,093 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 1,606,963 female: 1,689,442 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Bangladesh Defense Force: Bangladesh Army (Sena Bahini), Bangladesh Navy (Noh Bahini, BN), Bangladesh Air Force (Biman Bahini, BAF) (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.4% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 106

Military service age and obligation [time series]

16-19 years of age for voluntary military service; Bangladeshi birth and 10th grade education required; initial obligation 15 years (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 33% (male 27,393,912/female 26,601,199) 15-24 years: 18.8% (male 14,337,930/female 16,377,785) 25-54 years: 37.6% (male 29,091,046/female 32,455,670) 55-64 years: 5.7% (male 4,775,062/female 4,625,192) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 3,918,341/female 4,078,723) (2013 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

22.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 4,485,497 percentage: 13 % (2006 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

41.3% (2007) country comparison to the world: 4

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

61.2% (2011/12)

Death rate [time series]

5.67 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 174

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 53.3 % youth dependency ratio: 46 % elderly dependency ratio: 7.3 % potential support ratio: 13.6 (2013)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 85% of population rural: 80% of population total: 81% of population unimproved: urban: 15% of population rural: 20% of population total: 19% of population (2010 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

2.2% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 163

Ethnic groups [time series]

Bengali 98%, other 2% (includes tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims) (1998)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

less than 0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 200 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

6,300 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

3.7% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 174

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 47.3 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 45 male: 49.79 deaths/1,000 live births female: 44.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Languages [time series]

Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 70.36 years country comparison to the world: 150 male: 68.48 years female: 72.31 years (2013 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.7% male: 62% female: 53.4% (2011 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations water contact disease: leptospirosis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

DHAKA (capital) 15.391 million; Chittagong 4.816 million; Khulna 1.636 million; Rajshahi 853,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 48

Median age [time series]

total: 23.9 years male: 23.4 years female: 24.4 years (2013 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

18.1 note: Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Bangladeshi(s) adjective: Bangladeshi

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 136

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

1.1% (2008) country comparison to the world: 190

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.36 physicians/1,000 population (2011)

Population [time series]

163,654,860 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 9

Population growth rate [time series]

1.59% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Religions [time series]

Muslim 89.5%, Hindu 9.6%, other 0.9% (2004)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 57% of population rural: 55% of population total: 56% of population unimproved: urban: 43% of population rural: 45% of population total: 44% of population (2010 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 8 years male: 8 years female: 8 years (2007)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 0.87 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.5 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 83

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 9.3% country comparison to the world: 112 male: 8% female: 13.6% (2005)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 28.4% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 2.96% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Indian Prime Minister Singh's September 2011 visit to Bangladesh resulted in the signing of a Protocol to the 1974 Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh, which had called for the settlement of longstanding boundary disputes over undemarcated areas and the exchange of territorial enclaves, but which had never been implemented; Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 29,000 Rohingya, Burmese Muslim minority from Arakan State, living as refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200 km (124 mi) wire fence designed to deter illegal cross-border transit and tensions from the military build-up along border

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 230,674 (Burma) (2012) IDPs: undetermined (land conflicts, religious persecution) (2012)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

18 (2013) country comparison to the world: 139

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 16 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 5 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2013)

Heliports [time series]

3 (2013)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 62 country comparison to the world: 64 by type: bulk carrier 25, cargo 28, chemical tanker 1, container 5, petroleum tanker 3 foreign-owned: 8 (China 1, Singapore 7) registered in other countries: 10 (Comoros 1, Hong Kong 1, Panama 5, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 1) (2010)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 2,950 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Chittagong river port(s): Mongla Port (Sela River) container port(s): Chittagong (1,392,104) (2011)

Railways [time series]

total: 2,622 km country comparison to the world: 64 broad gauge: 946 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,676 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 21,269 km country comparison to the world: 106 paved: 1,063 km unpaved: 20,206 km (2010)

Transportation - note [time series]

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Bangladesh remain a risk for armed robbery against ships; attacks against vessels have decreased over the last few years in response to improved local security

Waterways [time series]

8,370 km (includes up to 3,060 km of main cargo routes; the network is reduced to 5,200 km in the dry season) (2011) country comparison to the world: 17