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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

the government operates the only terrestrial TV station, which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from international services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV are available; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Victoria (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.sc

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

247 (2012) country comparison to the world: 196

Internet users [time series]

32,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 180

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: effective system domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 170 telephones per 100 persons; radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago international: country code - 248; direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

27,900 (2011) country comparison to the world: 180

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

126,600 (2011) country comparison to the world: 187

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), copra, bananas; poultry; tuna

Budget [time series]

revenues: $390.7 million expenditures: $376.3 million (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

1.5% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 24

Central bank discount rate [time series]

11.17% (31 December 2010 est.) NA% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

11.6% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 74 11.19% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$179.8 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 76 -$211.1 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$1.453 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 145 $1.475 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the upper-middle income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. In July 2008 the government defaulted on a Euro amortizing note worth roughly US$80 million, leading to a downgrading of Seychelles credit rating. In an effort to obtain loans to service its debt, Seychelles in November 2008 signed a standby arrangement with the IMF that mandated floating the exchange rate, removing foreign exchange controls, cutting government spending, and tightening monetary policy. In response to Seychelles' successful implementation of these policies, the IMF upgraded Seychelles to a three-year extended fund facility (EFF) of $31 million in December 2009. In 2008, GDP fell more than 1% due to declining tourism and the initial effects of liberalization, but the economy recovered in 2010-11 after the reforms took hold and tourism increased. Growth slowed again in 2012 with flagging tourism from Russia and the United Arab Emirates. Seychelles is attempting to implement further structural reforms, including overhauling the tax system, reorganizing of state enterprises, and deregulating the finance and communications sectors.

Exchange rates [time series]

Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar - 13.82 (2012 est.) 12.381 (2011 est.) 12.068 (2010 est.) 13.61 (2009) 8 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$501.8 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 172 $495.1 million (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

canned tuna, frozen fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)

Exports - partners [time series]

France 26.5%, UK 21%, Japan 11%, Italy 10% (2011)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$971 million (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$2.41 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 186 $2.339 billion (2011 est.) $2.226 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 2% industry: 18.5% services: 79.5% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$26,200 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 52 $25,800 (2011 est.) $24,800 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 110 5.1% (2011 est.) 6.7% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 4.7% highest 10%: 15.4% (2007)

Imports [time series]

$890.8 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 179 $877.1 million (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals, other manufactured goods

Imports - partners [time series]

Saudi Arabia 23.9%, Spain 8.3%, France 5.8%, South Africa 5%, Singapore 4.1% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

2% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

7.2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 175 2.6% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

41.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Labor force [time series]

39,560 (2006) country comparison to the world: 197

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 3% industry: 23% services: 74% (2006)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Public debt [time series]

39.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 44.4% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$272.8 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 154 $252.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$553.4 million (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 175 $598.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$457.5 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 174 $422.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$325.7 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 170 $302.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

40.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

Unemployment rate [time series]

2% (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 13

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

1.245 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 184

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 183

Electricity - consumption [time series]

227.9 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 183

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 184

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 129

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

95,000 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 170

Electricity - production [time series]

245 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 177

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 127

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

7,793 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

6,923 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 193

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 455 sq km country comparison to the world: 199 land: 455 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Climate [time series]

tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)

Coastline [time series]

491 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

4 35 S, 55 40 E

Geography - note [time series]

41 granitic and about 75 coralline islands

Irrigated land [time series]

3 sq km

Land boundaries [time series]

0 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 2.17% permanent crops: 13.04% other: 84.79% (2005)

Location [time series]

archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Natural hazards [time series]

lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; occasional short droughts

Natural resources [time series]

fish, copra, cinnamon trees

Terrain [time series]

Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka

Capital [time series]

name: Victoria geographic coordinates: 4 37 S, 55 27 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

18 June 1993

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles conventional short form: Seychelles local long form: Republic of Seychelles local short form: Seychelles

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Seychelles

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Marie-Louise Cecile POTTER chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 972-1785 FAX: [1] (212) 972-1786

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President James Alix MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); Vice President Danny FAURE (since 1 July 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President James Alix MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); Vice President Danny FAURE (since 1 July 2010) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held on 19-21 May 2011 (next to be held in 2016) election results: President James MICHEL elected president; percent of vote - James MICHEL 55.5%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN 41.4%, Philippe BOULLE 1.7%, Ralph VOLCERE 1.5%; note - this was the second election in which President James MICHEL participated; he was originally sworn in as president after former president France Albert RENE stepped down in April 2004

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side; the oblique bands are meant to symbolize a dynamic new country moving into the future; blue represents sky and sea, yellow the sun giving light and life, red the peoples' determination to work for the future in unity and love, white social justice and harmony, green the land and natural environment

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

29 June 1976 (from the UK)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats; 25 members elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 29 September - 1 October 2011 (next to be held in 2016); note - the National Assembly was dissolved in July 2011 resulting in early elections election results: percent of vote by party - PL 88.6%, PDM 10.9%, independents 0.6%; seats by party - PL 31, vacant - 3; note - the ruling SPPF changed its name to People's Party (Party Lepep) in June 2009; the SNP and NDP boycotted the 2011 elections

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Koste Seselwa" (Seychellois Unite) lyrics/music: David Francois Marc ANDRE and George Charles Robert PAYET note: adopted 1996

National holiday [time series]

Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW]; New Democratic Party or NDP; People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [France Albert RENE]; Popular Democratic Movement or PDM; Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO)

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Roman Catholic Church other: trade unions

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. President France-Albert RENE, who had served since 1977, was re-elected in 2001, but stepped down in 2004. Vice President James MICHEL took over the presidency and in July 2006 was elected to a new five-year term; he was reelected in May 2011.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 26,257 females age 16-49: 23,996 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 20,231 females age 16-49: 19,891 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 686 female: 650 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Seychelles Defense Force: Army, Coast Guard (includes Naval Wing, Air Wing), National Guard (2005)

Military expenditures [time series]

2% of GDP (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); no conscription (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 21.4% (male 9,896/ female 9,408) 15-64 years: 71.4% (male 33,589/ female 30,656) 65 years and over: 7.2% (male 2,453/ female 4,022) (2012 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

15.1 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 134

Death rate [time series]

6.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 135

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 55

Ethnic groups [time series]

mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

4% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 160

Hospital bed density [time series]

3.94 beds/1,000 population (2009)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 11.35 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 136 male: 14.23 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages [time series]

Creole 91.8%, English (official) 4.9%, other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 73.77 years country comparison to the world: 115 male: 69.14 years female: 78.54 years (2012 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.8% male: 91.4% female: 92.3% (2002 census)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

VICTORIA (capital) 26,000 (2009)

Median age [time series]

total: 32.9 years male: 32.4 years female: 33.4 years (2012 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Seychellois (singular and plural) adjective: Seychellois

Net migration rate [time series]

1.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 53

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

25.1% (2004) country comparison to the world: 11

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

1.51 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Population [time series]

90,024 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 197

Population growth rate [time series]

0.922% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 120

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 82.3%, Protestant 7.5% (Anglican 6.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.1%), other Christian 3.4%, Hindu 2.1%, Muslim 1.1%, other non-Christian 1.5%, unspecified 1.5%, none 0.6% (2002 census)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 14 years male: 14 years female: 15 years (2008)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.9 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 141

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 20.3% (2002) country comparison to the world: 54

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 55% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 1.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

14 (2012) country comparison to the world: 149

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 5 (2012)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2012)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 9 country comparison to the world: 117 by type: cargo 1, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Hong Kong 1, Nigeria 1, South Africa 1) (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Victoria

Roadways [time series]

total: 508 km country comparison to the world: 194 paved: 490 km unpaved: 18 km (2003)