Broadcast media [time series]

1 TV station and about 10 radio stations (2008)

Internet country code [time series]

.ps; note - same as West Bank

Internet users [time series]

1.379 million (includes West Bank) (2009) country comparison to the world: 88

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: Gaza continues to repair the damage to its telecommunications infrastructure caused by fighting in 2009 domestic: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services; the Palestinian JAWWAL company provides cellular services international: country code - 970 (2009)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

337,000 (includes West Bank) (2010) country comparison to the world: 112

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

2.405 million (includes West Bank) (2010) country comparison to the world: 131

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

olives, fruit, vegetables, flowers; beef, dairy products

Budget [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Current account balance [time series]

-$690.7 million (2010 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Israeli security controls imposed since the end of the second intifada have degraded economic conditions in the Gaza Strip, the smaller of the two areas comprising the Palestinian territories. Israeli-imposed border closures, which became more restrictive after HAMAS seized control of the territory in June 2007, have resulted in high unemployment, elevated poverty rates, and sharp contraction of the private sector that had relied primarily on export markets. The population is reliant on government spending - by both the Palestinian Authority (PA) and HAMAS's de facto government - and humanitarian assistance. Changes to Israeli restrictions on imports in 2010 resulted in a rebound in some economic activity, but regular exports from Gaza still are not permitted. Recent indicators of strong growth belie the economic reality that standard-of-living measures remain below levels seen in the mid-1990s.

Exchange rates [time series]

new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - 3.903 (2012 est.) 3.5781 (2011 est.) 3.739 (2010 est.) 3.9323 (2009) 3.56 (2008)

Exports [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Exports - commodities [time series]

strawberries, carnations, vegetables; small and irregular shipments, as permitted to transit the Israeli-controlled Kerem Shalom crossing

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

see entry for West Bank

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Imports [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Imports - commodities [time series]

food, consumer goods note: Israel permits basic commercial imports through the Kerem Shalom crossing, but many "dual use" goods, such as construction materials and electronics, are smuggled through tunnels beneath Gaza's border with Egypt

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

see entry for West Bank

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 100 2.9% (2011 est.) note: includes West Bank

Labor force [time series]

348,200 (2010) country comparison to the world: 161

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 5.1% industry: 15.6% services: 79.3% (2010 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

38% (2010 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$6.674 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 119 $6.674 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$914.9 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 160 $851.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

40% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 186 40% (2009 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Electricity - consumption [time series]

202,000 kWh (2009) country comparison to the world: 217

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 206

Electricity - imports [time series]

193,000 kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 107

Electricity - production [time series]

51,000 kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 218

Area [time series]

total: 360 sq km country comparison to the world: 206 land: 360 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Climate [time series]

temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers

Coastline [time series]

40 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Awdah) 105 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

desertification; salination of fresh water; sewage treatment; water-borne disease; soil degradation; depletion and contamination of underground water resources

Geographic coordinates [time series]

31 25 N, 34 20 E

Geography - note [time series]

strategic strip of land along Mideast-North African trade routes has experienced an incredibly turbulent history; the town of Gaza itself has been besieged countless times in its history

Irrigated land [time series]

180 sq km; note - includes West Bank (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 62 km border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 29% permanent crops: 21% other: 50% (2002)

Location [time series]

Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel

Map references [time series]

Middle East

Maritime claims [time series]

see entry for Israel note: effective 3 January 2009 the Gaza maritime area is closed to all maritime traffic and is under blockade imposed by Israeli Navy until further notice

Natural hazards [time series]

droughts

Natural resources [time series]

arable land, natural gas

Terrain [time series]

flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gaza Strip local long form: none local short form: Qita' Ghazzah

Background [time series]

The September 1993 Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements provided for a transitional period of Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Under a series of agreements signed between May 1994 and September 1999, Israel transferred to the Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for many Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip stalled following the outbreak of an intifada in September 2000. In April 2003, the Quartet (US, EU, UN, and Russia) presented a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005 based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. Following Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT's death in late 2004, Mahmud ABBAS was elected PA president in January 2005. A month later, Israel and the PA agreed to the Sharm el-Sheikh Commitments in an effort to move the peace process forward. In September 2005, Israel unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip and withdrew settlers and redeployed soldiers from four small northern West Bank settlements. Nonetheless, Israel still controls maritime, airspace, and other access to the Gaza Strip; Israel also enforces a restricted zone along the border inside Gaza. In January 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement, HAMAS, won control of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). HAMAS took control of the PA government in March 2006, but President ABBAS had little success negotiating with HAMAS to present a political platform acceptable to the international community, leading to the imposition of economic sanctions on the Palestinian government for its refusal to renounce violence, recognize Israel, and adhere to the previous agreements. Violent clashes between Fatah and HAMAS supporters in the Gaza Strip in 2006 and early 2007 resulted in numerous Palestinian deaths and injuries. In February 2007, ABBAS and HAMAS Political Bureau chief Khalid MISHAL signed the Mecca Agreement in Saudi Arabia that resulted in the formation of a Palestinian National Unity Government (NUG) headed by HAMAS member Ismail HANIYA. However, fighting continued in the Gaza Strip, and in June 2007, HAMAS militants succeeded in a violent takeover of all military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip. ABBAS that same month dismissed the NUG and through a series of presidential decrees formed a PA government in the West Bank led by independent Salam FAYYAD. Late November 2007 through June 2008 witnessed a substantial increase in violence between Israel and Palestinian militants in the HAMAS-controlled Gaza Strip. An Egyptian-brokered truce in June 2008 between Israel and HAMAS brought about a five-month pause in hostilities, but spiraling end-of-year violence led to an Israeli air campaign and ground invasion into the Gaza Strip from December 2008 to January 2009 that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1,100 to 1,400 Palestinians and left tens of thousands homeless. Fatah and HAMAS in May 2011, under the auspices of Egyptian-sponsored reconciliation negotiations, agreed to reunify the Palestinian territories, but the factions have struggled to implement details on governing and security structures despite the signing of subsequent agreements in February and May 2012. In November 2012, an Israeli airstrike killed a top commander in HAMAS's military wing, initiating an eight-day Israeli aerial campaign in Gaza. Israel cited increased rocket attacks from Palestinian militants into Israel as the reason for initiating the campaign. Egypt brokered a cease-fire between Israel and HAMAS on 21 November 2012. The status quo remains with HAMAS in control of the Gaza Strip and ABBAS and the Fatah-dominated PA governing the West Bank.

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 385,961 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 335,820 females age 16-49: 319,847 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 18,805 female: 17,903 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Palestinian Authority security forces have operated only in the West Bank, not in the Gaza Strip, since HAMAS seized power in June 2007; law and order and other security functions are performed by HAMAS security organizations (2008)

Military expenditures [time series]

NA

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 43.8% (male 384,494/ female 363,818) 15-64 years: 53.7% (male 469,528/ female 448,182) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 17,939/ female 26,296) (2012 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

34.3 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

Death rate [time series]

3.22 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 217

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

NA

Ethnic groups [time series]

Palestinian Arab

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

NA

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 16.55 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 104 male: 17.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages [time series]

Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 74.16 years country comparison to the world: 110 male: 72.48 years female: 75.95 years (2012 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.4% male: 96.7% female: 88% (2004 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

64 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 95

Median age [time series]

total: 17.9 years male: 17.7 years female: 18.1 years (2012 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: NA adjective: NA

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 87

Population [time series]

1,710,257 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 151

Population growth rate [time series]

3.108% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Religions [time series]

Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 99.3%, Christian 0.7%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 14 years male: 13 years female: 14 years (2006)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.57 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 72% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 3.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Disputes - international [time series]

the current status of Gaza Strip is subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement with permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel removed settlers and military personnel from Gaza Strip in August 2005

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 1.167 million (Palestinian refugees (UNRWA)) (2012) IDPs: 160,000 (persons displaced within the Palestinian Territories since 1967; largely from Israeli military operations in 2008-9) (2011)

Airports [time series]

1 (2012) country comparison to the world: 230

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2012)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2012)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Gaza

Roadways [time series]

note: see entry for West Bank