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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

local government dominates broadcast media; 2 television stations operated by the government with one broadcasting in Portuguese and the other in Cantonese and Mandarin; cable and satellite TV services are available; 3 radio stations broadcasting, of which 2 are government-operated (2010)

Internet country code [time series]

.mo

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

252 (2010) country comparison to the world: 189

Internet users [time series]

270,200 (2009) country comparison to the world: 134

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: termination of monopoly over mobile-cellular telephone services in 2001 spurred sharp increase in subscriptions with mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 200 per 100 persons in 2010; fixed-line subscribership appears to have peaked and is now in decline international: country code - 853; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; HF radiotelephone communication facility; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2010)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

167,500 (2011) country comparison to the world: 132

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

1.122 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 149

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong

Budget [time series]

revenues: $8.998 billion expenditures: $3.862 billion (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

23.2% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 1

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

5.3% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 161 5.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

$6.23 billion (2009) country comparison to the world: 31

Debt - external [time series]

$0 (2010) country comparison to the world: 201

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Macau's economy slowed dramatically in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown, but strong growth resumed in 2010, largely on the back of strong tourism and gaming sectors. After opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, the territory attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment, transforming Macau into one of the world's largest gaming center. Macau's gaming and tourism businesses were fueled by China's decision to relax travel restrictions on Chinese citizens wishing to visit Macau. By 2006, Macau's gaming revenue surpassed that of the Las Vegas strip, and gaming-related taxes accounted for more than 70% of total government revenue. In 2008, Macau introduced measures to cool the rapidly developing sector. This city of nearly 552,300 hosted nearly 25 million visitors in 2010. Almost 53% came from mainland China. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has virtually disappeared since the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. In 2010, total exports were less than US$900 million, while gaming receipts were almost US$24 billion, a 58% increase over 2009. The Macau government plans to tighten control over the opening of new casinos and strengthen supervision of local casino operations in 2011 and has introduced measures to diversify the economy. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland; nevertheless, China is Macau's second largest goods export market, behind Hong Kong, and followed by the United States. Macau's currency, the pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

3.66 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 121

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

2.79 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

1.1 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Exchange rates [time series]

patacas (MOP) per US dollar - 8.002 (2010) 7.983 (2008) 8.011 (2007) 8.0015 (2006)

Exports [time series]

$870 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 157 $973 million (2009 est.) note: includes reexports

Exports - commodities [time series]

clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts

Exports - partners [time series]

Hong Kong 43.1%, China 15.8%, US 11.2%, Germany 4% (2010 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$22.1 billion (2009 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$18.47 billion (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 128 $18.14 billion (2008 est.) $14.4 billion (2006) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 0.1% industry: 2.8% services: 97.1% (2009 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$33,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 40 $31,800 (2008) $28,400 (2006)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 172 12.9% (2008) 26% (2007)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$5.5 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 109 $4.5 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils

Imports - partners [time series]

China 31.1%, Hong Kong 10.5%, France 9.2%, Japan 8.6%, US 5.9% (2010 est.)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

-23.7% country comparison to the world: 167

Industries [time series]

tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 98 1.1% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

12.3% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 177

Labor force [time series]

330,900 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

manufacturing: 4.3% construction: 8.7% transport and communications: 5.5% wholesale and retail trade: 13.3% restaurants and hotels: 12.7% gambling: 13.3% public sector: 6.7% financial services: 2.4% other services and agriculture: 33.2% (2010)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$46.1 billion (31 February 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 $2.3 billion (31 December 2008) $413.1 million (2004 est.)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

154.7 million cu m (2010) country comparison to the world: 101

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 136

Natural gas - imports [time series]

154.5 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 211

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

174,000 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 104

Oil - consumption [time series]

17,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 134

Oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Oil - imports [time series]

15,400 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 129

Oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 158

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$23.73 billion (2010) (2010) country comparison to the world: 53

Stock of broad money [time series]

$30.33 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 75 $26.56 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$240 million (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 80 $964 million (2008)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$12.1 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 79 $10.5 billion (#REF! est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$1.372 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 $701.1 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$2.495 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 117 $2.38 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

40.7% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 41

Unemployment rate [time series]

2.9% (2010) country comparison to the world: 23 3.6% (2009)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 28.2 sq km country comparison to the world: 236 land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC

Climate [time series]

subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers

Coastline [time series]

41 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

22 10 N, 113 33 E

Geography - note [time series]

essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges

Irrigated land [time series]

NA; note - included in the total for China (2008)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)

Location [time series]

Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China

Map references [time series]

Southeast Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

not specified

Natural hazards [time series]

typhoons

Natural resources [time series]

NEGL

Terrain [time series]

generally flat

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

none (special administrative region of the People's Republic of China)

Constitution [time series]

The Basic Law, approved 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's charter

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau official long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) official short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)

Dependency status [time series]

special administrative region of the Peaple's Republic of China

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

the US has no offices in Macau; US Consulate General in Hong Kong is accredited to Macau

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

none (special administrative region of China)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Fernando CHUI Sai-on (since 20 December 2009) cabinet: Executive Council consists of 1 government secretary, 3 legislators, 4 businessmen, 1 pro-Beijing unionist, and 1 pro-Beijing educator (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (current CE is eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 July 2009 (next to be held in July 2014) election results: Fernando CHUI Sai-on elected in 2009 with 282 votes, took office on 20 December 2009

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in the center of the arc and two smaller on either side; the lotus is the floral emblem of Macau, the three petals represent the peninsula and two islands that make up Macau; the five stars echo those on the flag of China

Government type [time series]

limited democracy

Independence [time series]

none (special administrative region of China)

International organization participation [time series]

ICC, IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region

Legal system [time series]

civil law system based on the Portuguese model

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 members elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 20 September 2009 (next to be held in September 2013) election results: percent of vote - UPD 14.9%, ACUM 12%, APMD 11.6%, NUDM 9.9%, UPP 9.9%, ANMD 7.8%, UMG 7.3%, MUDAR 5.5%, others 21.1%; seats by political group - UPD 2, ACUM 2, APMD 2, NUMD 1, UPP 1, ANMD 1, UMG 1, MUDAR 1; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; 7 members appointed by the chief executive

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

note: as a Special Administrative Region of China, "Yiyonggjun Jinxingqu" is the official anthem (see China)

National holiday [time series]

National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day

National symbol(s) [time series]

lotus blossom

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Alliance for Change or MUDAR; Macau Development Alliance or NUDM [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau-Guangdong Union or UNG; Macau United Citizens' Association or ACUM [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Macau Association or NMA [Jason CHAO]; New Hope or NE [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Union for Promoting Progress or UPP [LEONG Heng-teng] note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Civic Power [Agnes LAM lok-fong]; Macau New Chinese Youth Association [LEONG Sin-man]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO]; Macau Worker's Union [HO Heng-kuok]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]

Suffrage [time series]

direct election 18 years of age for some legislative positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee for the Chief Executive (CE) drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, central government bodies, and elected Macau officials

Introduction

Background [time series]

Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China on 20 December 1999. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's political and economic system would not be imposed on Macau, and that Macau would enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign affairs and defense for the next 50 years.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 150,780 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 124,189 females age 16-49: 149,514 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 4,274 female: 3,674 (2010 est.)

Military - note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of China

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

no regular military forces

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 15% (male 45,635/female 40,523) 15-64 years: 76.8% (male 205,998/female 233,820) 65 years and over: 8.2% (male 22,043/female 24,984) (2011 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

9.03 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 208

Death rate [time series]

3.72 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

2.2% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 152

Ethnic groups [time series]

Chinese 94.3%, other 5.7% (includes Macanese - mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) (2006 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 3.18 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 216 male: 3.34 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Languages [time series]

Cantonese 85.7%, Hokkien 4%, Mandarin 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.7%, English 1.5%, Tagalog 1.3%, other 1.6% note: Chinese and Portuguese are the official language (2001 census)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 84.41 years country comparison to the world: 2 male: 81.45 years female: 87.52 years (2011 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.3% male: 95.3% female: 87.8% (2001 census)

Median age [time series]

total: 36.2 years male: 36.8 years female: 35.6 years (2011 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese

Net migration rate [time series]

3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

Population [time series]

573,003 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Population growth rate [time series]

0.879% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Religions [time series]

Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none or other 35% (1997 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 14 years male: 15 years female: 14 years (2009)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

0.92 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 222

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 7.5% country comparison to the world: 115 male: 9.8% female: 5.4% (2009)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 100% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Illicit drugs [time series]

transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China; consumer of opiates and amphetamines

Transportation

Airports [time series]

1 (2010) country comparison to the world: 225

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2010)

Heliports [time series]

2 (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Macau

Roadways [time series]

total: 413 km country comparison to the world: 198 paved: 413 km (2009)