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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

1 state-owned TV broadcast station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.td

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

5 (2010) country comparison to the world: 226

Internet users [time series]

168,100 (2009) country comparison to the world: 145

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high costs and low telephone density domestic: fixed-line connections for only about 1 per 1000 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 25 per 100 persons international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2009)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

13,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 198

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

2.686 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 119

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels

Central bank discount rate [time series]

4.25% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 93 4.75% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

NA% (31 December 2009 est.) NA% (31 December 2008 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$2.6 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 163 -$2.305 billion (2009 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$NA (31 December 2010 est.) $1.749 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. At least 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1 billion barrels - in southern Chad. Chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and are currently building a 300-km pipleline and the country's first refinery. The nation's total oil reserves are estimated at 1.5 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

93 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

100 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 190

Exchange rates [time series]

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs 506.04 (2010), 472.19 (2009), 447.81 (2008), 480.1 (2007), 522.59 (2006)

Exports [time series]

$3.036 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 123 $2.709 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic

Exports - partners [time series]

US 90.06%, France 4.81%, China 1.6% (2009)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$7.592 billion (2010 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$18.56 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 128 $18.2 billion (2009 est.) $18.49 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 50.5% industry: 7% services: 42.5% (2010 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,800 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 192 $1,800 (2009 est.) $1,800 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

2% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 148 -1.6% (2009 est.) 10.7% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 30.8% (2003)

Imports [time series]

$2.631 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 $2.539 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports - partners [time series]

France 17.74%, Cameroon 12.7%, China 11.23%, US 7.59%, Italy 6.54%, Ukraine 5.33%, Netherlands 4.37% (2009)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Industries [time series]

oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 114 10% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

14.8% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 131

Labor force [time series]

4.293 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 83

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 197

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 185

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 192

Oil - consumption [time series]

1,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Oil - exports [time series]

157,900 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Oil - imports [time series]

1,571 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Oil - production [time series]

115,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

1.5 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Population below poverty line [time series]

80% (2001 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$868 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 $685 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.257 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 154 $1.008 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$NA (31 December 2010) $4.5 billion (2006 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$943.8 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 151 $566.9 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$920.9 million (31 December 2010 est) country comparison to the world: 139 $937.8 million (31 December 2009 est)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA% est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 1.284 million sq km country comparison to the world: 21 land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly more than three times the size of California

Climate [time series]

tropical in south, desert in north

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Djourab 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.23 cu km/yr (17%/0%/83%) per capita: 24 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

15 00 N, 19 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

Irrigated land [time series]

300 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 2.8% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.18% (2005)

Location [time series]

Central Africa, south of Libya

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

Natural resources [time series]

petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt

Terrain [time series]

broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south

Total renewable water resources [time series]

43 cu km (1987)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

22 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira

Capital [time series]

name: N'Djamena geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad local short form: Tchad/Tshad

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Louis NIGRO embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] 251-62-11, 251-70-09, 251-77-59 FAX: [235] 251-56-54

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Adam BECHIR chancery: 2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Emmanuel NADINGAR (since 5 March 2010) cabinet: Council of State; members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last election held on 3 May 2006 (next to be held by May 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 64.7%, Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE 15.1%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 7.8%, Mahamat ABDOULAYE 7.1%, Brahim KOULAMALLAH 5.3%; note - a June 2005 national referendum altered the constitution removing presidential term limits and permitting Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno to run for reelection

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice note: similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

11 August 1960 (from France)

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts

Legal system [time series]

based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the 1996 constitution called for a Senate that has never been formed elections: National Assembly - last held on 21 April 2002 (next to be held by February 2011); note - legislative elections, originally scheduled for 2006, were first delayed by National Assembly action and subsequently by an accord, signed in August 2007, between government and opposition parties election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, UNDR 5, URD 3, other 11

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "La Tchadienne" (The Chadian) lyrics/music: Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD note: adopted 1960

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

rebel groups

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant rebel threat in early 2008.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 2,025,929 females age 16-49: 2,377,898 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,141,776 females age 16-49: 1,354,111 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 125,073 female: 125,069 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Armed Forces: Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT), Chadian Air Force (Force Aerienne Tchadienne, FAT), Gendarmerie (2008)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.7% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 89

Military service age and obligation [time series]

20 years of age for conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 46.7% (male 2,445,841/female 2,381,319) 15-64 years: 50.4% (male 2,386,428/female 2,816,050) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 126,351/female 173,219) (2010 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

40.12 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 13

Death rate [time series]

15.79 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

1.9% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 173

Ethnic groups [time series]

Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

3.5% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

14,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

200,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 97.05 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 9 male: 103 deaths/1,000 live births female: 90.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 47.99 years country comparison to the world: 217 male: 46.95 years female: 49.07 years (2010 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic total population: 25.7% male: 40.8% female: 12.8% (2000 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Median age [time series]

total: 16.6 years male: 15.5 years female: 17.8 years (2010 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian

Net migration rate [time series]

-3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Population [time series]

10,543,464 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Population growth rate [time series]

2.038% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 50

Religions [time series]

Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 6 years male: 8 years female: 4 years (2005)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.18 children born/woman (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 27% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 4.7% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

since 2003, Janjawid armed militia and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad remains an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict, reducing tensions with Sudan arising from cross-border banditry; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 234,000 (Sudan); 54,200 (Central African Republic) IDPs: 178,918 (2007)

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Chad is a source, transit, and destination country for children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; the majority of children are trafficked within Chad for involuntary domestic servitude, forced cattle herding, forced begging, forced labor in petty commerce or the fishing industry, or for commercial sexual exploitation; to a lesser extent, Chadian children are also trafficked to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Nigeria for cattle herding; children may also be trafficked from Cameroon and the Central African Republic to Chad's oil producing regions for sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Chad does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making any significant efforts to do so; although facing resource constraints, the government has the capacity to conduct basic anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts, yet did not do so during the last year; it showed no results in enforcing government policy prohibiting the recruitment of child soldiers; Chad has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2009)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

56 (2010) country comparison to the world: 83

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 8 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 48 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 21 under 914 m: 10 (2010)

Pipelines [time series]

oil 250 km (2009)

Roadways [time series]

total: 33,400 km country comparison to the world: 96 paved: 267 km unpaved: 33,133 km (2002)

Waterways [time series]

Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2010)