View Intelligence Dossier Back to 2009 CSV Excel Print All Years

Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.es

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

3.537 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 23

Internet users [time series]

25.24 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 12

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 18, FM 250, shortwave 2 (2008)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: well developed, modern facilities; fixed-line teledensity is roughly 50 per 100 persons domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is nearly 175 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 34; submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Middle East, Asia, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

20.2 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 15

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

49.682 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 20

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

379 (2008)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $598.1 billion expenditures: $659.1 billion (2008 est.)

Central bank discount rate [time series]

3% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 102 5% (31 December 2007) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

11.02% (31 December 2008)

Current account balance [time series]

-$154.1 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 189 -$145.4 billion (2007 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$2.317 trillion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 8 $2.299 trillion (31 December 2007)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

32 (2005) country comparison to the world: 102 32.5 (1990)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

The Spanish economy grew every year from 1994 through 2008 before entering a recession that started in the third quarter of 2008. Spain's mixed capitalist economy supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is approaching that of the largest West European economies. The Socialist president, Jose Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO, in office since 2004, has made mixed progress in carrying out key structural reforms. The economy was greatly affected, especially after Zapatero's second term began in April 2008, by the bursting of the housing bubble and construction boom that had fueled much of the economic growth between 2001 and 2007. The global financial crisis exacerbated the economic downturn. GDP growth in 2008 was 1.2%, well below the 3% or higher growth the country enjoyed from 1997 through 2007. The Spanish banking system is considered solid, thanks in part to conservative oversight by the European Central Bank, and government intervention to rescue banks on the scale seen elsewhere in Europe in 2008 was not necessary. After considerable success since the mid-1990s in reducing unemployment to a 2007 low of 8%, Spain suffered a major spike in unemployment in the last few months of 2008, finishing the year with an unemployment rate over 13%.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

276.1 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 14

Electricity - exports [time series]

16.92 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

5.88 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

283.2 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 14

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)

Exports [time series]

$285.9 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 18 $256.7 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods

Exports - partners [time series]

France 18.4%, Germany 10.6%, Portugal 8.7%, Italy 8%, UK 6.7%, US 4.2% (2008)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$1.602 trillion (2008 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$1.402 trillion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 13 $1.39 trillion (2007 est.) $1.341 trillion (2006 est.) note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 3.4% industry: 29% services: 67.6% (2008 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$34,600 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 $34,400 (2007 est.) $33,200 (2006 est.) note: data are in 2008 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

0.9% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 180 3.6% (2007 est.) 4% (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 26.6% (2000)

Imports [time series]

$415.5 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 11 $380.2 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments

Imports - partners [time series]

Germany 14.5%, France 11.1%, Italy 7.4%, China 6.3%, UK 4.6%, Netherlands 4.4% (2008)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

-2.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 157

Industries [time series]

textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

4.1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 68 2.8% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

29.4% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Labor force [time series]

22.85 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 27

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 4% industry: 26.4% services: 69.5% (2008 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$1.132 trillion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 10 $1.8 trillion (31 December 2007) $1.323 trillion (31 December 2006)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

38.18 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 113

Natural gas - imports [time series]

38.59 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 8

Natural gas - production [time series]

17 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

2.548 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Oil - consumption [time series]

1.562 million bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

Oil - exports [time series]

226,900 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Oil - imports [time series]

1.813 million bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 12

Oil - production [time series]

28,130 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

150 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Population below poverty line [time series]

19.8% (2005)

Public debt [time series]

40.7% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 52 53.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$20.25 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 $19.05 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$605.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 10 $687.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$636.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 $570.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$3.45 trillion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 7 $2.976 trillion (31 December 2007)

Stock of narrow money (Stock of money) [time series]

$NA note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money and quasi money circulating within their own borders

Stock of narrow money (Stock of quasi money) [time series]

$NA

Unemployment rate [time series]

11.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 133 8.3% (2007 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 505,370 sq km country comparison to the world: 51 land: 498,980 sq km water: 6,390 sq km note: there are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly more than twice the size of Oregon

Climate [time series]

temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast

Coastline [time series]

4,964 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 37.22 cu km/yr (13%/19%/68%) per capita: 864 cu m/yr (2002)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

40 00 N, 4 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; Spain controls a number of territories in northern Morocco including the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas

Irrigated land [time series]

37,800 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,917.8 km border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 27.18% permanent crops: 9.85% other: 62.97% (2005)

Location [time series]

Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pyrenees Mountains, southwest of France

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean)

Natural hazards [time series]

periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land

Terrain [time series]

large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north

Total renewable water resources [time series]

111.1 cu km (2005)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands), Ceuta*, Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna (Catalonia), Comunidad Valenciana (Valencian Community), Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Melilla*, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco (Basque Country) note: the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla plus three small islands of Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, administered directly by the Spanish central government, are all along the coast of Morocco and are collectively referred to as Places of Sovereignty (Plazas de Soberania)

Capital [time series]

name: Madrid geographic coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: Spain is divided into two time zones including the Canary Islands

Constitution [time series]

approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum 6 December 1978; signed by the king 27 December 1978

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain conventional short form: Spain local long form: Reino de Espana local short form: Espana

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Arnold A. CHACON embassy: Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid mailing address: PSC 61, APO AE 09642 telephone: [34] (91) 587-2200 FAX: [34] (91) 587-2303 consulate(s) general: Barcelona

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Jorge DEZCALLAR de Mazarredo chancery: 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 452-0100, 728-2340 FAX: [1] (202) 833-5670 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Heir Apparent Prince FELIPE, son of the monarch, born 30 January 1968 head of government: President of the Government (Prime Minister equivalent) Jose Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO (since 17 April 2004); First Vice President (and Minister of the Presidency) Maria Teresa FERNANDEZ DE LA VEGA (since 18 April 2004), Second Vice President (and Minister of Economy and Finance) Elena SALGADO Mendez (since 8 April 2009), and Third Vice President (and Minister of Regional Affairs) Manuel CHAVES Gonzalez (since 8 April 2009) cabinet: Council of Ministers designated by the president note: there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government, but its recommendations are non-binding elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually proposed president by the monarch and elected by the National Assembly; election last held on 9 and 11 April 2008 (next to be held in March 2012); vice presidents appointed by the monarch on the proposal of the president election results: Jose Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO reelected President of the Government; percent of National Assembly vote - 46.94%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms is quartered to display the emblems of the traditional kingdoms of Spain (clockwise from upper left, Castile, Leon, Navarre, and Aragon) while Granada is represented by the stylized pomegranate at the bottom of the shield; the arms are framed by two columns representing the Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar; the red scroll across the two columns bears the imperial motto of "Plus Ultra" (further beyond) referring to Spanish lands beyond Europe

Government type [time series]

parliamentary monarchy

Independence [time series]

1492; the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain

International organization participation [time series]

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURCAT, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Legal system [time series]

civil law system, with regional applications; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral; General Courts or Las Cortes Generales (National Assembly) consists of the Senate or Senado (264 seats as of 2008; 208 members directly elected by popular vote and the other 56 - as of 2008 - appointed by the regional legislatures; to serve four-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; each of the 50 electoral provinces fills a minimum of two seats and the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla fill one seat each with members serving a four-year term; the other 248 members are determined by proportional representation based on popular vote on block lists who serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 9 March 2008 (next to be held not later than March 2012); Congress of Deputies - last held on 9 March 2008 (next to be held not later than March 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PP 101, PSOE 88, Entesa Catalona de Progress 12, CiU 4, PNV 2, CC 1, members appointed by regional legislatures 56; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 43.6%, PP 40.1%, CiU 3.1%, PNV 1.2%, ERC 1.2%, other 10.8%; seats by party - PSOE 169, PP 154, CiU 10, PNV 6, ERC 3, other 8

National holiday [time series]

National Day, 12 October (1492); year when Columbus first set foot in the Americas

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Aragonese Party or CHA [Bizen FUSTER]; Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Inigo URKULLU]; Basque Solidarity or EA [Begona ERRAZTI]; Canarian Coalition or CC [Jose Torres STINGA] (a coalition of five parties); Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress (a Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Anxo Manuel QUINTANA Gonzalez]; Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan SAURA i Laporta]; Navarra yes or Na Bai [Uxue BARKOS Berruezo] (a coalition of four Navarran parties); Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey]; Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Joan RIDAO]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO]; United Left or IU [Cayo LARA] (a coalition of parties including the Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties)

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Association for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots organization devoted primarily to opposing ETA terrorist attacks and supporting its victims); Basta Ya (Spanish for "Enough is Enough"; grassroots organization devoted primarily to opposing ETA terrorist attacks and supporting its victims); Nunca Mais (Galician for "Never Again"; formed in response to the oil Tanker Prestige oil spill); Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO; Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO. other: business and landowning interests; Catholic Church; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); university students

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39). A peaceful transition to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975, and rapid economic modernization (Spain joined the EU in 1986) gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy and made it a global champion of freedom and human rights. The government continues to battle the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist organization, but its major focus for the immediate future will be on measures to reverse the severe economic recession that started in mid-2008.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 10,033,069 females age 16-49: 9,764,937 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 8,139,020 females age 16-49: 7,899,157 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 199,124 female: 187,224 (2009 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE; includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA) (2009)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.2% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 128

Military service age and obligation [time series]

20 years of age (2004)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 14.5% (male 3,021,822/female 2,842,597) 15-64 years: 67.4% (male 13,705,107/female 13,601,399) 65 years and over: 18.1% (male 3,071,394/female 4,282,683) (2009 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

9.72 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 198

Death rate [time series]

9.99 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4.2% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 97

Ethnic groups [time series]

composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.5% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

2,300 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

140,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 4.21 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 208 male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Languages [time series]

Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%, are official regionally

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 80.05 years country comparison to the world: 23 male: 76.74 years female: 83.57 years (2009 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.9% male: 98.7% female: 97.2% (2003 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 41.1 years male: 39.7 years female: 42.5 years (2009 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Spaniard(s) adjective: Spanish

Net migration rate [time series]

0.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Population [time series]

40,525,002 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

Population growth rate [time series]

0.072% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 16 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2006)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.31 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 206

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 77% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 0.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to remain a British colony and against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement while demanding participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; Morocco serves as the primary launching site of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Illicit drugs [time series]

despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime

Transportation

Airports [time series]

153 (2009) country comparison to the world: 35

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 95 over 3,047 m: 18 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 24 under 914 m: 23 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 58 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 39 (2009)

Heliports [time series]

9 (2009)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 158 country comparison to the world: 41 by type: bulk carrier 9, cargo 14, chemical tanker 11, container 22, liquefied gas 11, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 47, petroleum tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 15, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 26 (Canada 4, Denmark 2, Germany 5, Italy 2, Mexico 3, Norway 5, UK 5) registered in other countries: 110 (Angola 1, Argentina 2, Bahamas 14, Belize 1, Brazil 9, Cape Verde 1, Cuba 1, Cyprus 6, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 1, Nigeria 1, Panama 50, Portugal 11, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, UK 1, Uruguay 6, Venezuela 1) (2008)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 7,738 km; oil 560 km; refined products 3,445 km (2008)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Tarragona, Valencia

Railways [time series]

total: 15,288 km country comparison to the world: 18 broad gauge: 11,919 km 1.668-m gauge (6,950 km electrified) standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (1,054 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,949 km 1.000-m gauge (815 km electrified); 28 km 0.914-m gauge (28 km electrified) (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 681,224 km country comparison to the world: 10 paved: 681,224 km (includes 13,872 km of expressways) (2006)

Waterways [time series]

1,000 km (2008) country comparison to the world: 65