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Communications

Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

4 (2000)

Internet country code [time series]

.sv

Internet users [time series]

40,000 (2000)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios [time series]

2.75 million (1997)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: NA domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

380,000 (1998)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

40,163 (1997)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

5 (1997)

Televisions [time series]

600,000 (1990)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products

Budget [time series]

revenues: $2.1 billion expenditures: $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.) (2001 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Salvadoran colon (SVC); US dollar (USD)

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

SVC; USD

Debt - external [time series]

$4.9 billion (2001 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

51 (1997)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

total $252 million; $57 million from US (1999 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

El Salvador is a struggling Central American economy which has been suffering from a weak tax collection system, factory closings, the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch of 1998 and the devastating earthquakes of early 2001, and weak world coffee prices. On the bright side, in recent years inflation has fallen to single digit levels, and total exports have grown substantially. The trade deficit has been offset by remittances (an estimated $1.6 billion in 2000) from Salvadorans living abroad and by external aid. As of 1 January 2001, the US dollar was made legal tender alongside the colon. Growth in 2002 will depend largely on the speed of recovery in the US.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

4.07 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports [time series]

112 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports [time series]

750 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - production [time series]

3.69 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 42% hydro: 36% other: 22% (2000) nuclear: 0%

Exchange rates [time series]

Salvadoran colones per US dollar - 8.750 (fixed since January 2001), 8.755 (fixed rate since 1993) note: since January 2001 the US dollar has also become legal tender; the exchange rate has been fixed at 8.75 colones per US dollar

Exports [time series]

$2.9 billion (2001)

Exports - commodities [time series]

offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity

Exports - partners [time series]

US 65%, Guatemala 11%, Honduras 8%, EU 5% (2000)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $28.4 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 10% industry: 30% services: 60% (2000) (2000)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $4,600 (2001 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1.4% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 39% (2001) (2001)

Imports [time series]

$5 billion (2001)

Imports - commodities [time series]

raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity

Imports - partners [time series]

US 50%, Guatemala 10%, EU 7%, Mexico 5%, (2000)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3% (2001 est.)

Industries [time series]

food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.8% (2001 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2.35 million (1999) (1999)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

48% (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

10% (2001 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 21,040 sq km water: 320 sq km land: 20,720 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Climate [time series]

tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands

Coastline [time series]

307 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates [time series]

13 50 N, 88 55 W

Geography - note [time series]

smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea

Irrigated land [time series]

360 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 545 km border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 27.27% permanent crops: 12.11% other: 60.62% (1998 est.)

Location [time series]

Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras

Map references [time series]

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 200 NM

Natural hazards [time series]

known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land

Terrain [time series]

mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan

Capital [time series]

San Salvador

Constitution [time series]

23 December 1983

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador conventional short form: El Salvador local short form: El Salvador local long form: Republica de El Salvador

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Rose M. LIKINS embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Urbanizacion Santa Elena, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023 telephone: [503] 278-4444 FAX: [503] 278-6011

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671 chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004) election results: Francisco FLORES Perez elected president; percent of vote - Francisco FLORES (ARENA) 52%, Facundo GUARDADO (FMLN) 29%, Ruben ZAMORA (CD) 7.5%, other (no individual above 3%) 11.5%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

15 September 1821 (from Spain)

International organization participation [time series]

BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FMLN 31, ARENA 27, PCN 16, PDC 5, CD 5

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; Democratic Convergence or CD [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general] (includes Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO, leader); Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$112 million (FY99)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

0.7% (FY99)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,500,712 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 951,715 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

18 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 68,103 (2002 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 37.4% (male 1,211,156; female 1,162,317) 15-64 years: 57.5% (male 1,735,744; female 1,922,395) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 144,864; female 177,205) (2002 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

28.3 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate [time series]

6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.6% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

1,300 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

25,000 (2000 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

27.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Languages [time series]

Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 70.32 years female: 74.11 years (2002 est.) male: 66.72 years

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 71.5% male: 73.5% female: 69.8% (1995 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Salvadoran(s) adjective: Salvadoran

Net migration rate [time series]

-3.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Population [time series]

6,353,681 (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

1.83% (2002 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 83% note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

3.29 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

El Salvador claims tiny Conejo Island off Honduras in the Golfo de Fonseca; many of the "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary remain undemarcated despite ICJ adjudication in 1992; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required

Illicit drugs [time series]

transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise

Transportation

Airports [time series]

83 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 78 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 61 (2002)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2002)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 10,029 km paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways) unpaved: 8,043 km (1997)

Merchant marine [time series]

none (2002 est.)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo

Railways [time series]

total: 562 km narrow gauge: 562 km 0.914-m gauge note: length of operational route is reduced to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2001 est.)

Waterways [time series]

Rio Lempa partially navigable