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Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.kw

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

3,289 (2008)

Internet users [time series]

900,000 (2007)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 6, FM 11, shortwave 1 (1998)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: the quality of service is excellent domestic: new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and open-wire and fiber-optic cable; a cellular telephone system operates throughout Kuwait, and the country is well supplied with pay telephones international: country code - 965; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); linked to Bahrain, Qatar, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 6 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean, and 2 Arabsat)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

517,000 (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

2.774 million (2007)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

13 (plus several satellite channels) (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

practically no crops; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $85.28 billion expenditures: $37.77 billion (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate [time series]

6.25% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

8.54% (31 December 2007)

Exchange rates (Currency (code)) [time series]

Kuwaiti dinar (KD)

Current account balance [time series]

$47.5 billion (2007 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$33.62 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Kuwait is a small, rich, relatively open economy with self-reported crude oil reserves of about 104 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP, 95% of export revenues, and 80% of government income. High oil prices in recent years have helped build Kuwait's budget and trade surpluses and foreign reserves. As a result of this positive fiscal situation, the need for economic reforms is less urgent and the government has not earnestly pushed through new initiatives. Despite its vast oil reserves, Kuwait experienced power outages during the summer months in 2006 and 2007 because demand exceeded power generating capacity. Power outages are likely to worsen, given its high population growth rates, unless the government can increase generating capacity. In May 2007 Kuwait changed its currency peg from the US dollar to a basket of currencies in order to curb inflation and to reduce its vulnerability to external shocks.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

39.54 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

44.75 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Exchange rates [time series]

Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar - 0.2844 (2007), 0.29 (2006), 0.292 (2005), 0.2947 (2004), 0.298 (2003)

Exports [time series]

$63.72 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

oil and refined products, fertilizers

Exports - partners [time series]

Japan 19.9%, South Korea 17%, Taiwan 11.2%, Singapore 9.9%, US 8.4%, Netherlands 4.8%, China 4.4% (2007)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$111.3 billion (2007 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$140 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 0.3% industry: 52.4% services: 47.3% (2007 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$55,900 (2007 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

4.7% (2007 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$20.64 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing

Imports - partners [time series]

US 12.7%, Japan 8.5%, Germany 7.3%, China 6.8%, South Korea 6.6%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, Italy 5.8%, UK 4.6% (2007)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1.7% (2007 est.)

Industries [time series]

petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, water desalination, food processing, construction materials

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

5.5% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

19.7% of GDP (2007 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2.093 million note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$128.9 billion (2006)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

12.5 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

12.5 billion cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

1.586 trillion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)

Oil - consumption [time series]

334,700 bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

2.356 million bbl/day (2005)

Oil - imports [time series]

8,022 bbl/day (2005)

Oil - production [time series]

2.613 million bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

104 billion bbl (1 January 2008 est.)

Public debt [time series]

9.7% of GDP (2007 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$16.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$24.22 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$898 million (2007 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$78.25 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of narrow money (Stock of money) [time series]

$15.12 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of narrow money (Stock of quasi money) [time series]

$55.2 billion (31 December 2007)

Unemployment rate [time series]

2.2% (2004 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 17,820 sq km land: 17,820 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate [time series]

dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters

Coastline [time series]

499 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: unnamed location 306 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

limited natural fresh water resources; some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertification

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.44 cu km/yr (45%/2%/52%) per capita: 164 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

29 30 N, 45 45 E

Geography - note [time series]

strategic location at head of Persian Gulf

Irrigated land [time series]

130 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 462 km border countries: Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 0.84% permanent crops: 0.17% other: 98.99% (2005)

Location [time series]

Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia

Map references [time series]

Middle East

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year but are most common between March and August

Natural resources [time series]

petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas

Terrain [time series]

flat to slightly undulating desert plain

Total renewable water resources [time series]

0.02 cu km (1997)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

6 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Ahmadi, Al 'Asimah, Al Farwaniyah, Al Jahra', Hawalli, Mubarak al Kabir

Capital [time series]

name: Kuwait geographic coordinates: 29 22 N, 47 58 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

approved and promulgated 11 November 1962

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: State of Kuwait conventional short form: Kuwait local long form: Dawlat al Kuwayt local short form: Al Kuwayt

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Deborah K. JONES embassy: Bayan 36302, Block 13, Al-Masjed Al-Aqsa Street (near the Bayan palace), Kuwait City mailing address: P. O. Box 77 Safat 13001 Kuwait; or PSC 1280 APO AE 09880-9000 telephone: [965] 259-1001 FAX: [965] 538-0282

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador SALIM al-Abdallah al-Jabir al-Sabah chancery: 2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 966-0702 FAX: [1] (202) 966-0517

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: Amir SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 29 January 2006); Crown Prince NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah head of government: Prime Minister NASIR MUHAMMAD al-Ahmad al-Sabah (since 3 April 2007); First Deputy Prime Minister JABIR Mubarak al-Hamad al-Sabah (since 9 February 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers MUHAMMAD al-Sabah al-Salim al-Sabah (since 9 February 2006) and Faysal al-HAJJI (since 5 April 2007); note - the Amir accepted the resignation of the prime minister and cabinet on 1 December 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister and approved by the Amir elections: none; the amir is hereditary; the amir appoints the prime minister and deputy prime ministers

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; design, which dates to 1961, based on the Arab revolt flag of World War I

Government type [time series]

constitutional emirate

Independence [time series]

19 June 1961 (from UK)

International organization participation [time series]

ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional members), AFESD, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

High Court of Appeal

Legal system [time series]

civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (50 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms; all cabinet ministers are also ex officio voting members of the National Assembly) elections: last held 17 May 2008 (next election to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by bloc - NA; seats by bloc - Sunni 21, Islamic Salafi Alliance 10, Liberals 7, Shiites 5, Popular Action Bloc 4, Islamic Constitutional Movement 3

National holiday [time series]

National Day, 25 February (1950)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

none; formation of political parties is in practice illegal but is not forbidden by law

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

other: Islamists; merchants; political groups; secular liberals and pro-governmental deputies; Shia activists; tribal groups

Suffrage [time series]

NA years of age; universal (adult); note - males in the military or police are not allowed to vote; adult females were allowed to vote as of 16 May 2005; all voters must have been citizens for 20 years

Introduction

Background [time series]

Britain oversaw foreign relations and defense for the ruling Kuwaiti AL-SABAH dynasty from 1899 until independence in 1961. Kuwait was attacked and overrun by Iraq on 2 August 1990. Following several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led, UN coalition began a ground assault on 23 February 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. Kuwait spent more than $5 billion to repair oil infrastructure damaged during 1990-91. The AL-SABAH family has ruled since returning to power in 1991 and reestablished an elected legislature that in recent years has become increasingly assertive.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,032,408 females age 16-49: 568,657 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 892,816 females age 16-49: 500,540 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 17,737 female: 18,519 (2008 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Land Forces, Kuwaiti Navy, Kuwaiti Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Kuwaitiya), National Guard (2007)

Military expenditures [time series]

5.3% of GDP (2006)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; reserve obligation to age 40 with 1 month annual training; women have served in police forces since 1999 (2006)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 26.6% (male 351,057/female 338,634) 15-64 years: 70.6% (male 1,172,460/female 659,927) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 46,770/female 27,951) (2008 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

21.9 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate [time series]

2.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

3.8% of GDP (2006)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.12% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 9.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Languages [time series]

Arabic (official), English widely spoken

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 77.53 years male: 76.38 years female: 78.73 years (2008 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.3% male: 94.4% female: 91% (2005 census)

Median age [time series]

total: 26.1 years male: 28 years female: 22.6 years (2008 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Kuwaiti(s) adjective: Kuwaiti

Net migration rate [time series]

16.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Population [time series]

2,596,799 note: includes 1,291,354 non-nationals (July 2008 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

3.591% note: this rate reflects a return to pre-Gulf crisis immigration of expatriates (2008 est.)

Religions [time series]

Muslim 85% (Sunni 70%, Shia 30%), other (includes Christian, Hindu, Parsi) 15%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 13 years male: 12 years female: 13 years (2006)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.78 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.67 male(s)/female total population: 1.53 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.81 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue negotiating a joint maritime boundary with Iran; no maritime boundary exists with Iraq in the Persian Gulf

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Kuwait is a destination country for men and women who migrate legally from South and Southeast Asia for domestic or low-skilled labor, but are subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude by employers in Kuwait including conditions of physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages, confinement to the home, and withholding of passports to restrict their freedom of movement; Kuwait is reportedly a transit point for South and East Asian workers recruited for low-skilled work in Iraq; some of these workers are deceived as to the true location and nature of this work, and others are subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude in Iraq tier rating: Tier 3 - insufficient efforts in 2007 to prosecute and punish abusive employers and those who traffic women for sexual exploitation; the government failed for the fourth year in a row to live up to promises to provide shelter and protective services for victims of involuntary domestic servitude and other forms of trafficking (2008)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

7 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2007)

Heliports [time series]

4 (2007)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 38 by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 1, carrier 3, container 6, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 22 registered in other countries: 34 (Bahrain 5, Comoros 1, Libya 1, Panama 2, Qatar 7, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saudi Arabia 7, UAE 10) (2008)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 269 km; oil 540 km; refined products 57 km (2007)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Az Zawr (Mina' Sa'ud), Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi

Roadways [time series]

total: 5,749 km paved: 4,887 km unpaved: 862 km (2004)