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Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.cm

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

39 (2006)

Internet users [time series]

167,000 (2005)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2002)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: available only to business and government domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 237; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

99,400 (2004)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

2.259 million (2005)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

1 (2002)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber

Budget [time series]

revenues: $3.263 billion expenditures: $2.705 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency (code)) [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Current account balance [time series]

$39 million (2005 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$9.168 billion (2005 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

44.6 (2001)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

in January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices have considerable impact on the economy.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

2.779 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - production [time series]

2.988 billion kWh (2003)

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)

Exports [time series]

$3.236 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton

Exports - partners [time series]

Spain 17.2%, Italy 13.7%, France 9.4%, South Korea 8.1%, UK 8%, Netherlands 7.8%, Belgium 4.8%, US 4.3% (2005)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$15.35 billion (2005 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$39.75 billion (2005 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 44.8% industry: 17% services: 38.2% (2005 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$2,300 (2005 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

2.4% (2005 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 1.9% highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)

Imports [time series]

$2.514 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food

Imports - partners [time series]

France 25%, Nigeria 12.5%, Belgium 6.6%, China 5.8%, US 5.3%, Thailand 4.7%, Germany 4.4% (2005)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

4.2% (1999 est.)

Industries [time series]

petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2% (2005 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

17.3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Labor force [time series]

6.86 million (2005 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 70% industry: 13% services: 17%

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2003 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m NA cu m

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m NA cu m

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2003 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

110.4 billion cu m (2005)

Oil - consumption [time series]

23,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

NA bbl/day

Oil - imports [time series]

NA bbl/day

Oil - production [time series]

82,300 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

85 million bbl (2005 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

48% (2000 est.)

Public debt [time series]

65.9% of GDP (2005 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$964.8 million (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

30% (2001 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 475,440 sq km land: 469,440 sq km water: 6,000 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly larger than California

Climate [time series]

varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north

Coastline [time series]

402 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako 4,095 m (on Mt. Cameroon)

Environment - current issues [time series]

waterborne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

6 00 N, 12 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano

Irrigated land [time series]

260 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 12.54% permanent crops: 2.52% other: 84.94% (2005)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 50 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes

Natural resources [time series]

petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest

Capital [time series]

name: Yaounde geographic coordinates: 3 52 N, 11 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon local long form: Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroon local short form: Cameroun/Cameroon former: French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Niels MARQUARDT embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 telephone: [237] 220 15 00; Consular: [237] 220 16 03 FAX: [237] 220 16 20; Consular FAX: [237] 220 17 52 branch office(s): Douala

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim INONI (since 8 December 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held by October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 70.9%, John FRU NDI 17.4%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 4.5%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.7%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type [time series]

republic; multiparty presidential regime

Independence [time series]

1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International organization participation [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and six substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)

Legal system [time series]

based on French civil law system, with common law influence; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21 note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established

National holiday [time series]

Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]

Suffrage [time series]

20 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite a slow movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy headed by President Paul BIYA.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 18-49: 3,525,307 females age 18-49: 3,461,406 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 18-49: 1,946,767 females age 18-49: 1,834,600 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually [time series]

males age 18-49: 191,619 females age 18-49: 187,082 (2005 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Cameroon Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC) (2006)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

1.5% (2005 est.)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (1999)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 41.2% (male 3,614,430/female 3,531,047) 15-64 years: 55.5% (male 4,835,453/female 4,796,276) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 260,342/female 303,154) (2006 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

33.89 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate [time series]

13.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

6.9% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

49,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

560,000 (2003 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 63.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 67.38 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Languages [time series]

24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 51.16 years male: 50.98 years female: 51.34 years (2006 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 84.7% female: 73.4% (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2005)

Median age [time series]

total: 18.9 years male: 18.7 years female: 19 years (2006 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Population [time series]

17,340,702 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.04% (2006 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.39 children born/woman (2006 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission, which continues to meet regularly to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; implementation of the ICJ ruling on the Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea is impeded by imprecisely defined coordinates and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the Bakassi Peninsula, then agreed, but much of the indigenous population opposes cession; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 39,290 (Chad) 16,686 (Nigeria) 9,634 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2005)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

47 (2006)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 9 (2006)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 38,613 GRT/68,820 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (France 1) (2006)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 70 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,107 km (2006)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Douala, Limboh Terminal

Railways [time series]

total: 987 km narrow gauge: 987 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)

Roadways [time series]

total: 80,932 km paved: 5,398 km unpaved: 75,534 km (2002)

Waterways [time series]

navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2005)