Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

29 (2000)

Internet country code [time series]

.se

Internet users [time series]

4.5 million (2000)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)

Radios [time series]

8.25 million (1997)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels international: 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

6.017 million (December 1998)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

3.835 million (October 1998)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)

Televisions [time series]

4.6 million (1997)

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

grains, sugar beets, potatoes; meat, milk

Budget [time series]

revenues: $133 billion expenditures: $125.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Swedish krona (SEK)

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

SEK

Debt - external [time series]

$66.5 billion (1994)

Economic aid (Economic aid - donor) [time series]

ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole twentieth century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. In recent years, however, this extraordinarily favorable picture has been somewhat clouded by budgetary difficulties, high unemployment, and a gradual loss of competitiveness in international markets. Sweden has harmonized its economic policies with those of the EU, which it joined at the start of 1995. GDP growth is forecast for 4% in 2001.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

128.819 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports [time series]

15.9 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports [time series]

8.35 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production [time series]

146.633 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 5.53% hydro: 47.24% nuclear: 45.42% other: 1.81% (1999)

Exchange rates [time series]

Swedish kronor per US dollar - 9.4669 (January 2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999), 7.9499 (1998), 7.6349 (1997), 6.7060 (1996)

Exports [time series]

$95.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Exports - commodities [time series]

machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals

Exports - partners [time series]

EU 55% (Germany 11%, UK 10%, Denmark 6%, Finland 5%, France 5%), US 9%, Norway 8% (1999)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $197 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 2.2% industry: 27.9% services: 69.9% (1999)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $22,200 (2000 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

4.3% (2000 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.7% highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)

Imports [time series]

$80 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing

Imports - partners [time series]

EU 67% (Germany 18%, UK 10%, Denmark 7%, France 6%), Norway 8%, US 6% (1999)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

7% (2000 est.)

Industries [time series]

iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.2% (2000 est.)

Labor force [time series]

4.4 million (2000 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Unemployment rate [time series]

6% (2000 est.)

Area [time series]

total: 449,964 sq km land: 410,934 sq km water: 39,030 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly larger than California

Climate [time series]

temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Coastline [time series]

3,218 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geographic coordinates [time series]

62 00 N, 15 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

Irrigated land [time series]

1,150 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,205 km border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 7% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 68% other: 24% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines territorial sea: 12 NM (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)

Natural hazards [time series]

ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic

Natural resources [time series]

zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

Administrative divisions [time series]

21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands

Capital [time series]

Stockholm

Constitution [time series]

1 January 1975

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden conventional short form: Sweden local long form: Konungariket Sverige local short form: Sverige

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Lyndon Lowell OLSON, Jr. embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch) telephone: [46] (8) 783 53 00

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Jan ELIASSON chancery: 1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702 telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977) head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; prime minister elected by the Parliament; election last held NA September 1998 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[1] (202) 467-2699 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[46] (8) 661 19 64

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Government type [time series]

constitutional monarchy

Independence [time series]

6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)

International organization participation [time series]

AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 20 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2002) election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 36.5%, Moderates 22.7%, Left Party 12%, Christian Democrats 11.8%, Center Party 5.1%, Liberal Party 4.7%, Greens 4.5%; seats by party - Social Democrats 131, Moderates 82, Left Party 43, Christian Democrats 42, Center Party 18, Liberal Party 17, Greens 16

National holiday [time series]

Flag Day, 6 June

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Center Party [Lennart DALEUS]; Christian Democratic Party [Alf SVENSSON]; Communist Workers' Party [Rolf HAGEL]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokesperson is Briger SCHLAUG]; Left Party or VP (formerly Communist) [Gudrun SCHYMAN]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Bo LUNDGREN]; New Democracy Party [Vivianne FRANZEN]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

NA

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Background [time series]

A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements has recently been undermined by high unemployment, rising maintenance costs, and a declining position in world markets. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe caused Sweden not to join the EU until 1995, and to forgo the introduction of the euro in 1999.

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Navy, Swedish Air Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$5 billion (FY98)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

2.1% (FY98)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 2,062,566 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,803,995 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

19 years of age

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 51,506 (2001 est.)

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 18.19% (male 828,308; female 786,353) 15-64 years: 64.53% (male 2,911,949; female 2,814,730) 65 years and over: 17.28% (male 649,296; female 884,417) (2001 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

9.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate [time series]

10.61 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.08% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

less than 100 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

3,000 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

3.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Languages [time series]

Swedish note: small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 79.71 years male: 77.07 years female: 82.5 years (2001 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1979 est.) male: NA% female: NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Swede(s) adjective: Swedish

Net migration rate [time series]

0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Population [time series]

8,875,053 (July 2001 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.02% (2001 est.)

Religions [time series]

Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Airports [time series]

255 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 147 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 80 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 25 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 108 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 103 (2000 est.)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2000 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 210,760 km paved: 162,707 km (including 1,428 km of expressways) unpaved: 48,053 km (1999)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 167 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,205,370 GRT/1,663,091 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 31, combination ore/oil 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 29, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 40, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 6, vehicle carrier 17 (2000 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

natural gas 84 km

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall

Railways [time series]

total: 12,821 km (includes 3,594 km of privately owned railways) standard gauge: 12,821 km 1.435-m gauge (7,918 km electrified and 1,152 km double track) (1998)

Waterways [time series]

2,052 km note: navigable for small steamers and barges