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Communications

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

96 km

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

international digital microwave network; international landline circuits to France and Spain; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV; 17,700 telephones

Defense Forces

Note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables

Budget [time series]

revenues $119.4 million; expenditures $190 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

the French and Spanish currencies are used

Economic aid [time series]

none

Electricity [time series]

35,000 kW capacity; 140 million kWh produced, 2,570 kWh per capita (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988); Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 114.59 (January 1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988)

Exports [time series]

$23 million (f.o.b., 1989) commodities: electricity, tobacco products, furniture partners: France, Spain

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$NA

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Imports [time series]

$888.7 million (f.o.b., 1989) commodities: consumer goods, food partners: France, Spain

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate NA%

Industries [time series]

tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, banking

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

NA%

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $760 million (1992 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$14,000 (1992 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

NA% (1992 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The mainstay of Andorra's economy is tourism. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes significantly to the economy. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Although it is a member of the EC customs union, it is unclear what effect the European Single Market will have on the advantages Andorra obtains from its duty-free status.

Unemployment rate [time series]

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 450 km2 land area: 450 km2 comparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Climate [time series]

temperate; snowy, cold winters and cool, dry summers

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

deforestation, overgrazing

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

none

Irrigated land [time series]

NA km2

Land boundaries [time series]

total 125 km, France 60 km, Spain 65 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 56% forest and woodland: 22% other: 20%

Location [time series]

Western Europe, between France and Spain

Map references [time series]

Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Capital [time series]

Andorra la Vella

Constitution [time series]

Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March 1993; to take effect within 15 days

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

Andorra has no mission in the US

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

General Council of the Valleys: last held 12 April 1992 (next to be held April 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) number of seats by party NA

Executive branch [time series]

two co-princes (president of France, bishop of Seo de Urgel in Spain), two designated representatives (French veguer, Episcopal veguer), two permanent delegates (French prefect for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, Spanish vicar general for the Seo de Urgel diocese), president of government, Executive Council

Flag [time series]

three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not have a national coat of arms in the center

Independence [time series]

1278

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) for civil cases, the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain) for civil cases, Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) for criminal cases

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chiefs of State: French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS (since NA); Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Juan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Bata Head of Government: Executive Council President Oscar RIBAS Reig (since 10 Decmber 1989)

Legal system [time series]

based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral General Council of the Valleys (Consell General de las Valls)

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

INTERPOL, IOC

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form: Andorra

National holiday [time series]

Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party, Andorran Democratic Association, was formed in 1976 and reorganized in 1979 as Andorran Democratic Party

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age, universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

parliamentary coprincipality under formal sovereignty of president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers; to be changed to a parliamentary form of government

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

Andorra is included within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District, and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically

People

Birth rate [time series]

13.78 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

6.99 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

Languages [time series]

Catalan (official), French, Castilian

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 78.22 years male: 75.35 years female: 81.34 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran

Net migration rate [time series]

25.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

61,962 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

3.27% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic (predominant)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.73 children born/woman (1993 est.)