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Communications

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

96 km

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

international digital microwave network; international landline circuits to France and Spain; stations--1 AM, no FM, no TV; 17,700 telephones

Defense Forces

Note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables

Aid [time series]

none

Budget [time series]

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

French franc (plural--francs) and Spanish peseta (plural--pesetas); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes and 1 Spanish peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos

Electricity [time series]

35,000 kW capacity; 140 million kWh produced, 2,800 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates [time series]

French francs (F) per US$1--5.7598 (January 1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985); Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1--109.69 (January 1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988), 123.48 (1987), 140.05 (1986), 170.04 (1985)

Exports [time series]

$0.017 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities--electricity; partners--France, Spain

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$NA

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GNP [time series]

$NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate NA%

Imports [time series]

$531 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities--NA; partners--France, Spain

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate NA%

Industries [time series]

tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, smuggling, banking

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

NA%

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The mainstay of Andorra's economy is tourism. An estimated 12 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. The rapid pace of European economic integration is a potential threat to Andorra's advantages from its duty-free status.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Climate [time series]

temperate; snowy, cold winters and cool, dry summers

Coastline [time series]

none--landlocked

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

deforestation, overgrazing

Land boundaries [time series]

125 km total; France 60 km, Spain 65 km

Land use [time series]

2% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 56% meadows and pastures; 22% forest and woodland; 20% other

Maritime claims [time series]

none--landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Area (Total area) [time series]

450 km2; land area: 450 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

7 parishes (parroquies, singular--parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Capital [time series]

Andorra la Vella

Political parties (Communists) [time series]

negligible

Constitution [time series]

none; some pareatges and decrees, mostly custom and usage

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Andorra has no mission in the US; US--includes Andorra within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically; Consul General Ruth A. DAVIS; Consulate General at Via Layetana 33, Barcelona 3, Spain (mailing address APO NY 09286); telephone [34] (3) 319-9550

Executive branch [time series]

two co-princes (president of France, bishop of Seo de Urgel in Spain), two designated representatives (French veguer, Episcopal veguer), two permanent delegates (French prefect for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, Spanish vicar general for the Seo de Urgel diocese), president of government, Executive Council

Flag [time series]

three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flag of Chad which does not have a national coat of arms in the center; also similar to the flag of Romania which has a national coat of arms featuring a mountain landscape below a red five-pointed star and the words REPUBLICA SOCIALISTA ROMANIA at the bottom

Independence [time series]

1278

Judicial branch [time series]

civil cases--Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) or the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain); criminal cases--Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) Chiefs of State--French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Louis DEBLE; Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Joan MARTI y Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Batalla; Head of Government--Josep PINTAT Solans (since NA 1984)

Legal system [time series]

based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral General Council of the Valleys (Consell General de las Valls)

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Principality of Andorra

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CCC, UNESCO

National holiday [time series]

Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party, Andorran Democratic Association, was formed in 1976 and reorganized in 1979 as Andorran Democratic Party

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18 General Council of the Valleys--last held 11 December 1989 (next to be held December 1993); results--percent of vote NA; seats--(28 total) number of seats by party NA

Government type (Type) [time series]

unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers

People

Birth rate [time series]

12 births/1,000 population (1990)

Death rate [time series]

4 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Catalan stock; 61% Spanish, 30% Andorran, 6% French, 3% other

Infant mortality rate [time series]

7 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

Labor force [time series]

Languages (Language) [time series]

Catalan (official); many also speak some French and Castilian

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

74 years male, 81 years female (1990)

Literacy [time series]

100%

Nationality [time series]

noun--Andorran(s); adjective--Andorran

Net migration rate [time series]

18 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

Organized labor [time series]

none

Population [time series]

51,895 (July 1990), growth rate 2.6% (1990)

Religions (Religion) [time series]

virtually all Roman Catholic

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.3 children born/woman (1990)