ARCHIVE // MO // 1992

Macau

1992 Edition — special_admin

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
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Communications
Airports [time series]
none useable, 1 under construction; 1 seaplane station
Civil air [time series]
no major transport aircraft
Roadways (Highways) [time series]
42 km paved
Ports [time series]
Macau
Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]
fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services; 52,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 4 AM, 3 FM, no TV; 75,000 radio receivers (est.); international high-frequency radio communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
Defense Forces
Manpower availability [time series]
males 15-49, 135,923; 76,414 fit for military service
Note [time series]
defense is responsibility of Portugal
Note [time series]
Macedonia has proclaimed independent statehood but has not been formally recognized as a state by the United States.
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]
rice, vegetables; food shortages - rice, vegetables, meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements
Budget [time series]
revenues $305 million; expenditures $298 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989)
Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]
pataca (plural - patacas); 1 pataca (P) = 100 avos
Economic aid [time series]
none
Electricity [time series]
220,000 kW capacity; 520 million kWh produced, 1,165 kWh per capita (1991)
Exchange rates [time series]
patacas (P) per US$1 - 8.034 (1991), 8.024 (1990), 8.030 (1989), 8.044 (1988), 7.993 (1987); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
Exports [time series]
$1.5 billion (1990 est.) commodities: textiles, clothing, toys partners: US 33%, Hong Kong 15%, FRG 12%, France 10% (1987)
Debt - external (External debt) [time series]
$91 million (1985)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]
exchange rate conversion - $3.1 billion, per capita $6,900; real growth rate 6% (1991 est.)
Imports [time series]
$1.8 billion (1990 est.) commodities: raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods partners: Hong Kong 39%, China 21%, Japan 10% (1987)
Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]
NA
Industries [time series]
clothing, textiles, toys, plastic products, furniture, tourism
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
8.8% (1990 est.)
Economic overview (Overview) [time series]
The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about two-thirds of export earnings; the gambling industry represented 36% of GDP in 1991. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods.
Unemployment rate [time series]
2% (1989 est.)
Geography
Climate [time series]
subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline [time series]
40 km
Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]
about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]
none
Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]
essentially urban; one causeway and one bridge connect the two islands to the peninsula on mainland
Area (Land area) [time series]
16 km2
Land boundaries [time series]
0.34 km; China 0.34 km
Land use [time series]
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%
Maritime claims [time series]
not known
Natural resources [time series]
negligible
Note [time series]
27 km west-southwest of Hong Kong on the southeast coast of China
Terrain [time series]
generally flat
Area (Total area) [time series]
16 km2
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
2 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Ilhas, Macau
Capital [time series]
Macau
Constitution [time series]
17 February 1976, Organic Law of Macau; basic law drafted primarily by Beijing awaiting final approval
Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]
as Chinese territory under Portuguese administration, Macanese interests in the US are represented by Portugal US: the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Executive branch (Elections) [time series]
Legislative Assembly: last held on 10 March 1991; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (23 total; 8 elected by universal suffrage, 8 by indirect suffrage, and 7 appointed by the governor) number of seats by party NA
Executive branch [time series]
President of Portugal, governor, Consultative Council (cabinet)
Flag [time series]
the flag of Portugal is used
Independence [time series]
none (territory of Portugal); Portugal signed an agreement with China on 13 April 1987 to return Macau to China on 20 December 1999; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Macau's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle for 50 years after transition
Judicial branch [time series]
Supreme Court
Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]
Chief of State: President (of Portugal) Mario Alberto SOARES (since 9 March 1986) Head of Government: Governor Gen. Vasco Joachim Rocha VIEIRA (since 20 March 1991)
Legal system [time series]
Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch [time series]
Legislative Assembly
Country name (Long-form name) [time series]
none
International organization participation (Member of) [time series]
IMO (associate), WTO (associate)
National holiday [time series]
Day of Portugal, 10 June
Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]
wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy pro-Communist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 the Macau Government acceded to Chinese demands that gave China veto power over administration
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Association to Defend the Interests of Macau; Macau Democratic Center; Group to Study the Development of Macau; Macau Independent Group
Suffrage [time series]
universal at age 18
Government type (Type) [time series]
overseas territory of Portugal; scheduled to revert to China in 1999
People
Birth rate [time series]
17 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate [time series]
4 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]
Chinese 95%, Portuguese 3%, other 2%
Infant mortality rate [time series]
8 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Labor force [time series]
180,000 (1986)
Languages [time series]
Portuguese (official); Cantonese is the language of commerce
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
78 years male, 84 years female (1992)
Literacy [time series]
90% (male 93%, female 86%) age 15 and over can read and write (1981)
Nationality [time series]
noun - Macanese (singular and plural); adjective - Macau
Net migration rate [time series]
4 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Organized labor [time series]
none
Population [time series]
473,333 (July 1992), growth rate 1.7% (1992)
Religions [time series]
Buddhist 45%, Roman Catholic 7%, Protestant 1%, none 45.8%, other 1.2% (1981)
Total fertility rate [time series]
1.6 children born/woman (1992)