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Communications

Airports [time series]

259 total, 256 usable; 138 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 91 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air [time series]

65 major transports

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

97,400 km (51,899 km paved, 20,659 km gravel, 24,842 km unimproved earth)

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges

Merchant marine [time series]

173 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,856,217 GRT/2,215,659 DWT; includes 9 short-sea passenger, 29 cargo, 3 container, 42 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 11 vehicle carrier, 2 railcar carrier, 27 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 25 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 5 combination ore/oil, 6 specialized tanker, 12 bulk, 1 combination bulk

Pipelines [time series]

84 km natural gas

Ports [time series]

Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Kalmar, Malmo, Stockholm; numerous secondary and minor ports

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

12,000 km total; Swedish State Railways (SJ)--10,819 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 6,955 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891-meter gauge; 117 km rail ferry service; privately owned railways--511 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (332 km electrified); 371 km 0.891-meter gauge (all electrified)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

excellent domestic and international facilities; 8,200,000 telephones; stations--4 AM, 56 (320 relays) FM, 110 (925 relays) TV; 5 submarine coaxial cables; communication satellite earth stations operating in the INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean) and EUTELSAT systems

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Royal Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Air Force, Royal Swedish Navy

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$4.5 billion (1989 est.)

Military manpower [time series]

males 15-49, 2,133,101; 1,865,526 fit for military service; 56,632 reach military age (19) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

animal husbandry predominates, with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops--grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient in grains and potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets

Aid [time series]

donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-87), $7.9 billion

Budget [time series]

revenues $58.0 billion; expenditures $57.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY89)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Swedish krona (plural--kronor); 1 Swedish krona (SKr) = 100 ore

Electricity [time series]

39,716,000 kW capacity; 200,315 million kWh produced, 23,840 kWh per capita (1989)

Exchange rates [time series]

Swedish kronor (SKr) per US$1--6.1798 (January 1990), 6.4469 (1989), 6.1272 (1988), 6.3404 (1987), 7.1236 (1986), 8.6039 (1985)

Exports [time series]

$52.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products; partners--EC 52.1%, (FRG 12.1%, UK 11.2%, Denmark 6.8%), US 9.8%, Norway 9.3%

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$17.9 billion (1988)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July-30 June

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$132.7 billion, per capita $15,700; real growth rate 2.1% (1989 est.)

Imports [time series]

$48.5 billion (c.i.f., 1989 est.); commodities--machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, foodstuffs, iron and steel, clothing; partners--EC 55.8% (FRG 21.2%, UK 8.6%, Denmark 6.6%), US 7.5%, Norway 6.0%

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 3.3% (1989)

Industries [time series]

iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

5.7% (September 1989)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Aided by a long period of peace and neutrality during World War I through World War II, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has essentially full employment, a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled and intelligent labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy that is heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. As the 1990s open, however, Sweden faces serious economic problems: long waits for adequate housing, the decay of the work ethic, and a loss of competitive edge in international markets.

Unemployment rate [time series]

1.5% (1989)

Geography

Climate [time series]

temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Coastline [time series]

3,218 km

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly larger than California

Continental shelf [time series]

200 meters or to depth of exploitation;

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

water pollution; acid rain

Exclusive fishing zone [time series]

200 nm;

Land boundaries [time series]

2,193 km total; Finland 536 km, Norway 1,657 km

Land use [time series]

7% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 2% meadows and pastures; 64% forest and woodland; 27% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

Natural resources [time series]

zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower potential

Note [time series]

strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

Terrain [time series]

mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

Maritime claims (Territorial sea) [time series]

12 nm

Area (Total area) [time series]

449,960 km2; land area: 411,620 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

24 provinces (lan, singular and plural); Alvsborgs Lan, Blekinge Lan, Gavleborgs Lan, Goteborgs och Bohus Lan, Gotlands Lan, Hallands Lan, Jamtlands Lan, Jonkopings Lan, Kalmar Lan, Kopparbergs Lan, Kristianstads Lan, Kronobergs Lan, Malmohus Lan, Norrbottens Lan, Orebro Lan, Ostergotlands Lan, Skaraborgs Lan, Sodermanlands Lan, Stockholms Lan, Uppsala Lan, Varmlands Lan, Vasterbottens Lan, Vasternorrlands Lan, Vastmanlands Lan

Capital [time series]

Stockholm

Political parties (Communists) [time series]

VPK and SKP; VPK, the major Communist party, is reported to have roughly 17,800 members; in the 1988 election, the VPK attracted 5.8% of the vote

Constitution [time series]

1 January 1975

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador Anders THUNBORG; Chancery at Suite 1200, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington DC 20037; telephone (202) 944-5600; there are Swedish Consulates General in Chicago, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and New York; US--Ambassador Charles E. REDMAN; Embassy at Strandvagen 101, S-115 27 Stockholm; telephone [46] (8) 7835300

Executive branch [time series]

monarch, prime minister, Cabinet

Flag [time series]

blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Independence [time series]

6 June 1809, constitutional monarchy established

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court (Hogsta Domstolen) Chief of State--King CARL XVI Gustaf (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the King (born 14 July 1977); Head of Government--Prime Minister Ingvar CARLSSON (since 12 March 1986); Deputy Prime Minister Kjell-Olof FELDT (since NA March 1986)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Parliament (Riksdag)

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Kingdom of Sweden

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ADB, CCC, Council of Europe, DAC, EFTA, ESA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, INTELSAT, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC--International, Whaling Commission, IWC--International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

National holiday [time series]

Day of the Swedish Flag, 6 June

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Moderate (conservative), Carl Bildt; Center, Olof Johansson; Liberal People's Party, Bengt Westerberg; Social Democratic, Ingvar Carlsson; Left Party-Communist (VPK), Lars Werner; Swedish Communist Party (SKP), Rune Pettersson; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel; Green Party, no formal leader

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18 Parliament--last held 18 September 1988 (next to be held September 1991); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(349 total) Social Democratic 156, Moderate (conservative) 66, Liberals 44, Center 42, Communists 21, Greens 20

Government type (Type) [time series]

constitutional monarchy

People

Birth rate [time series]

13 births/1,000 population (1990)

Death rate [time series]

11 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority; about 12% foreign born or first-generation immigrants (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

6 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

Labor force [time series]

4,531,000 (1988); 32.8% private services, 30.0% government services, 22.0% mining and manufacturing, 5.9% construction, 5.0% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 0.9% electricity, gas, and waterworks (1986)

Languages (Language) [time series]

Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities; immigrants speak native languages

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

75 years male, 81 years female (1990)

Literacy [time series]

99%

Nationality [time series]

noun--Swede(s); adjective--Swedish

Net migration rate [time series]

3 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

Organized labor [time series]

90% of labor force (1985 est.)

Population [time series]

8,526,452 (July 1990), growth rate 0.5% (1990)

Religions (Religion) [time series]

93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 5.5% other

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.9 children born/woman (1990)