Hungary

parliamentary republic

name: Budapest geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning "water;" Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning "furnace" or "oven"

chief of state: President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024) head of government: Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president most recent election date: president: 26 February 2024 prime minister: 3 April 2022 election results: 2024: Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5 2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51 expected date of next election: president: spring 2029 prime minister: April or May 2027

legislature name: National Assembly (Országgyülés) legislative structure: unicameral chamber name: National Assembly (Orszaggyules) number of seats: 199 (all directly elected) electoral system: mixed system scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 4/3/2022 parties elected and seats per party: Hungarian Civic Union-Christian Democratic People's Party (FIDESZ-KDNP) (135); Democratic Coalition (DK) (15); Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) (10); Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (10); Momentum (10); Other (19) percentage of women in chamber: 15.6% expected date of next election: April 2026

highest court(s): Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president) judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62 subordinate courts: 5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts

history: previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

2.1% of GDP (2025 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF or Magyar Honv ds g): the HDF is organized as a joint force under a general staff with commands for land, air, cyber, special operations, territorial defense, and support forces (2025) note: the National Police are under the Ministry of Interior and responsible for maintaining order nationwide; the Ministry of Interior also has the Counterterrorism Center, a special police force responsible for protecting the president and the prime minister and for preventing, uncovering, and detecting terrorist acts

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005) (2026)

the Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are responsible for ensuring the defense of the country s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizens, and fulfilling Hungary s commitments to the EU and NATO, as well as contributing to other international peacekeeping efforts under the UN; key areas of concern for the HDF the HDF is also responsible for some aspects of domestic security, crisis management, disaster response, and assisting law enforcement forces in border security Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2025)

250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 200 Chad; 470 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2025)

$389.207 billion (2024 est.) $387.223 billion (2023 est.) $390.513 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$40,700 (2024 est.) $40,400 (2023 est.) $40,700 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

0.5% (2024 est.) -0.8% (2023 est.) 4.3% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

3.7% (2024 est.) 17.1% (2023 est.) 14.6% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

75.3% of GDP (2022 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

$166.503 billion (2024 est.) $173.034 billion (2023 est.) $158.98 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$154.077 billion (2024 est.) $163.192 billion (2023 est.) $167.262 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

4.5% (2024 est.) 4.2% (2023 est.) 3.7% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $69.793 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $80.429 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 9,855,745 (2024 est.) male: 4,812,668 female: 5,043,077

-0.29% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 14.6% (male 753,955/female 683,943) 15-64 years: 63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750) 65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)

9.03 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

14.41 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 76 years (2024 est.) male: 72.9 years female: 79.3 years

urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Hungarian 84.3%, Romani 2.1%, German 1%, other 1.2%, unspecified 13.7% (2022 est.) note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic group; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5 10% of Hungary's population

Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.) major-language sample(s): A World Factbook n lk l zhetetlen forr sa az alapvető inform ci nak. (Hungarian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one spoken language

Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.)

bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

refugees: 72,359 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 101 (2024 est.)

109 (2025)

total: 7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified

total: 1 (2023) by type: other 1

total subscriptions: 10.2 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2022 est.)

percent of population: 92% (2024 est.)