Algeria

presidential republic

name: Algiers geographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: name derives from the Arabic al-jazair , meaning "the islands," and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast of the capital but joined to the mainland since 1525

chief of state: President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019) head of government: Prime Minister Sifi GHRIEB (since 28 August 2025) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the president after consultation with the majority party in Parliament most recent election date: 7 September 2024 election results: 2024: Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (NLF) 94.7%, Abdelaali Hassani CHERIF (MSP) 3.2%, Youcef AOUCHICHE (FFS) 2.2% 2019: (FLN) 58.1%, Abdelkader BENGRINA (El-Bina) 17.4%, Ali BENFLIS (Talaie El Hurriyet) 10.6%, Azzedine MIHOUBI (RND) 7.3%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Future Front) 6.7% expected date of next election: 2029

legislature name: Parliament (Barlaman) legislative structure: bicameral

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Le Cour Supr me, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years subordinate courts: appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals note: Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts

history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 1 November 2020 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens liberties and rights cannot be amended

ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

8% of GDP (2024 est.) 8% of GDP (2023 est.) 4.8% of GDP (2022 est.) 5.6% of GDP (2021 est.) 6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard, National Gendarmerie Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2025) note: the Republican Guard is subordinate to the ANP, but responsible to the President; the National Gendarmerie performs police functions outside urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense and shares responsibility with the General Directorate of National Security for maintaining law and order; it is comprised of territorial, intervention/mobile, border guard, railway, riot control, and air support units

18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19 years of age for mandatory national service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); 12 months national service obligation (2025)

the ANP is responsible for external defense but also has some internal security responsibilities; key areas of concern include border and maritime security, terrorism, regional instability, and tensions with Morocco; Algeria supports the pro-independence Polisario Front in Western Sahara and accuses Morocco of supporting the Algerian separatist Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK); border security and counterterrorism have received additional focus since the Arab Spring events of 2011 and the rise of terrorist threats emanating from Libya and the Sahel; the Army and Ministry of Defense (MND) paramilitary forces of the Gendarmerie and the border guards have beefed up their presence along the frontiers with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamist militant groups; the ANP and MND paramilitary forces have also increased counterterrorism cooperation with some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, including joint operations the ANP has also played a large role in the country s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA s resignation in 2019, when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office (2024)

$722.912 billion (2024 est.) $699.818 billion (2023 est.) $672.256 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$15,400 (2024 est.) $15,200 (2023 est.) $14,800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

3.3% (2024 est.) 4.1% (2023 est.) 3.6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

4% (2024 est.) 9.3% (2023 est.) 9.3% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

27.5% of GDP (2017 est.) note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt

$59.426 billion (2023 est.) $69.226 billion (2022 est.) $41.846 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$51.131 billion (2023 est.) $46.613 billion (2022 est.) $44.287 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

11.5% (2024 est.) 11.8% (2023 est.) 12.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $55.185 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $64.728 billion (2019 est.)

petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing

potatoes, watermelons, wheat, milk, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, oranges, dates, barley (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 47,735,685 (2025 est.) male: 24,219,668 female: 23,516,017

1.47% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 30.8% (male 7,411,337/female 7,062,794) 15-64 years: 62.3% (male 14,846,102/female 14,441,034) 65 years and over: 6.9% (2024 est.) (male 1,597,382/female 1,663,824)

19.62 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

-0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 77.9 years (2024 est.) male: 77.2 years female: 78.7 years

urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Arab-Amazigh 99%, European less than 1% note: although almost all Algerians are Amazigh in origin and not Arab, only a minority identify themselves as primarily Amazigh, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and in several other communities; the Amazigh are also Muslim but identify with their Amazigh rather than Arab cultural heritage; some Amazigh have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Amazigh languages and introduced them into public schools

Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq)) major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) 1% (2012 est.)

female: 74.2% (2019 est.)

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc

al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) Algeria; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Algeria did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Algeria remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/algeria/

refugees: 188,206 (2024 est.) IDPs: 25 (2024 est.)

95 (2025)

total: 4,020 km (2019)

total: 119 (2022) by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 14, other 89

total subscriptions: 54.1 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (2024 est.)

percent of population: 77% (2023 est.)