Chile

presidential republic

name: Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature geographic coordinates: 33 27 S, 70 40 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in August; ends second Sunday in May; note - Punta Arenas observes DST throughout the year time zone note: Chile has three time zones: the continental portion at UTC-3; the southern Ays n and Magallanes regions, which do not use daylight savings time and remain at UTC-3 year-round; and Easter Island at UTC-5 etymology: Santiago is named after Saint James, the patron saint of Spain (Santo Iago in Spanish); Valparaiso derives from the Spanish words valle (valley) and para so (paradise)

chief of state: President Gabriel BORIC (since 11 March 2022) head of government: President Gabriel BORIC (since 11 March 2022) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single 4-year term most recent election date: 16 November 2025, with a runoff held on 14 December 2025 election results: 2025: Jos Antonio KAST elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jeannette Alejandra JARA Rom n (PCCh) 26.8%, Jos Antonio KAST (PLR) 23.9%, Franco Aldo PARISI Fern ndez (PDG) 19.7%, Johannes KAISER (PNL) 13.9%, Evelyn Rose MATTHEI Fornet (PL) 12.5%; other 3.2%; percent of vote in second round - Jos Antonio KAST 58.2%, Jeannette Alejandra JARA Rom n 41.8%; note - KAST will take office 11 March 2026 2021: Gabriel BORIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jos Antonio KAST (FSC) 27.9%; Gabriel BORIC (AD) 25.8%; Franco PARISI (PDG) 12.8%; Sebastian SICHEL (ChP+) 12.8%; Yasna PROVOSTE (New Social Pact) 11.6%; other 9.1%; percent of vote in second round - Gabriel BORIC 55.9%; Jose Antonio KAST 44.1% 2017: Sebastian PINERA Echenique elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique (independent) 36.6%; Alejandro GUILLIER (independent) 22.7%; Beatriz SANCHEZ (independent) 20.3%; Jose Antonio KAST (independent) 7.9%; Carolina GOIC (PDC) 5.9%; Marco ENRIQUEZ-OMINAMI (PRO) 5.7%; other 0.9%; percent of vote in second round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique 54.6%, Alejandro GUILLIER 45.4% expected date of next election: 18 November 2029 (a runoff, if needed, will take place in December 2029) note: the president is both chief of state and head of government

legislature name: National Congress (Congreso Nacional) legislative structure: bicameral

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of a court president and 20 members); Constitutional Court (consists of 10 members and is independent of the rest of the judiciary); Elections Qualifying Court (consists of 5 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and judges (ministers) appointed by the president of the republic and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 70; Constitutional Court members appointed - 3 by the Supreme Court, 3 by the president of the republic, 2 by the Chamber of Deputies, and 2 by the Senate; members serve 9-year terms with partial membership replacement every 3 years (the court reviews constitutionality of legislation); Elections Qualifying Court members appointed by lottery - 1 by the former president or vice president of the Senate and 1 by the former president or vice president of the Chamber of Deputies, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 1 by the Appellate Court of Valparaiso; members appointed for 4-year terms subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; oral criminal tribunals; military tribunals; local police courts; specialized tribunals and courts in matters such as family, labor, customs, taxes, and electoral affairs

history: many previous; latest adopted 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; in September 2022 and again in December 2023, referendums presented for a new constitution were both defeated, and the September 1980 constitution remains in force amendment process: proposed by members of either house of the National Congress or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least four-sevenths majority vote of the membership in both houses and approval by the president; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, the Constitutional Tribunal, electoral justice, the Council of National Security, or the constitutional amendment process, requires at least four-sevenths majority vote by both houses of Congress and approval by the president; the president can opt to hold a referendum when Congress and the president disagree on an amendment

APEC, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 2% of GDP (2021 est.) 2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Armed Forces of Chile ( Fuerzas Armadas de Chile ): Chilean Army (Ej rcito de Chile), Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile, includes Marine Corps and Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine Directorate or Directemar), Chilean Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Chile, FACh) (2025) note 1: the Directemar is the country's coast guard note 2: the National Police Force (Carabineros de Chile) is responsible to both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security

18-24 for voluntary military service for men and women (17 for men with parental permission); selective compulsory service for men 18-24 (there are usually enough volunteers to make compulsory service unnecessary); service obligation is a maximum of 24 months (2025) note: as of 2024, women comprised approximately 21% of the armed forces

the Chilean military's responsibilities are territorial defense, ensuring the country s sovereignty, assisting with disaster and humanitarian relief, and providing some internal security duties such as border security or maintaining public order if required; a key focus in recent years has been assisting with securing the border area with Bolivia and Peru; it trains regularly and participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises, as well as international peacekeeping operations Chile and Argentina have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force (FPC), designed to be made available to the UN; the FPC is made up of air, ground, and naval components, as well as a combined logistics support unit the Chilean Army was founded in 1810, but traces its origins back to the Army of the Kingdom of Chile, which was established by the Spanish Crown in the early 1600s; Chile's military aviation was inaugurated in 1913 with the creation of a military aviation school; the Navy traces its origins to 1817; it was first led by a British officer and the first ships were largely crewed by American, British, and Irish sailors; by the 1880s, the Chilean Navy was one of the most powerful in the Americas, and included the world s first protected cruiser (a ship with an armored deck to protect vital machine spaces) (2025)

$596.556 billion (2024 est.) $581.187 billion (2023 est.) $578.173 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$30,200 (2024 est.) $29,600 (2023 est.) $29,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

2.6% (2024 est.) 0.5% (2023 est.) 2.2% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

4.3% (2024 est.) 7.6% (2023 est.) 11.6% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

21% of GDP (2016 est.)

$111.123 billion (2024 est.) $103.256 billion (2023 est.) $107.039 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$99.239 billion (2024 est.) $100.082 billion (2023 est.) $118.928 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

9.1% (2024 est.) 9.1% (2023 est.) 8.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $77.003 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $85.024 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

grapes, milk, apples, wheat, tomatoes, potatoes, chicken, maize, sugar beets, pork (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 19,091,343 (2025 est.) male: 9,379,883 female: 9,711,460

0.46% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 19.2% (male 1,822,908/female 1,751,528) 15-64 years: 67.3% (male 6,274,620/female 6,278,467) 65 years and over: 13.6% (2024 est.) (male 1,072,208/female 1,464,921)

8.81 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

6.79 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

2.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 80.3 years (2024 est.) male: 77.3 years female: 83.3 years

urban population: 88% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

White and non-Indigenous 88.9%, Mapuche 9.1%, Aymara 0.7%, other Indigenous groups 1% (includes Rapa Nui, Likan Antai, Quechua, Colla, Diaguita, Kawesqar, Yagan or Yamana), unspecified 0.3% (2012 est.)

Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, Indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2012 est.) major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci n b sica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census

Catholic 57%, none 25.7%, Evangelical or Protestant 16.2%, other Christians and traditions related to Christ 1.3%; less than 1%: Buddhist, Catholic Orthodox, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Islam, Judaism, other religions, no religion (2024)

total population: 96.4% (2017 est.) male: 96.5% (2017 est.) female: 96.3% (2017 est.)

copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower

Tren de Aragua (TdA) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

refugees: 15,788 (2024 est.) IDPs: 8,323 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 1,688 (2024 est.)

379 (2025)

total: 7,281.5 km (2014) narrow gauge: 3,853.5 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge broad gauge: 3,428 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge (1,691 km electrified)

total: 249 (2023) by type: bulk carrier 3, container ship 5, general cargo 66, oil tanker 14, other 161

total subscriptions: 26.2 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 133 (2024 est.)

percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)