Argentina

presidential republic

name: Buenos Aires geographic coordinates: 34 36 S, 58 22 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name translates as "fair winds" in Spanish; the full original name, Nuestra Senora Santa Maria de los Buenos Aires, was given only to the port; the city was founded separately from the port in 1536 and was named Ciudad de la Santissima Trinidad (City of the Most Holy Trinity); the shortened version of the port name eventually became the city name

chief of state: President Javier Gerardo MILEI (since 10 December 2023) head of government: President Javier Gerardo MILEI (since 10 December 2023) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president election/appointment process: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority vote (to win, a candidate must receive at least 45% of votes, or 40% of votes and a 10-point lead over the second-place candidate; if neither occurs, a second round is held); the president serves a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term) most recent election date: 22 October 2023, with a runoff held 19 November 2023 election results: 2023: Javier Gerardo MILEI elected president in second round; percent vote in first round - Sergio Tom s MASSA (FR) 36.7%, Javier Gerardo MILEI (PL) 30%, Patricia BULLRICH 23.8% (JxC/PRO), Juan SCHIARETTI (PJ) 6.8%, Myriam BREGMAN (PTS) 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Javier Gerardo MILEI 55.7%, Sergio Tom s MASSA 44.3% 2019: Alberto ngel FERN NDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Alberto Angel FERN NDEZ (TODOS) 48.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 40.4%, Roberto LAVAGNA (independent) 6.2%, other 5.3% expected date of next election: October 2027

legislature name: National Congress (Congreso de la nación) legislative structure: bicameral

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of the court president, vice president, 2 judges, 1 vacancy) judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; ministers can serve until mandatory retirement at age 75; extensions beyond 75 require renomination by the president and approval by the Senate subordinate courts: federal-level appellate, district, and territorial courts; provincial-level supreme, appellate, and first-instance courts

history: several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853 amendment process: a declaration of proposed amendments requires two-thirds majority vote by both houses of the National Congress followed by approval by an ad hoc, multi-member constitutional convention

AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CABEI, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

0.6% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2021 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic (Fuerzas Armadas de la Rep blica Argentina): Argentine Army (Ejercito Argentino, EA), Navy of the Argentine Republic (Armada Republica, ARA; includes naval aviation and naval infantry), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA) Ministry of Security: Gendarmer a Nacional Argentina (National Gendarmerie), Coast Guard (Prefectura Naval) (2025) note: all federal police forces are under the Ministry of Security

18-24 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription suspended in 1995; citizens can still be drafted in times of crisis, national emergency, or war, or if the Defense Ministry is unable to fill all vacancies to keep the military functional (2025) note 1: as of 2024, women comprised nearly 20% of the active-duty military note 2: in 2025, the Argentine Government announced the creation of a Voluntary Military Service program for people aged 18 28 to be managed by the Ministries of Defense and Human Capital; the program's goals include to instill values like discipline and patriotism while offering training in trades such as cooking, mechanics, and security, alongside opportunities to complete compulsory education

the Argentine military s primary responsibilities are territorial defense and protecting the country s sovereignty; duties also include border security, countering narcotics trafficking, and other internal missions, such as disaster response and infrastructure development; it conducts support operations and has bases in Antarctica to promote an active presence in areas of national territory that are sparsely populated; the military also participates in both bilateral and multinational training exercises and supports UN peacekeeping operations Argentina participates in the Tripartite Command, an interagency security mechanism created by Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to exchange information and combat transnational threats, such as crime and terrorism, in the Tri-Border Area; in addition, Argentina and Chile have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force, designed to be made available to the UN; Argentina has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation the Army and Navy were both created in 1810 during the Argentine War of Independence, while the Air Force was established in 1945; the military conducted coups d' tat in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966, and 1976; the 1976 coup, aka the "National Reorganization Process," marked the beginning of the so-called "Dirty War," a period of state-sponsored terrorism that saw the deaths or disappearances of thousands of Argentinians; the defeat in the 1982 Falklands War led to the downfall of the military junta (2025)

230 Cyprus (UNFICYP) (2025)

$1.213 trillion (2024 est.) $1.234 trillion (2023 est.) $1.255 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$26,500 (2024 est.) $27,100 (2023 est.) $27,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

-1.7% (2024 est.) -1.6% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

73.1% (2022 est.) 47.1% (2021 est.) 40.5% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

55% of GDP (2016 est.)

$96.899 billion (2024 est.) $82.947 billion (2023 est.) $102.928 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$79.999 billion (2024 est.) $92.3 billion (2023 est.) $97.399 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

7.9% (2024 est.) 6.2% (2023 est.) 6.9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $115.69 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $139.037 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel

maize, soybeans, sugarcane, wheat, milk, sunflower seeds, barley, beef, potatoes, chicken (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 45,418,098 (2025 est.) male: 22,535,980 female: 22,882,118

0.26% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 23.3% (male 5,632,983/female 5,301,778) 15-64 years: 63.9% (male 15,071,215/female 14,956,069) 65 years and over: 12.8% (2024 est.) (male 2,570,596/female 3,461,743)

10.47 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

0.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 78.8 years (2024 est.) male: 75.8 years female: 82 years

urban population: 92.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

European (mostly Spanish and Italian descent) and Mestizo (mixed European and Indigenous ancestry) 97.2%, Indigenous 2.4%, African descent 0.4% (2010 est.)

Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Quechua, Guarani, Mapudungun) major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci n b sica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Roman Catholic 62.9%, Evangelical 15.3% (Pentecostal 13%, other Evangelical 2.3%), Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ 1.4%, other 1.2% (includes Muslim, Jewish), none 18.9% (includes agnostic and atheist), unspecified 0.3% (2019 est.)

total population: 99.1% (2020 est.) male: 99.1% (2020 est.) female: 99.2% (2020 est.)

fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium, arable land

Hizballah note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

refugees: 9,175 (2024 est.) IDPs: 74 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 34 (2024 est.)

764 (2025)

total: 17,866 km (2018)

total: 201 (2023) by type: container ship 1, bulk carrier 1 general cargo 8, oil tanker 33, other 158

total subscriptions: 64.1 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2024 est.)

percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)