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Historical Values
Year Value
1992 new postindependence constitution under preparation
1993 adopted 18 January 1993
1994 adopted 28 January 1993
1995 adopted 28 January 1993
1996 adopted 28 January 1993; has been amended in April 1995 and August 1995
1997 adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
1998 adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
1999 adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
2000 adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
2001 adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
2002 adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
2003 adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
2004 adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
2005 first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
2006 first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
2007 first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
2008 first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
2009 first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
2010 first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
2011 first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
2012 first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995, amended May 2007 and February 2011
2013 previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence ); latest adopted 28 January 1993, approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995; amended 1998, 2007, 2011 (2012)
2014 previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence ); latest adopted 28 January 1993, approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995; amended 1998, 2007, 2011 (2012)
2015 previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence); latest adopted 28 January 1993, approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995; amended 1998, 2007, 2011 (2012)
2016 previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence); latest adopted 28 January 1993, approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995; amended several times, last in 2011 (2016)
2017 history: previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 | amendments: proposed by the president of the republic on the recommendation of Parliament or the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments to Parliament requires three-fourths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum requires abso
2018 history: previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 (2017) | amendments: proposed by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum req
2019 history: previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 | amendments: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; pass
2020 history: previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 | amendments: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; pass
2021 history: previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 amendments: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passag
2022 history: previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 amendments: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passag
2023 history: previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 amendments: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passag
2024 history: previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 amendments: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passag
2025 history: previous 1937, 1978 (pre-independence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995 amendment process: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president