Guinea

total: 1,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1

government maintains control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio also operates several stations in rural areas; a dozen private TV stations; many privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services (2022)

.gn

percent of population: 27% (2023 est.)

total subscriptions: 0 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1

total subscriptions: 15.3 million (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 109 (2022 est.)

rice, cassava, maize, groundnuts, oil palm fruit, plantains, potatoes, fonio, yams, sweet potatoes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

revenues: $1.949 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $2.014 billion (2019 est.)

$2.288 billion (2023 est.) $3.35 billion (2022 est.) $4.639 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$3.764 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

growing but primarily agrarian West African economy; major mining sector; improving fiscal and debt balances prior to COVID-19; economy increasingly vulnerable to climate change; slow infrastructure improvements; gender wealth and human capital gaps

Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar - 9,565.082 (2020 est.) 9,183.876 (2019 est.) 9,011.134 (2018 est.) 9,088.319 (2017 est.) 8,967.927 (2016 est.)

$12.008 billion (2023 est.) $8.898 billion (2022 est.) $10.266 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

gold, aluminum ore, cocoa beans, crude petroleum, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

UAE 50%, China 36%, India 8%, Switzerland 1%, Spain 1% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

$25.334 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

household consumption: 67.4% (2024 est.) government consumption: 13.4% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 32.1% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: -0.9% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 44% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -56.1% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

agriculture: 29.6% (2024 est.) industry: 25.3% (2024 est.) services: 37.5% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

29.6 (2018 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

lowest 10%: 3.5% (2018 est.) highest 10%: 23.1% (2018 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

$8.365 billion (2023 est.) $5.749 billion (2022 est.) $5.353 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, rice, garments, construction vehicles, cars (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

China 39%, India 9%, Netherlands 7%, Belgium 6%, UAE 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

7.1% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron ore; light manufacturing, agricultural processing

8.1% (2024 est.) 7.8% (2023 est.) 10.5% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

4.534 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

43.7% (2018 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

$59.439 billion (2024 est.) $56.251 billion (2023 est.) $53.297 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

5.7% (2024 est.) 5.5% (2023 est.) 4% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

$4,000 (2024 est.) $3,900 (2023 est.) $3,800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

2.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 2% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

$1.887 billion (2023 est.) $2.11 billion (2022 est.) $2.183 billion (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

5.3% (2024 est.) 5.3% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 7.1% (2024 est.) male: 6.2% (2024 est.) female: 8% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

imports: 400 metric tons (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity: 1.06 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 3.624 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 424.356 million kWh (2023 est.)

electrification - total population: 47.7% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 91% electrification - rural areas: 21.3%

fossil fuels: 25.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 74.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

5.235 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 32,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

4.505 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 1,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 4.504 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

deforestation; inadequate potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices; water pollution; improper waste disposal

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

agricultural land: 73.2% (2023 est.) arable land: 24.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 43.5% (2023 est.) forest: 20.3% (2023 est.) other: 6.5% (2023 est.)

34.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

226 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

municipal: 230 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 60 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 600 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

urban population: 38.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 596,900 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 23.9% (2022 est.)

total : 245,857 sq km land: 245,717 sq km water: 140 sq km

slightly smaller than Oregon; slightly larger than twice the size of Pennsylvania

generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

320 km

highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m mean elevation: 472 m

11 00 N, 10 00 W

the Niger and its important tributary, the Milo River, have their sources in the Guinean highlands

949 sq km (2017)

total: 4,046 km border countries (6): Cote d'Ivoire 816 km; Guinea-Bissau 421 km; Liberia 590 km; Mali 1062 km; Senegal 363 km; Sierra Leone 794 km

agricultural land: 73.2% (2023 est.) arable land: 24.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 43.5% (2023 est.) forest: 20.3% (2023 est.) other: 6.5% (2023 est.)

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone

Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambie (Gambia) river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Senegal (456,397 sq km)

Africa

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season

bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt

areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map

generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior

7 administrative regions ( r gions administratives , singular - r gion administrative ) and 1 governorate ( gouvenorat )*; Boke, Conakry*, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou, N'Zerekore

name: Conakry geographic coordinates: 9 30 N, 13 42 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name derives from konakri , a Susu word meaning "over the water" and referring to the city's location on a peninsula; it was originally the name of a local village

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Guinea dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: na

history: previous 1958, 1990; 2010 and a referendum in 2020, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d' tat; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated

conventional long form: Republic of Guinea conventional short form: Guinea local long form: R publique de Guin e local short form: Guin e former: French Guinea etymology: the country is named after the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea, but the name itself derives from the Tuareg word aginaw , meaning "black people"

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charg d Affaires Mary E. DASCHBACH (since 15 July 2025) embassy: Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry mailing address: 2110 Conakry Place, Washington DC 20521-2110 telephone: [224] 65-10-40-00 FAX: [224] 65-10-42-97 email address and website: ConakryACS@state.gov https://gn.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission: Ambassador Fatoumata KABA (since 19 April 2023) chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 986-4300 FAX: [1] (202) 986-3800 email address and website: http://guineaembassyusa.org/en/welcome-to-the-embassy-of-guinea-washington-usa/ consulate(s): Los Angelos

chief of state: President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 17 January 2026) head of government: Prime Minister Amadou Oury BAH (since 27 February 2024) cabinet: formerly the Council of Ministers appointed by the president election/appointment process: the president is directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year single term, and the prime minister is appointed by the president most recent election date: 28 December 2025 election results: 2025: Mamady DOUMBOUYA elected president in the first round; percent of vote -Mamady DOUMBOUYA (Independent) 86.7%, Abdoulaye Yero BALDE (DFG) 6.5%, other 7% 2020: Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 59.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 33.5%, other 7% note 1: in 2021, the military arrested and detained the president, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government and legislature note 2: the transitional government has not announced a new election timetable note 3: new constitution approved in 2025 with presidential term changed to a single seven-year term note 4: elections held 28 December 2025, transitional president wins and is sworn in 17 January 2026

description: three equal vertical bands of red (left side), yellow, and green meaning: red stands for the people's sacrifice for liberation and work; yellow for the sun, the riches of the earth, and justice; green for the country's vegetation and unity history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement note: the colors from left to right are the reverse of those on the flags of neighboring Mali and Senegal

presidential republic

2 October 1958 (from France)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supr me (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court - suspended on 5 September 2021 judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court first president appointed by the national president after consultation with the National Assembly; other members appointed by presidential decree; members serve 9-year terms until age 65 subordinate courts: Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; High Court of Justice or Cour d'Assises; Court of Account (Court of Auditors); Courts of First Instance (Tribunal de Premi re Instance); labor court; military tribunal; justices of the peace; specialized courts

civil law system based on the French model

legislature name: Transitional National Council (Conseil national de transition) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 81 (all appointed) electoral system: mixed system scope of elections: full renewal most recent election date: 1/22/2022 percentage of women in chamber: 29.6% expected date of next election: December 2025 note: on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; in January 2022, an 81-member Transitional National Council was installed; in February 2024, Guinea's military leaders dissolved the government

title: "Libert " (Liberty) lyrics/music: unknown/Fodeba KEITA history: adopted 1958

red, yellow, green

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve

Independence Day, 2 October (1958)

elephant

African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE Alliance for National Renewal or ARN Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA Bloc Liberal or BL Citizen Generation or GECI Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR Democratic National Movement or MND Democratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG Front for the National Alliance or FAN Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD Guinean Rally for Development or RGD Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR Modern Guinea Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD National Committee for Reconciliation and Development National Front for Development or FND National Union for Prosperity or UNP National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN New Democratic Forces or NFD New Generation for the Republic or NGR New Guinea or NG New Political Generation or NGP Party for Progress and Change or PPC Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD Rally for the Guinean People or RPG Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG Rally for the Republic or RPR Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG Union of Democratic Forces or UFD a or UFDG Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG Union of Republican Forces or UFR Unity and Progress Party or PUP

18 years of age; universal

Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea and encouraged its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that provided one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. European traders first arrived in the 16th century, and the French secured colonial rule in the 19th century. In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and was exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections, and his first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. CONDE won a third term in 2020 after a constitutional change to term limits. In 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led another successful military coup, establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD), suspending the constitution, and dissolving the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed in 2022 and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.

the Guinean military is responsible for territorial defense, but also has some domestic security responsibilities and has historically been involved in suppressing public protests; in 2021 the Army s special forces led a military overthrow of the government; the military-led government has since been accused of cracking down on dissent, the media, and political opposition; border security is a key focus for the Guinean military, particularly a territorial dispute with Sierra Leone that dates back to 2001 (2025)

Guinean (or National) Armed Forces (Forces Arm es Guin ennes): Army, Air Force, Navy, National Gendarmerie Ministry of Security: National Police (2025) note: the Gendarmerie and National Police share responsibility for internal security; Guinea's military and security forces are sometimes collectively referred to as the Defense and Security Forces

estimated 10-12,000 active Armed Forces (2025)

the Guinean military's inventory consists almost entirely of ageing Soviet-era weapons and equipment along with small amounts of secondhand arms from China, France, Russia, and South Africa (2025)

2.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

18 years of age for voluntary and selective conscripted service; 9-12 months of service (2025)

0-14 years: 40.9% (male 2,884,146/female 2,835,794) 15-64 years: 55.1% (male 3,846,852/female 3,856,366) 65 years and over: 4% (2024 est.) (male 254,608/female 308,413)

total: 0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

35.04 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

women married by age 15: 17% (2018) women married by age 18: 46.5% (2018) men married by age 18: 1.9% (2018)

15% (2022 est.)

70.9% (2018 est.)

7.69 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total dependency ratio: 81.5 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 74.1 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 13.6 (2025 est.)

urban: 92% of population (2022 est.) rural: 59% of population (2022 est.) total: 71.5% of population (2022 est.) urban: 8% of population (2022 est.) rural: 41% of population (2022 est.) total: 28.5% of population (2022 est.)

1.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 9.2% national budget (2025 est.)

Fulani (Peuhl) 33.4%, Malinke 29.4%, Susu 21.2%, Guerze 7.8%, Kissi 6.2%, Toma 1.6%, other/foreign 0.4% (2018 est.)

2.34 (2025 est.)

3.8% of GDP (2021) 5% of national budget (2022 est.)

total: 45.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 51.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.3 deaths/1,000 live births

French (official), Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native languages note: about 40 languages are spoken; each ethnic group has its own language

total population: 64.6 years (2024 est.) male: 62.7 years female: 66.6 years

total population: 39.6% (2018 est.) male: 54.4% (2018 est.) female: 27.7% (2018 est.)

2.111 million CONAKRY (capital) (2023)

494 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

total: 19.5 years (2025 est.) male: 19.2 years female: 19.6 years

19.9 years (2018 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

7.7% (2016)

0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

total: 14,374,590 (2025 est.) male: 7,179,661 female: 7,194,929

areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map

2.74% (2025 est.)

Muslim 85.2%, Christian 13.4%, animist 0.2%, none 1.2% (2018 est.)

urban: 95.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 39.4% of population (2022 est.) total: 60.6% of population (2022 est.) urban: 4.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 60.6% of population (2022 est.) total: 39.4% of population (2022 est.)

total: 9 years (2021 est.) male: 9 years (2021 est.) female: 8 years (2021 est.)

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

4.75 children born/woman (2025 est.)

urban population: 38.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

refugees: 2,343 (2024 est.) IDPs: 5,160 (2024 est.)

16 (2025)

3X

1 (2025)

total: 2 (2023) by type: other 2

total ports: 4 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 0 very small: 3 ports with oil terminals: 2 key ports: Benti, Conakry, Kamsar, Victoria

total: 1,086 km (2017) standard gauge: 279 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 807 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge