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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 25,336 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2020 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

multiple UK terrestrial TV broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey with relays in Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney; satellite packages are available; BBC Radio Guernsey and 1 other radio station operating

Internet country code [time series]

.gg

Internet users [time series]

total: 55,069 (2021 est.) percent of population: 86.6% (2021 est.)

Telecommunication systems [time series]

general assessment: fixed network broadband services are those delivered over physical copper connections, fiber connections and fixed wireless communications links (e.g. WiMax); they do not include services delivered over 2G, 3G and 4G mobile networks (2021) domestic: fixed-line 53 per 100 and mobile-cellular 112 per 100 persons (2021) international: country code - 44; landing points for Guernsey-Jersey, HUGO, INGRID, Channel Islands -9 Liberty and UK-Channel Islands-7 submarine cable to UK and France (2019)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 33,930 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 71,485 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 112 (2021 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products [time series]

tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle

Economic overview [time series]

high-income English Channel island economy; strong financial sector but stressed due to COVID-19 disruptions; manufacturing, tourism, and construction industries suffered but expected to recover; stable inflation; maintains independent taxation authority

Exchange rates [time series]

Guernsey pound per US dollar 0.805 (2023 est.) 0.811 (2022 est.) 0.727 (2021 est.) 0.78 (2020 est.) 0.783 (2019 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

aircraft, photo lab equipment, clocks, ships, paintings, scientific instruments (2022)

Exports - partners [time series]

almost entirely United Kingdom (2022)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$11.228 billion (2022 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 0.8% (2022 est.) industry: 8.4% (2022 est.) services: 92% (2022 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Imports - commodities [time series]

ships, aircraft, refined petroleum, mineral manufactures, beverages (2022)

Imports - partners [time series]

almost entirely United Kingdom (2022)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1.64% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey

Industries [time series]

tourism, banking

Labor force [time series]

86,000 (2023 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work;entry includes Jersey and Guernsey

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) [time series]

$3.465 billion (2015 est.) $3.451 billion (2014 est.) note: data are in 2015 dollars

Real GDP growth rate [time series]

7.81% (2022 est.) 15.46% (2021 est.) -8.47% (2020 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey

Real GDP per capita [time series]

$52,500 (2014 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

5.98% (2023 est.) 5.91% (2022 est.) 6.61% (2021 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 13.5% (2023 est.) male: 13.7% (2023 est.) female: 13.2% (2023 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Energy

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) note: includes Guernsey and Jersey

Environment

Climate [time series]

temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast

Environment - current issues [time series]

coastal erosion, coastal flooding; declining biodiversity due to land abandonment and succession to scrub or woodland

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 31.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Guernsey and Jersey

Waste and recycling [time series]

municipal solid waste generated annually: 178,933 tons (2016 est.) municipal solid waste recycled annually: 50,871 tons (2016 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 28.4% (2016 est.) note: data include combined totals for Guernsey and Jersey.

Geography

Area [time series]

total : 78 sq km land: 78 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands

Area - comparative [time series]

about one-half the size of Washington, DC

Climate [time series]

temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast

Coastline [time series]

50 km

Elevation [time series]

highest point: Le Moulin on Sark 114 m lowest point: English Channel 0 m

Geographic coordinates [time series]

49 28 N, 2 35 W

Geography - note [time series]

large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port

Irrigated land [time series]

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 0 km

Location [time series]

Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

very large tidal variation and fast currents can make local waters dangerous

Natural resources [time series]

cropland

Terrain [time series]

mostly flat with low hills in southwest

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

none (British Crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 10 parishes: Castel, Forest, Saint Andrew, Saint Martin, Saint Peter Port, Saint Pierre du Bois, Saint Sampson, Saint Saviour, Torteval, Vale note: two additional parishes for Guernsey are sometimes listed - Saint Anne on the island of Alderney and Saint Peter on the island of Sark - but they are generally not included in the enumeration of parishes

Capital [time series]

name: Saint Peter Port geographic coordinates: 49 27 N, 2 32 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: Saint Peter Port is the name of the town and its surrounding parish; the "port" distinguishes this parish from that of Saint Peter on the other side of the island

Citizenship [time series]

see United Kingdom

Constitution [time series]

history: unwritten; includes royal charters, statutes, and common law and practice amendments: new laws or changes to existing laws are initiated by the States of Deliberation; passage requires majority vote; many laws have been passed; in 2019, 60 laws were passed

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey conventional short form: Guernsey former: Norman Isles etymology: the name is of Old Norse origin, but the meaning of the root "Guern(s)" is uncertain; the "-ey" ending means "island"

Dependency status [time series]

British crown dependency

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

embassy: none (British crown dependency)

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

none (British crown dependency)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Lieutenant-Governor Richard CRIPWELL (since 15 February 2022) head of government: Chief Minister Lyndon TROTT (since 13 December 2023) cabinet: none elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch; chief minister, who is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee indirectly elected by the States of Deliberation for a 4-year term; last held on 7 October 2020 (next to be held in 2024) election results: 2020: Peter FERBRACHE (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister: percent of States of Guernsey vote - 57.5% 2016: Gavin ST. PIER (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister note: the chief minister is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee and is the de facto head of government; the Policy and Resources Committee, elected by the States of Deliberation, functions as the executive; the 5 members all have equal voting rights

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross; the red cross represents the old ties with England and the fact that Guernsey is a British Crown dependency; the gold cross is a replica of the one used by William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066

Government type [time series]

parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation)

Independence [time series]

none (British Crown dependency)

International organization participation [time series]

UPU

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Guernsey Court of Appeal (consists of the Bailiff of Guernsey, who is the ex-officio president of the Guernsey Court of Appeal, and at least 12 judges); Royal Court (organized into 3 divisions - Full Court sits with 1 judge and 7 to 12 jurats acting as judges of fact, Ordinary Court sits with 1 judge and normally 3 jurats, and Matrimonial Causes Division sits with 1 judge and 4 jurats); note - appeals beyond Guernsey courts are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) judge selection and term of office: Royal Court Bailiff, Deputy Bailiff, and Court of Appeal justices appointed by the British Crown and hold office at Her Majesty's pleasure; jurats elected by the States of Election, a body chaired by the Bailiff and a number of jurats subordinate courts: Court of Alderney; Court of the Seneschal of Sark; Magistrates' Court (includes Juvenile Court); Contracts Court; Ecclesiastical Court; Court of Chief Pleas

Legal system [time series]

customary legal system based on Norman customary law; includes elements of the French civil code and English common law

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral States of Deliberation (40 seats; 38 People's Deputies and 2 representatives of the States of Alderney; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year terms) elections: last held on 7 October 2020 (next to be held in June 2025) election results: percent of vote - GPI 24.0%, GP 10%, APG 3.4%, independent 62.6%; seats - GPI 10, GP 6, independent 22, States of Alderney 2; composition - men 32, women 8, percentage women 20% note: non-voting members include the bailiff (presiding officer), attorney-general, and solicitor-general

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Sarnia Cherie" (Guernsey Dear) lyrics/music: George DEIGHTON/Domencio SANTANGELO note: adopted 1911; serves as a local anthem; as a British crown dependency, "God Save the King" is official (see United Kingdom)

National holiday [time series]

Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)

National symbol(s) [time series]

Guernsey cow, donkey; national colors: red, white, yellow

Political parties [time series]

Alliance Party Guernsey or APG Guernsey Partnership of Independents or GPI Guernsey Party or GP

Suffrage [time series]

16 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy, which held sway in both France and England. The islands were the only British soil that Germany occupied in World War II. The Bailiwick of Guernsey consists of the main island of Guernsey and a number of smaller islands, including Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, and Lihou. The Bailiwick is a self-governing British Crown dependency that is not part of the UK. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation.

Military and Security

Military - note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of the UK

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 14.3% (male 4,999/female 4,717) 15-64 years: 64.1% (male 21,937/female 21,547) 65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 6,776/female 7,811)

Birth rate [time series]

9.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

Current health expenditure [time series]

Death rate [time series]

9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 48.6 youth dependency ratio: 23.9 elderly dependency ratio: 24.6 potential support ratio: 4.1 (2021 est.) note: data represent Guernsey and Jersey

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: total: 94.2% of population unimproved: total: 5.9% of population (2017 est.) note : includes data for Jersey

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

Ethnic groups [time series]

Guernsey 53.5%, UK and Ireland 23.8%, Portugal 2.1%, Latvia 1.4%, other Europe 2.7%, other Crown Dependencies 0.7%, other 5.3%, unspecified 10.5% (2022 est.) note: data represent population by country of birth; the native population is of British and Norman-French descent

Gross reproduction rate [time series]

0.77 (2024 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) male: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages [time series]

English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 83.6 years (2024 est.) male: 80.9 years female: 86.4 years

Literacy [time series]

total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Major urban areas - population [time series]

16,000 SAINT PETER PORT (capital) (2018)

Median age [time series]

total: 45 years (2024 est.) male: 43.8 years female: 46.2 years

Nationality [time series]

noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander

Net migration rate [time series]

1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population [time series]

total: 67,787 male: 33,712 female: 34,075 (2024 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.21% (2024 est.)

Religions [time series]

Protestant (Anglican, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist), Roman Catholic

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 98% of population unimproved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 1.2% of population (2017) note: data represent Guernsey and Jersey

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.59 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 31.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Guernsey and Jersey

Transnational Issues

Illicit drugs [time series]

Transportation

Airports [time series]

2 (2024)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020) (registered in UK) inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 9 (registered in UK)

Ports [time series]

total ports: 3 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 1 very small: 2 ports with oil terminals: 2 key ports: Alderney Harbour, Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson

Roadways [time series]

total: 260 km (2017)