Antigua and Barbuda

total: 8,000 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2020 est.)

state-controlled Antigua and Barbuda Broadcasting Service (ABS) operates 1 TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; ABS operates 1 radio station; roughly 15 radio stations, some broadcasting on multiple frequencies

.ag

total: 89,280 (2021 est.) percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

general assessment: the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021) domestic: fixed-line teledensity roughly 27 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 200 per 100 persons (2021) international: country code - 1-268; landing points for the ECFS and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)

total subscriptions: 27,000 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2021 est.)

total subscriptions: 180,000 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 200 (2021 est.)

tropical fruit, milk, mangoes/guavas, melons, tomatoes, pineapples, lemons, limes, eggplants, onions

revenues: $278 million (2020 est.) expenditures: $357 million (2020 est.)

-2.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

-$220.871 million (2021 est.) -$251.556 million (2020 est.) -$126.907 million (2019 est.)

$441.2 million (31 December 2012) $458 million (June 2010)

dual island-tourism and construction-driven economy; emerging blue economy ; limited water supply and susceptibility to hurricanes limit activity; improving road infrastructure; friendly to foreign direct investment; looking at financial innovation in cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies

East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2021 est.) 2.7 (2020 est.) 2.7 (2019 est.) 2.7 (2018 est.) 2.7 (2017 est.)

$749.476 million (2021 est.) $590.849 million (2020 est.) $1.196 billion (2019 est.) note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

refined petroleum, ships, gas turbines, aircraft parts, lobster, durum wheat (2021)

Suriname 20%, Barbados 17%, Poland 12%, United Kingdom 10%, France 7% (2021)

1 April - 31 March

$1.524 billion (2017 est.)

household consumption: 53.5% (2017 est.) government consumption: 15.2% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 23.9% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 0.1% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 73.9% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -66.5% (2017 est.)

agriculture: 1.8% (2017 est.) industry: 20.8% (2017 est.) services: 77.3% (2017 est.)

lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA

$868.797 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $737.693 million (2020 est.) $1.18 billion (2019 est.)

refined petroleum, ships, recreational boats, cars, poultry (2021)

United States 42%, Poland 25%, China 10%, Brazil 3%, Trinidad and Tobago 2% (2021)

8.26% (2021 est.)

tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)

2.06% (2021 est.) 0.63% (2020 est.) 1.43% (2019 est.)

30,000 (1991)

agriculture: 7% industry: 11% services: 82% (1983 est.)

NA

86.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 86.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

$1.783 billion (2021 est.) $1.693 billion (2020 est.) $2.122 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

5.27% (2021 est.) -20.19% (2020 est.) 4.86% (2019 est.)

$19,100 (2021 est.) $18,300 (2020 est.) $23,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$367.512 million (31 December 2021 est.) $221.809 million (31 December 2020 est.) $279.133 million (31 December 2019 est.)

19.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

11% (2014 est.)

729,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 729,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.) consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.) exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.) imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.) proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

installed generating capacity: 117,000 kW (2020 est.) consumption: 278 million kWh (2019 est.) exports: 0 kWh (2020 est.) imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 65 million kWh (2019 est.)

electrification - total population: 100% (2021)

fossil fuels: 95.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) solar: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

107.154 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.) consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.) exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.) imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.) proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 5,000 bbl/day (2019 est.) crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.) crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)

91 bbl/day (2015 est.)

5,065 bbl/day (2015 est.)

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 8.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 0.56 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 0.22 megatons (2020 est.)

tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation

water management - a major concern because of limited natural freshwater resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

agricultural land: 20.5% (2018 est.) arable land: 9% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 9% (2018 est.) forest: 18.8% (2018 est.) other: 60.8% (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

50 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.) industrial: 2.5 million cubic meters (2017 est.) agricultural: 1.8 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

urban population: 24.3% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 30,585 tons (2012 est.)

total: 443 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km) land: 443 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km

2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation

153 km

highest point: Mount Obama 402 m lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m

17 03 N, 61 48 W

Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a large western harbor

1.3 sq km (2012)

total: 0 km

agricultural land: 20.5% (2018 est.) arable land: 9% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 9% (2018 est.) forest: 18.8% (2018 est.) other: 60.8% (2018 est.)

Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico

Central America and the Caribbean

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts

NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism

the island of Antigua is home to approximately 97% of the population; nearly the entire population of Barbuda lives in Codrington

mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas

6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip

name: Saint John's geographic coordinates: 17 07 N, 61 51 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: named after Saint John the Apostle

citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

history: several previous; latest presented 31 July 1981, effective 31 October 1981 (The Antigua and Barbuda Constitution Order 1981) amendments: proposed by either house of Parliament; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as citizenship, fundamental rights and freedoms, the establishment, power, and authority of the executive and legislative branches, the Supreme Court Order, and the procedure for amending the constitution requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership of both houses, approval by at least two-thirds majority in a referendum, and assent to by the governor general; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by both houses; amended 2009, 2011, 2018

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda etymology: "antiguo" is Spanish for "ancient" or "old"; the island was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and, according to tradition, named by him after the church of Santa Maria la Antigua (Old Saint Mary's) in Seville; "barbuda" is Spanish for "bearded" and the adjective may refer to the alleged beards of the indigenous people or to the island's bearded fig trees

embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; the US Ambassador to Barbados Linda S. TAGLIALATELA is accredited to Dominica

chief of mission: Ambassador Sir Ronald SANDERS (since 17 September 2015) chancery: 3216 New Mexico Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 362-5122 FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225 email address and website: embantbar@aol.com https://www.antigua-barbuda.org/Aghome01.htm consulate(s) general: Miami, New York

chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Rodney WILLIAMS (since 14 August 2014) head of government: Prime Minister Gaston BROWNE (since 13 June 2014) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general

red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band; the sun symbolizes the dawn of a new era, black represents the African heritage of most of the population, blue is for hope, and red is for the dynamism of the people; the "V" stands for victory; the successive yellow, blue, and white coloring is also meant to evoke the country's tourist attractions of sun, sea, and sand

parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

1 November 1981 (from the UK)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Antigua and Barbuda judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62 subordinate courts: Industrial Court; Magistrates' Courts

common law based on the English model

description: bicameral Parliament consists of: Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and leader of the opposition; members served 5-year terms) House of Representatives (19 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms; in addition, 1 ex-officio seat is allocated for the attorney general and 1 seat for the speaker of the House - elected by the House membership following its first post-election session) elections: Senate - last appointed on 17 February 2023 (next appointments in 2028) House of Representatives - last held on 18 January 2023 (next to be held in March 2028) election results: Senate - composition - men 10, women 7, percent of women 41.1% House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - ABLP 47.1%, UPP 45.2%, BPM 1.5%, independent 5.2%; seats by party - ABLP 9, UPP 6, BPM 1, independent 1; composition - men 16, women 1, percent of women 5.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 23.5%

name: Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee lyrics/music: Novelle Hamilton RICHARDS/Walter Garnet Picart CHAMBERS note: adopted 1967; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the King" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Antigua Naval Dockyard

Independence Day, 1 November (1981)

fallow deer; national colors: red, white, blue, black, yellow

Antigua Labor Party or ABLP [Gaston BROWNE] Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER] Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Joanne MASSIAH] Go Green for Life or GGL [Owen GEORGE] United Progressive Party or UPP [Harold LOVELL]

18 years of age; universal

The Siboney were the first people to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak Indians populated the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early Spanish and French settlements were succeeded by an English colony in 1667. Slavery, to provide labor on the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981. On 6 September 2017, Hurricane Irma passed over the island of Barbuda devastating the island and forcing the evacuation of the population to Antigua. Almost all of the structures on Barbuda were destroyed and the vegetation stripped, but Antigua was spared the worst.

the ABDF s responsibilities include providing for internal security and support to the police in maintaining law and order, interdicting narcotics smuggling, responding to natural disasters, and monitoring the country s territorial waters and maritime resources; established in 1981 from colonial forces originally created in 1897, it is one of the world s smallest militaries the country has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2023)

Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (ABDF): Antigua and Barbuda Regiment, Air Wing, Coast Guard Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda (2023)

approximately 250 active military personnel (2023)

the ABDF's equipment inventory is limited to small arms, light weapons, and soft-skin vehicles; the Coast Guard maintains ex-US patrol vessels and some smaller boats (2023)

18-23 years of age for voluntary military service for both men and women; no conscription (2023)

0-14 years: 21.97% (male 11,321/female 10,980) 15-64 years: 67.94% (male 32,103/female 36,847) 65 years and over: 10.09% (2023 est.) (male 4,378/female 5,860)

total: 11.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 2.97 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 3.95 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 4.55 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

15 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

NA

NA

5.6% of GDP (2020)

31.5% (2023 est.)

5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

total dependency ratio: 40.9 youth dependency ratio: 26.5 elderly dependency ratio: 14.4 potential support ratio: 7 (2020 est.)

improved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 96.7% of population unimproved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 3.2% of population (2017 est.)

3.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

African descent 87.3%, mixed 4.7%, Hispanic 2.7%, White 1.6%, other 2.7%, unspecified 0.9% (2011 est.) note: data represent population by ethnic group

0.95 (2023 est.)

2.9 beds/1,000 population (2017)

total: 14 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.) male: 16.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.9 deaths/1,000 live births

English (official), Antiguan Creole (an English-based creole)

total population: 78 years (2023 est.) male: 75.9 years female: 80.3 years

definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling total population: 99% male: 98.4% female: 99.4% (2015)

21,000 SAINT JOHN'S (capital) (2018)

21 deaths/100,000 live births (2020)

total: 33.6 years (2023 est.) male: 31.6 years female: 35.4 years

noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s) adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan

2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

18.9% (2016)

2.76 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

101,489 (2023 est.)

the island of Antigua is home to approximately 97% of the population; nearly the entire population of Barbuda lives in Codrington

1.13% (2023 est.)

Protestant 68.3% (Anglican 17.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.4%, Pentecostal 12.2%, Moravian 8.3%, Methodist 5.6%, Wesleyan Holiness 4.5%, Church of God 4.1%, Baptist 3.6%), Roman Catholic 8.2%, other 12.2%, unspecified 5.5%, none 5.9% (2011 est.)

improved: total: 91.7% of population unimproved: total: 8.1% of population (2017 est.)

total: 15 years male: 14 years female: 16 years (2012)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.87 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

1.94 children born/woman (2023 est.)

urban population: 24.3% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

none identified

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

3 (2021)

2 note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the typical length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)

1 note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control

V2

total: 638 (2022) by type: bulk carrier 26, container ship 112, general cargo 443, oil tanker 4, other 53

number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020) inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 10 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 580,174 (2018) annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 290,000 (2018) mt-km

major seaport(s): Saint John's cruise port(s): St. John's

total: 1,170 km (2011) paved: 386 km (2011) unpaved: 784 km (2011)