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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 29,900 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (2017 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

130 television stations throughout the country, including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; 495 radio stations (of them, only 135 are licensed), including 1 government-owned; more than 250 private and community radio stations; over 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2015)

Internet country code [time series]

.ht

Internet users [time series]

total: 1,282,686 (July 2016 est.) | percent of population: 12.2% (July 2016 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is among the least-developed in Latin America and the Caribbean; domestic cell service is functional (2016) | domestic: fixed-line is less than 1 per 100; mobile-cellular telephone services have expanded greatly in the last decade due to low-cost GSM (Global Systems for Mobile) phones and pay-as-you-go plans; mobile-cellular teledensity is 61 per 100 persons (2016) | international: country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 5,703 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (2017 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 6,486,549 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 61 (2017 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, mangoes, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood, vetiver

Budget [time series]

revenues: 1.567 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 1.65 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

13.1% (31 December 2017 est.) | 13.23% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$348 million (2017 est.) | -$83 million (2016 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$2.762 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $2.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

60.8 (2012) | 59.2 (2001)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, which remains vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population represent some of the most serious impediments to Haiti’s economic growth. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equivalent to more than a quarter of GDP, and nearly double the combined value of Haitian exports and foreign direct investment. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with close to 60% of the population living under the national poverty line, Haiti’s GDP growth rose to 5.5% in 2011 as the Haitian economy began recovering from the devastating January 2010 earthquake that destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. However, growth slowed to below 2% in 2015 and 2016 as political uncertainty, drought conditions, decreasing foreign aid, and the depreciation of the national currency took a toll on investment and economic growth. Hurricane Matthew, the fiercest Caribbean storm in nearly a decade, made landfall in Haiti on 4 October 2016, with 140 mile-per-hour winds, creating a new humanitarian emergency. An estimated 2.1 million people were affected by the category 4 storm, which caused extensive damage to crops, houses, livestock, and infrastructure across Haiti’s southern peninsula. US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act (HOPE II) have contributed to an increase in apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. The Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010 extended the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020, while the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 extended trade benefits provided to Haiti in the HOPE and HELP Acts through September 2025. Apparel sector exports in 2016 reached approximately $850 million and account for over 90% of Haitian exports and more than 10% of the GDP. Investment in Haiti is hampered by the difficulty of doing business and weak infrastructure, including access to electricity. Haiti's outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to $2.6 billion as of December 2017, the majority of which is owed to Venezuela under the PetroCaribe program. Although the government has increased its revenue collection, it continues to rely on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over 20% of its annual budget coming from foreign aid or direct budget support.

Exchange rates [time series]

gourdes (HTG) per US dollar - | 65.21 (2017 est.) | 63.34 (2016 est.) | 63.34 (2015 est.) | 50.71 (2014 est.) | 45.22 (2013 est.)

Exports [time series]

$980.2 million (2017 est.) | $995 million (2016 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee

Exports - partners [time series]

US 80.6%, Dominican Republic 4.9% (2017)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 October - 30 September

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$8.608 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$19.97 billion (2017 est.) | $19.74 billion (2016 est.) | $19.46 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 99.1% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 10% (2016 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 32.6% (2016 est.) | investment in inventories: -1.4% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 20% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -60.3% (2017 est.) | note: figure for household consumption also includes government consumption

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 22.1% (2017 est.) | industry: 20.3% (2017 est.) | services: 57.6% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,800 (2017 est.) | $1,800 (2016 est.) | $1,800 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1.2% (2017 est.) | 1.5% (2016 est.) | 1.2% (2015 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

24.9% of GDP (2017 est.) | 29.5% of GDP (2016 est.) | 29.3% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 47.7% (2001) | highest 10%: 47.7% (2001)

Imports [time series]

$3.618 billion (2017 est.) | $3.183 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials

Imports - partners [time series]

US 20.7%, China 18.8%, Netherlands Antilles 15.7%, Indonesia 8.5% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

0.9% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly using imported parts

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

14.7% (2017 est.) | 13.4% (2016 est.)

Labor force [time series]

4.594 million (2014 est.) | note: shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 38.1% | industry: 11.5% | services: 50.4% (2010)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

Population below poverty line [time series]

58.5% (2012 est.)

Public debt [time series]

31.1% of GDP (2017 est.) | 33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$2.361 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $2.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.273 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.049 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$1.46 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.37 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$3.112 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $2.253 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.273 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.049 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

18.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

40.6% (2010 est.) | note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

3.595 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

406.2 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

82% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

18% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

332,000 kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

1.023 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

population without electricity: 7.4 million (2013) | electrification - total population: 38% (2013) | electrification - urban areas: 72% (2013) | electrification - rural areas: 15% (2013)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

21,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

20,030 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 27,750 sq km | land: 27,560 sq km | water: 190 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate [time series]

tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

Coastline [time series]

1,771 km

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 470 m | elevation extremes: 0 m lowest point: Caribbean Sea | 2680 highest point: Chaine de la Selle

Environment - current issues [time series]

extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; overpopulation leads to inadequate supplies of potable water and and a lack of sanitation; natural disasters

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes

Geographic coordinates [time series]

19 00 N, 72 25 W

Geography - note [time series]

shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic); it is the most mountainous nation in the Caribbean

Irrigated land [time series]

970 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 376 km | border countries (1): Dominican Republic 376 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 66.4% (2011 est.) | arable land: 38.5% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 10.2% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 17.7% (2011 est.) | forest: 3.6% (2011 est.) | other: 30% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic

Map references [time series]

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | continental shelf: to depth of exploitation

Natural hazards [time series]

lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts

Natural resources [time series]

bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, arable land

Population distribution [time series]

fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas

Terrain [time series]

mostly rough and mountainous

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est

Capital [time series]

name: Port-au-Prince | geographic coordinates: 18 32 N, 72 20 W | time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Haiti | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution [time series]

history: many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987 (2018) | amendments: proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed amendments requires support by at least two-thirds majority of both houses; passage requires at least two-thirds of the membership present and at least two-thirds majority of the votes cast; approved amendments enter into force after installation of the next president of the republic; constitutional articles on the democratic and republican form of government cannot be amended; amended 2011, 2012 (2018)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Haiti | conventional short form: Haiti | local long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d Ayiti | local short form: Haiti/Ayiti | etymology: the native Taino name means "Land of High Mountains" and was originally applied to the entire island of Hispaniola

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Michele SISON (since 21 February 2018) | embassy: Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince | mailing address: (in Haiti) P.O. Box 1634, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; (from abroad) 3400 Port-au-Prince, State Department, Washington, DC 20521-3400 | telephone: [509] 229-8000 | FAX: [509] 229-8028

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Getty ALTIDOR (since 2 May 2012) | chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090 | FAX: [1] (202) 745-7215 | consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, Orlando (FL), New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Jovenel MOISE (since 7 February 2017) | head of government: Prime Minister Jean Henry CEANT (since 16 September 2018); note - Prime Minister Dr. Jack Guy LAFONTANT (since 21 March 2017) resigned on 14 July 2018, after plans to raise fuel prices sparked riots | cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew | election results: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes

Government type [time series]

semi-presidential republic

Independence [time series]

1 January 1804 (from France)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation (consists of a chief judge and other judges); note - Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice | judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly; note - Article 174 of the Haiti Constitution states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for 10 years, whereas Article 177 states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for life | subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrates' courts; special courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code

Legislative branch [time series]

description: bicameral legislature or le Corps Legislatif ou parlement consists of: le Senat or Senate (30 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years) la Chambre de deputes or Chamber of Deputies (119 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms); note - when the 2 chambers meet collectively it is known as L'Assemblee Nationale or the National Assembly and is convened for specific purposes spelled out in the constitution | elections: Senate - last held on 20 November 2016 with runoff on 29 January 2017 (next election scheduled for October 2019); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 9 August 2015 with runoff elections held on 25 October 2015 and 20 November 2016 (next election scheduled for October 2019); note - the 9 October 2016 election for both the Senate and Chamber of Deputies was rescheduled for 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "La Dessalinienne" (The Dessalines Song) | lyrics/music: Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD | note: adopted 1904; named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, a leader in the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 1 January (1804)

National symbol(s) [time series]

Hispaniolan trogon (bird), hibiscus flower; national colors: blue, red

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Empowerment or LAPEH [Jude CELESTIN] Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU] Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Chavannes JEUNE] Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL] Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY] December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT] Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition includes KID and PPRH) Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY] Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD [Jean Andre VICTOR] Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME] Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE] For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL] Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER] Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE] Haitian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Ann Valerie Timothee MILFORT] Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE] Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD] Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN] Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR] Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT, Camille LEBLANC] Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY] New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU] Organization for the Advancement of Haiti and Haitians or OLAHH Party for the Integral Advancement of the Haitian People or PAIPH Patriotic Unity or IP [Marie Denise CLAUDE] Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY] Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL] Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE, Himmler REBU] Platform Pitit Desaline or PPD [Jean-Charles MOISE] Pont Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN] PPG18 Rally of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT] Renmen Ayiti or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT] Reseau National Bouclier or Bouclier Respect or RESPE Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE] Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS] Truth (Verite) Union [Chavannes JEUNE] Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first post-colonial black-led nation in the world, declaring its independence in 1804. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has experienced political instability for most of its history. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. President Michel MARTELLY resigned in February 2016 and was replaced by Interim President Jocelerme PRIVERT. President Jovenel MOISE won the November 2016 elections and assumed office in February 2017. | HAITI SUMMARY: PDF

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

the Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH), disbanded in 1995, began to be reconstituted in 2017 to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and development projects; small Coast Guard (2018)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 32.27% (male 1,733,920 /female 1,747,387) | 15-24 years: 21.11% (male 1,139,188 /female 1,137,754) | 25-54 years: 37.32% (male 1,997,816 /female 2,028,495) | 55-64 years: 5.1% (male 262,494 /female 287,515) | 65 years and over: 4.21% (male 199,617 /female 254,254) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Central America :: Haiti Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Haiti. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate [time series]

22.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

11.6% (2012)

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

34.3% (2016/17)

Death rate [time series]

7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 62.3 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 54.8 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 7.5 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 13.3 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

Ethnic groups [time series]

black 95%, mixed and white 5%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

1.9% (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

4,700 (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

150,000 (2017 est.)

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

7.6% of GDP (2014)

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.7 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 45.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 51.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | female: 39.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official), Creole (official)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 64.6 years (2018 est.) | male: 61.9 years (2018 est.) | female: 67.2 years (2018 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) | total population: 60.7% (2015 est.) | male: 64.3% (2015 est.) | female: 57.3% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high (2016) | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever (2016) | vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2016) | note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus

Major urban areas - population [time series]

2.637 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

359 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 23.3 years | male: 23.1 years | female: 23.6 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

22.8 years (2016/7 est.) | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Nationality [time series]

noun: Haitian(s) | adjective: Haitian

Net migration rate [time series]

-2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

22.7% (2016)

Population [time series]

10,788,440 (July 2018 est.) | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population distribution [time series]

fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas

Population growth rate [time series]

1.31% (2018 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 54.7%, Protestant 28.5% (Baptist 15.4%, Pentecostal 7.9%, Adventist 3%, Methodist 1.5%, other 0.7%), vodou 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10.2% (2003 est.) | note: many Haitians practice elements of vodou in addition to another religion, most often Roman Catholicism; vodou was recognized as an official religion in 2003

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 33.6% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 19.2% of population (2015 est.) | total: 27.6% of population (2015 est.) | unimproved: urban: 66.4% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 80.8% of population (2015 est.) | total: 72.4% of population (2015 est.)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 0-14 years: 0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.66 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 55.3% of total population (2018) | rate of urbanization: 2.9% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

since 2004, peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti have assisted in maintaining civil order in Haiti; the mission currently includes 6,685 military, 2,607 police, and 443 civilian personneldespite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countriesHaiti claims US-administered Navassa Island

Illicit drugs [time series]

Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

IDPs: 37,667 (includes only IDPs from the 2010 earthquake living in camps or camp-like situations; information is lacking about IDPs living outside of camps or who have left camps) (2017) | stateless persons: 2,302 (2017) | note: stateless persons are individuals without a nationality who were born in the Dominican Republic prior to January 2010

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Haiti is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; most of Haiti’s trafficking cases involve children in domestic servitude vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse; dismissed and runaway child domestic servants often end up in prostitution, begging, or street crime; other exploited populations included low-income Haitians, child laborers, and women and children living in IDP camps dating to the 2010 earthquake; Haitian adults are vulnerable to fraudulent labor recruitment abroad and, along with children, may be subjected to forced labor in the Dominican Republic, elsewhere in the Caribbean, South America, and the US; Dominicans are exploited in sex trafficking and forced labor in Haiti | tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Haiti does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2014, Haiti was granted a waiver from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 because its government has a written plan that, if implemented would constitute making significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; in 2014, Haiti developed a national anti-trafficking action plan and enacted a law prohibiting all forms of human trafficking, although judicial corruption hampered its implementation; progress was made in investigating and prosecuting suspected traffickers, but no convictions were made; the government sustained limited efforts to identify and refer victims to protective services, which were provided mostly by NGOs without government support; campaigns to raise awareness about child labor and child trafficking continued (2015)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

14 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 4 (2017) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2017) | 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 10 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2013) | under 914 m: 8 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

HH (2016)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 4 (2017) | by type: general cargo 3, other 1 (2017)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 1 (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1 (2015)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince

Roadways [time series]

total: 4,266 km (2009) | paved: 768 km (2009) | unpaved: 3,498 km (2009)