ARCHIVE // VU // 2016

Vanuatu

2016 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
1 state-owned TV station; multi-channel pay TV is available; state-owned Radio Vanuatu operates 2 radio stations; 2 privately owned radio broadcasters; programming from multiple international broadcasters is available (2008)
Internet country code [time series]
.vu
Internet users [time series]
total: 61,000 | percent of population: 22.4% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 194
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
international: country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 4,797 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 207
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 175,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 64 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, fruits, vegetables; beef; fish
Budget [time series]
revenues: $176.2 million | expenditures: $171.6 million (2015 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
0.6% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 27
Central bank discount rate [time series]
20% (31 December 2010) | 6% (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 5
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
3.63% (31 December 2015 est.) | 4.69% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156
Current account balance [time series]
-$77 million (2015 est.) | $4 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 66
Debt - external [time series]
$190.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $181.7 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 189
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two-thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with nearly 197,000 visitors in 2008, are other mainstays of the economy. Australia and New Zealand are the main source of tourists and foreign aid. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. | Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. | Since 2002, the government has stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth.
Exchange rates [time series]
vatu (VUV) per US dollar - | 108.99 (2015 est.) | 97.07 (2014 est.) | 97.07 (2013 est.) | 92.64 (2012 est.) | 89.47 (2011 est.)
Exports [time series]
$45.6 million (2015 est.) | $63.4 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 203
Exports - commodities [time series]
copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee
Exports - partners [time series]
Japan 35.1%, Turkey 10.5%, Thailand 8.7%, China 8.2%, Venezuela 5.9%, UK 5.6% (2015)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$765 million (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$685 million (2015 est.) | $690.5 million (2014 est.) | $674.8 million (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 208
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 68.3% | government consumption: 17% | investment in fixed capital: 26.8% | investment in inventories: -0.1% | exports of goods and services: 41.4% | imports of goods and services: -53.4% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 26.1% | industry: 9% | services: 64.9% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$2,500 (2015 est.) | $2,600 (2014 est.) | $2,600 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 195
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
-0.8% (2015 est.) | 2.3% (2014 est.) | 2% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 203
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: NA% | highest 10%: NA%
Imports [time series]
$323.2 million (2015 est.) | $269.3 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199
Imports - commodities [time series]
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels
Imports - partners [time series]
China 16.7%, Australia 14.6%, Japan 13.9%, Singapore 10%, Fiji 9.3%, NZ 8.3%, New Caledonia 5.2% (2015)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
-2% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 178
Industries [time series]
food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
2.4% (2015 est.) | 0.8% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132
Labor force [time series]
115,900 (2007 est.) | country comparison to the world: 180
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 65% | industry: 5% | services: 30% (2000 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$NA
Population below poverty line [time series]
NA%
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$269.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $184 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156
Stock of broad money [time series]
$544.9 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $552.6 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 179
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]
$22.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $22.7 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$563.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $508.1 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$477 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $555.3 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 174
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$320.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) | $274.6 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 174
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
23% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 139
Unemployment rate [time series]
1.7% (1999 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
200,000 Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199
Crude oil - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169
Crude oil - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 107
Crude oil - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 175
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
0 bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 175
Electricity - consumption [time series]
55.8 million kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 205
Electricity - exports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 177
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
89.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 192
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
10.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 33
Electricity - imports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 182
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
30,000 kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199
Electricity - production [time series]
60 million kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 206
Electricity access [time series]
population without electricity: 202,614 | electrification - total population: 27% | electrification - urban areas: 55% | electrification - rural areas: 18% (2012)
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 179
Natural gas - exports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 155
Natural gas - imports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 109
Natural gas - production [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 111
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
0 cu m (1 January 2014 es) | country comparison to the world: 178
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
1,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 201
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 210
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
1,008 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 196
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 118
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 12,189 sq km | land: 12,189 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited | country comparison to the world: 164
Area - comparative [time series]
slightly larger than Connecticut
Climate [time series]
tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April
Coastline [time series]
2,528 km
Elevation [time series]
mean elevation: NA | elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
most of the population does not have access to a reliable supply of potable water; deforestation
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94 | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geographic coordinates [time series]
16 00 S, 167 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes and there are several underwater volcanoes as well
Irrigated land [time series]
0 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries [time series]
0 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 15.3% | arable land 1.6%; permanent crops 10.3%; permanent pasture 3.4% | forest: 36.1% | other: 48.6% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Map references [time series]
Oceania
Maritime claims [time series]
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines | territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Natural hazards [time series]
tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began on 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis | volcanism: significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (elev. 361 m), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include, Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head
Natural resources [time series]
manganese, hardwood forests, fish
Terrain [time series]
mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba
Capital [time series]
name: Port-Vila (on Efate) | geographic coordinates: 17 44 S, 168 19 E | time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Citizenship [time series]
citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: both parents must be citizens of Vanuatu; in the case of only one parent, it must be the father who is a citizen | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Constitution [time series]
effective 30 July 1980; amended several times, last in 2013 (2016)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu | conventional short form: Vanuatu | local long form: Ripablik blong Vanuatu | local short form: Vanuatu | former: New Hebrides | etymology: derived from the words "vanua" (home or land) and "tu" (stand) that occur in several of the Austonesian languages spoken on the islands and which provide the meaning of "independence" or the sense of "our land"
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the US Ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US; it does, however, have a Permanent Mission to the UN
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President Baldwin LONSDALE (since 22 September 2014) | head of government: Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 11 February 2016) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament | elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 17 September 2014 (next to be held in 2019); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 11 February 2016 (next to be held following general elections in 2020) | election results: Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) elected president; Parliament vote - 46 out of 52 on the eighth ballot; Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister on 11 February 2016 with 46 votes
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele fern fronds, all in yellow; red represents the blood of boars and men, as well as unity, green the richness of the islands, and black the ni-Vanuatu people; the yellow Y-shape - which reflects the pattern of the islands in the Pacific Ocean - symbolizes the light of the Gospel spreading through the islands; the boar's tusk is a symbol of prosperity frequently worn as a pendant on the islands; the fern fronds represent peace | note: one of several flags where a prominent component of the design reflects the shape of the country; other such flags are those of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, and Eritrea
Government type [time series]
parliamentary republic
Independence [time series]
30 July 1980 (from France and the UK)
International law organization participation [time series]
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation [time series]
ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IOM, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
.highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 justices - 3 local and 4 expatriate); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court are considered by the Court of Appeal, constituted by 2 or more judges of the Supreme Court sitting together | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other judges are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, a 4-member advisory body; judges appointed until age of retirement | subordinate courts: Magistrates Courts; Island Courts
Legal system [time series]
mixed legal system of English common law, French law, and customary law
Legislative branch [time series]
description: unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms) | note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language | elections: last held on 22 January 2016 (next to be held in 2020) | election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - VP 8, PPP 6, UMP 5, GJP 4, NUP 4, IG 3, GC 3, NAG 3, RMC 3, MPP 2, NIPDP 2, PSP 1, VLDP 1, VNP 1, VPDP 1, VRP 1, and independent 4; note - political party associations are fluid
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi" (We, We, We) | lyrics/music: Francois Vincent AYSSAV | note: adopted 1980; the anthem is written in Bislama, a Creole language that mixes Pidgin English and French
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day, 30 July (1980)
National symbol(s) [time series]
boar's tusk with crossed fern fronds; national colors: red, black, green, yellow
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Greens Confederation or GC [Moana CARCASSES Kalosil] | Iauko Group or IG [Tony NARI] | Land and Justice Party (Graon mo Jastis Pati) or GJP [Ralph REGENVANU] | Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE] | Nagriamel movement or NAG [Frankie STEVENS] | Natatok Indigenous People's Democratic Party or (NATATOK) or NIPDP [Alfred Roland CARLOT] | National United Party or NUP [Ham LINI] | People's Progressive Party or PPP [Sato KILMAN] | People's Service Party or PSP [Don KEN] | Reunification of Movement for Change or RMC [Charlot SALWAI] | Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR] | Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI] | Vanuatu Democratic Party [Maxime Carlot KORMAN] | Vanuatu Liberal Democratic Party or VLDP [Tapangararua WILLIE] | Vanuatu National Party or VNP [Issac HAMARILIU] | Vanuatu National Development Party or VNDP [Robert Bohn SIKOL] | Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Marcellino PIPITE]
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
NA
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
Multiple waves of colonizers, each speaking a distinct language, migrated to the New Hebrides in the millennia preceding European exploration in the 18th century. This settlement pattern accounts for the complex linguistic diversity found on the archipelago to this day. The British and French, who settled the New Hebrides in the 19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, which administered the islands until independence in 1980, when the new name of Vanuatu was adopted.
Military and Security
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF), Vanuatu Mobile Force (VMF; includes Police Maritime Wing (PMW)) (2013)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 36.11% (male 51,160/female 49,073) | 15-24 years: 20% (male 27,559/female 27,939) | 25-54 years: 34.74% (male 47,189/female 49,244) | 55-64 years: 5.27% (male 7,327/female 7,297) | 65 years and over: 3.88% (male 5,470/female 5,296) (2016 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
24.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 54
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
10.7% (2013) | country comparison to the world: 62
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
38.4% (2007)
Death rate [time series]
4.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 208
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 68.7% | youth dependency ratio: 61.6% | elderly dependency ratio: 7.1% | potential support ratio: 14.1% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 98.9% of population | rural: 92.9% of population | total: 94.5% of population | urban: 1.1% of population | rural: 7.1% of population | total: 5.5% of population (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
4.9% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 79
Ethnic groups [time series]
Ni-Vanuatu 97.6%, part Ni-Vanuatu 1.1%, other 1.3% (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
NA
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
5% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 171
Hospital bed density [time series]
1.8 beds/1,000 population (2008)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 15.1 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 16.1 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 14 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 103
Languages [time series]
local languages (more than 100) 63.2%, Bislama (official; creole) 33.7%, English (official) 2%, French (official) 0.6%, other 0.5% (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 73.4 years | male: 71.8 years | female: 75.1 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 131
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 85.2% | male: 86.6% | female: 83.8% (2015 est.)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
PORT-VILA (capital) 53,000 (2014)
Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]
78 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68
Median age [time series]
total: 21.7 years | male: 21.3 years | female: 22.1 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 179
Nationality [time series]
noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural) | adjective: Ni-Vanuatu
Net migration rate [time series]
-1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
32.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 39
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Population [time series]
277,554 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183
Population growth rate [time series]
1.9% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53
Religions [time series]
Protestant 70% (includes Presbyterian 27.9%, Anglican 15.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.5%, Assemblies of God 4.7%, Church of Christ 4.5%, Neil Thomas Ministry 3.1%, and Apostolic 2.2%), Roman Catholic 12.4%, customary beliefs 3.7% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 12.6%, none 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2009 est.)
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 65.1% of population | rural: 55.4% of population | total: 57.9% of population | urban: 34.9% of population | rural: 44.6% of population | total: 42.1% of population (2015 est.)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female | total population: 1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
3.16 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 10.6% | male: 10.2% | female: 11.2% (2009 est.)
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 26.1% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 3.42% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France
Transportation
Airports [time series]
31 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 114
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 3 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 28 | 914 to 1,523 m: 7 | under 914 m: 21 (2013)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]
YJ (2016)
Merchant marine [time series]
total: 77 | by type: bulk carrier 38, cargo 8, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 24, vehicle carrier 1 | foreign-owned: 72 (Belgium 1, Canada 5, China 1, Greece 3, Japan 39, Norway 1, Poland 9, Russia 7, Singapore 2, Taiwan 1, UAE 1, US 2) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 58
National air transport system [time series]
number of registered air carriers: 1 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 6 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 287,526 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1,510,732 mt-km (2015)
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
major seaport(s): Forari Bay, Luganville (Santo, Espiritu Santo), Port-Vila
Roadways [time series]
total: 1,070 km | paved: 256 km | unpaved: 814 km (2000) | country comparison to the world: 185