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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-owned, single-channel TV service; state-owned radio station and 4 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; foreign cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable in some parts of the country (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.gm

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

1,453 (2010) country comparison to the world: 162

Internet users [time series]

130,100 (2009) country comparison to the world: 150

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: adequate microwave radio relay and open-wire network; state-owned Gambia Telecommunications partially privatized in 2007 domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity, aided by multiple mobile-cellular providers, approached 85 per 100 persons in 2009 international: country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; a landing station for the Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) undersea fiber-optic cable is scheduled for completion in 2011; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2009)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

49,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 162

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

1.433 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 140

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats

Central bank discount rate [time series]

9% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 38 11% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

27% (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 6 27.92% (31 December 2007)

Current account balance [time series]

-$90 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 76 -$81 million (2009 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$530 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 159 $489 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

50.2 (1998) country comparison to the world: 23

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

The Gambia has sparse natural resource deposits and a limited agricultural base, and relies in part on remittances from workers overseas and tourist receipts. About three-quarters of the population depends on the agricultural sector for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. The Gambia's natural beauty and proximity to Europe has made it one of the larger markets for tourism in West Africa, boosted by government and private sector investments in eco-tourism and upscale facilities. In the past few years, The Gambia's re-export trade - traditionally a major segment of economic activity - has declined, but its banking sector has grown rapidly. Unemployment and underemployment rates remain high; economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, and on continued technical assistance from multilateral and bilateral donors. The quality of fiscal management, however, is weak. The government has promised to raise civil service wages over the next two years and the deficit is projected to worsen.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

148.8 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 182

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

160 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 180

Exchange rates [time series]

dalasis (GMD) per US dollar - 28.5193 (2010), 26.67 (2009), 22.75 (2008), 27.79 (2007), 28.066 (2006)

Exports [time series]

$107 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 191 $95 million (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels, re-exports

Exports - partners [time series]

India 42.06%, France 15.34%, UK 9.03%, China 7.38%, Hong Kong 4.55%, Belgium 3.97% (2009)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$1.04 billion (2010 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$3.406 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 173 $3.244 billion (2009 est.) $3.073 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 30.1% industry: 16.3% services: 53.6% (2010 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,900 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 190 $1,800 (2009 est.) $1,800 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 5.6% (2009 est.) 6.3% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 36.9% (2003)

Imports [time series]

$306 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 195 $280 million (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment

Imports - partners [time series]

China 20.45%, Senegal 11.97%, Brazil 8.48%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.71%, Netherlands 4.68%, US 4.49% (2009)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

8.9% country comparison to the world: 21 note: although The Gambia had the highest industrial growth rate in the world in 2009, this growth is from a tiny industrial base (2010 est.)

Industries [time series]

processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

5.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 152 4.6% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

28% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Labor force [time series]

777,100 (2007) country comparison to the world: 146

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 75% industry: 19% services: 6% (1996)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 182

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 175

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 176

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 193

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 176

Oil - consumption [time series]

2,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Oil - exports [time series]

42 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 134

Oil - imports [time series]

2,266 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 193

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 177

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$203 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 127 $224 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$453.9 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 172 $438.9 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$293.5 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 169 $283.7 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$222.9 million (31 December 2010 est) country comparison to the world: 172 $210.2 million (31 December 2009 est)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 11,295 sq km country comparison to the world: 166 land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,295 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly less than twice the size of Delaware

Climate [time series]

tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)

Coastline [time series]

80 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed elevation 53 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.03 cu km/yr (23%/12%/65%) per capita: 20 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

13 28 N, 16 34 W

Geography - note [time series]

almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa

Irrigated land [time series]

20 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 27.88% permanent crops: 0.44% other: 71.68% (2005)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: extent not specified

Natural hazards [time series]

drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)

Natural resources [time series]

fish, clay, silica sand, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon

Terrain [time series]

flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills

Total renewable water resources [time series]

8 cu km (1982)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western

Capital [time series]

name: Banjul geographic coordinates: 13 27 N, 16 34 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective 16 January 1997

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia conventional short form: The Gambia

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Cindy GREGG embassy: Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul mailing address: P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul telephone: [220] 439-2856, 437-6169, 437-6170 FAX: [220] 439-2475

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Alieu Momodou NGUM chancery: Suite 240, Georgetown Plaza, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379, 1399, 1425 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); note - from 1994 to 1996 he was chairman of the junta; Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 22 September 2006 (next to be held in 2011) election results: Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 67.3%, Ousainou DARBOE 26.6%, Halifa SALLAH 6%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green; red stands for the sun and the savannah, blue represents the Gambia River, and green symbolizes forests and agriculture; the white stripes denote unity and peace

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

18 February 1965 (from the UK)

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court

Legal system [time series]

based on a composite of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 members elected by popular vote, 5 appointed by the president; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 25 January 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APRC 47, UDP 4, NADD 1, independent 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "For The Gambia, Our Homeland" lyrics/music: Virginia Julie HOWE/adapted by Jeremy Frederick HOWE note: adopted 1965; the music is an adaptation of the traditional Mandinka song "Foday Kaba Dumbuya"

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 18 February (1965)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH] (the ruling party); Gambia People's Democratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance for Democracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

National Environment Agency or NEA; West African Peace Building Network-Gambian Chapter or WANEB-GAMBIA; Youth Employment Network Gambia or YENGambia other: special needs group advocates; teachers and principals

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty, but tensions have flared up intermittently since then. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH led a military coup in 1994 that overthrew the president and banned political activity. A new constitution and presidential elections in 1996, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. JAMMEH has been elected president in all subsequent elections including most recently in late 2006.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 402,073 females age 16-49: 406,100 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 238,006 females age 16-49: 248,065 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 20,858 female: 20,762 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Office of the Chief of Defense Staff: Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambian Navy (GN) (2010)

Military expenditures [time series]

0.9% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 139

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 43.6% (male 389,877/female 386,218) 15-64 years: 53.5% (male 472,216/female 479,595) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 24,985/female 25,190) (2010 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

37.31 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 22

Death rate [time series]

12.03 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

2% of GDP (2004) country comparison to the world: 170

Ethnic groups [time series]

African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% (2003 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.9% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

600 (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

8,200 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 67.49 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 22 male: 73.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 61.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Languages [time series]

English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 54.07 years country comparison to the world: 201 male: 52.32 years female: 55.86 years (2010 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.1% male: 47.8% female: 32.8% (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Median age [time series]

total: 18 years male: 17.9 years female: 18.2 years (2010 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Gambian(s) adjective: Gambian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 86

Population [time series]

1,824,158 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 147

Population growth rate [time series]

2.528% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Religions [time series]

Muslim 90%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 2%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 9 years male: 7 years female: 7 years (2004)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.96 children born/woman (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 57% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region, as well as from conflicts in other west African states

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 5,955 (Sierra Leone) (2007)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

1 (2010) country comparison to the world: 211

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2010)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 5 country comparison to the world: 130 by type: passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 1 (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Banjul

Roadways [time series]

total: 3,742 km country comparison to the world: 159 paved: 723 km unpaved: 3,019 km (2004)

Waterways [time series]

390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can reach 190 km) (2008) country comparison to the world: 90

Gambia, The