South Africa

.za

1.73 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 34

4.187 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 49

AM 14, FM 347 (plus 243 repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)

general assessment: the system is the best developed and most modern in Africa domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 110 telephones per 100 persons; consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, and wireless local loops; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria international: country code - 27; the SAT-3/WASC and SAFE fiber optic cable systems connect South Africa to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean)

4.425 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 35

45 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 24

556 (plus 144 network repeaters) (1997)

corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry, mutton, wool, dairy products

revenues: $77.43 billion expenditures: $79.9 billion (2008 est.)

11.5% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 32 11% (31 December 2007)

15.13% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 57 13.17% (31 December 2007)

-$20.98 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 177 -$20.78 billion (2007 est.)

$71.81 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 43 $75.28 billion (31 December 2007)

65 (2005) country comparison to the world: 2 59.3 (1994)

South Africa is a middle-income, emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; a stock exchange that is 17th largest in the world; and modern infrastructure supporting an efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region. Growth was robust from 2004 to 2008 as South Africa reaped the benefits of macroeconomic stability and a global commodities boom, but began to slow in the second half of 2008 due to the global financial crisis' impact on commodity prices and demand. However, unemployment remains high and outdated infrastructure has constrained growth. At the end of 2007, South Africa began to experience an electricity crisis because state power supplier Eskom suffered supply problems with aged plants, necessitating "load-shedding" cuts to residents and businesses in the major cities. Daunting economic problems remain from the apartheid era - especially poverty, lack of economic empowerment among the disadvantaged groups, and a shortage of public transportation. South African economic policy is fiscally conservative but pragmatic, focusing on controlling inflation, maintaining a budget surplus, and using state-owned enterprises to deliver basic services to low-income areas as a means to increase job growth and household income.

215.1 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

14.16 billion kWh (2008 est.)

10.57 billion kWh (2008 est.)

240.3 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 16

rand (ZAR) per US dollar - 7.9576 (2008 est.), 7.05 (2007), 6.7649 (2006), 6.3593 (2005), 6.4597 (2004)

$86.12 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 $75.92 billion (2007 est.)

gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment

Japan 11.1%, US 11.1%, Germany 8%, UK 6.8%, China 6%, Netherlands 5.2% (2008)

$276.8 billion (2008 est.)

$492.2 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 26 $477.4 billion (2007 est.) $454.2 billion (2006 est.) note: data are in 2008 US dollars

agriculture: 3.3% industry: 33.7% services: 63% (2008 est.)

$10,100 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 105 $9,900 (2007 est.) $9,500 (2006 est.) note: data are in 2008 US dollars

3.1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 122 5.1% (2007 est.) 5.3% (2006 est.)

lowest 10%: 1.3% highest 10%: 44.7% (2000)

$90.57 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 $81.66 billion (2007 est.)

machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs

Germany 11.2%, China 11.1%, US 7.9%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, Japan 5.5%, UK 4% (2008)

1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 123

mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair

11.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 162 6.5% (2007 est.)

23.2% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

17.79 million economically active (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

agriculture: 9% industry: 26% services: 65% (2007 est.)

$491.3 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 19 $833.5 billion (31 December 2007) $715 billion (31 December 2006)

6.45 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 120

3.2 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 40

3.25 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 53

27.16 million cu m (1 January 2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 102

583,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

128,500 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

490,500 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

195,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 41

15 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

50% (2000 est.)

31.6% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 45.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

$34.07 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 $32.94 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

$63.57 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 29 $65.88 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

$120 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 29 $110.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

$214.8 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 30 $254.9 billion (31 December 2007)

$44.66 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 23 $58.49 billion (31 December 2007)

$124.1 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 19 $141.9 billion (31 December 2007)

22.9% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 171 24.3% (2007 est.)

total: 1,219,090 sq km country comparison to the world: 25 land: 1,214,470 sq km water: 4,620 sq km note: includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island)

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights

2,798 km

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Njesuthi 3,408 m

lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage outpacing supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification

party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

total: 12.5 cu km/yr (31%/6%/63%) per capita: 264 cu m/yr (2000)

29 00 S, 24 00 E

South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland

14,980 sq km (2003)

total: 4,862 km border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km

arable land: 12.1% permanent crops: 0.79% other: 87.11% (2005)

Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Africa

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin

prolonged droughts

gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas

vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain

50 cu km (1990)

9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North-West, Western Cape

name: Pretoria (administrative capital) geographic coordinates: 25 42 S, 28 13 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)

10 December 1996; note - certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996; was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996; and entered into effect on 4 February 1997

conventional long form: Republic of South Africa conventional short form: South Africa former: Union of South Africa abbreviation: RSA

chief of mission: Ambassador Eric BOST embassy: 877 Pretorius Street, Pretoria mailing address: P. O. Box 9536, Pretoria 0001 telephone: [27] (12) 431-4000 FAX: [27] (12) 342-2299 consulate(s) general: Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg

chief of mission: Ambassador Welile Augustine NHLAPO chancery: 3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 232-4400 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1607 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

chief of state: President Jacob ZUMA (since 9 May 2009); Executive Deputy President Kgalema MOTLANTHE (since 11 May 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Jacob ZUMA (since 9 May 2009); Executive Deputy President Kgalema MOTLANTHE (since 11 May 2009) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 6 May 2009 (next to be held in 2014) election results: Jacob ZUMA elected president; National Assembly vote - Jacob ZUMA 277, Mvume DANDALA 47, other 76

two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band that splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes

republic

31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State); 31 May 1961 (republic declared) 27 April 1994 (majority rule)

ACP, AfDB, AU, BIS, C, FAO, G-20, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, NSG, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts

based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

bicameral Parliament consisting of the National Council of Provinces (90 seats, 10 members elected by each of the nine provincial legislatures for five-year terms; has special powers to protect regional interests, including the safeguarding of cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities) and the National Assembly (400 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms); note - following the implementation of the new constitution on 4 February 1997, the former Senate was disbanded and replaced by the National Council of Provinces with essentially no change in membership and party affiliations, although the new institution's responsibilities have been changed somewhat by the new constitution elections: National Assembly and National Council of Provinces - last held on 22 April 2009 (next to be held in April 2014) election results: National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 65.9%, DA 16.7%, COPE 7.4%, IFP 4.6%, other 5.4%; seats by party - ANC 264, DA 67, COPE 30, IFP 18, other 21

Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)

African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]; African National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA]; Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]; Democratic Alliance or DA [Helen ZILLE]; Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter MULDER]; Independent Democrats or ID [Patricia DE LILLE]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Motsoko PHEKO]; United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Lucas MANGOPE]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]

Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Zwelinzima VAVI, general secretary]; South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, general secretary]; South African National Civics Organization or SANCO [Mlungisi HLONGWANE, national president] note: note - COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the ANC

18 years of age; universal

Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of modern day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the East, founding the city of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers (the Boers) trekked north to found their own republics. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted British encroachments but were defeated in the Boer War (1899-1902); however, the British and the Afrikaners, as the Boers became known, ruled together under the Union of South Africa. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid - the separate development of the races. The first multi-racial elections in 1994 brought an end to apartheid and ushered in black majority rule under the African National Congress (ANC). ANC infighting, which has grown in recent years, came to a head in September 2008 after President Thabo MBEKI resigned. Kgalema MOTLANTHE, the party's General-Secretary, succeeded as interim president until general elections scheduled for 2009.

males age 16-49: 11,622,507 females age 16-49: 11,501,537 (2008 est.)

males age 16-49: 7,641,557 females age 16-49: 6,518,793 (2009 est.)

male: 511,616 female: 510,540 (2009 est.)

with the end of apartheid and the establishment of majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was considered complete

South African National Defense Force (SANDF): South African Army, South African Navy (SAN), South African Air Force (SAAF), Joint Operations Command, Military Intelligence, South African Military Health Services (2009)

1.7% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 98

18 years of age for voluntary military service; women are eligible to serve in noncombat roles; 2-year service obligation (2007)

0-14 years: 28.9% (male 7,093,328/female 7,061,579) 15-64 years: 65.8% (male 16,275,424/female 15,984,181) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 1,075,117/female 1,562,860) (2009 est.)

19.93 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

16.99 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 12

5.4% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 53

black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)

18.1% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 4

350,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 1

5.7 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 2

total: 44.42 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 59 male: 48.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 40.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census)

total population: 48.98 years country comparison to the world: 209 male: 49.81 years female: 48.13 years (2009 est.)

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 86.4% male: 87% female: 85.7% (2003 est.)

degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

total: 24.4 years male: 24.1 years female: 24.8 years (2009 est.)

noun: South African(s) adjective: South African

-0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population country comparison to the world: 95 note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2009 est.)

49,052,489 country comparison to the world: 24 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2009 est.)

0.281% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Zion Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%, Catholic 7.1%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Anglican 3.8%, Muslim 1.5%, other Christian 36%, other 2.3%, unspecified 1.4%, none 15.1% (2001 census)

total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2004)

at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

2.38 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

urban population: 61% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

South Africa has placed military along the border to apprehend the thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing economic dysfunction and political persecution; as of January 2007, South Africa also supports large numbers of refugees and asylum seekers from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (33,000), Somalia (20,000), Burundi (6,500), and other states in Africa (26,000); managed dispute with Namibia over the location of the boundary in the Orange River; in 2006, Swazi king advocates resort to ICJ to claim parts of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal from South Africa

transshipment center for heroin, hashish, and cocaine, as well as a major cultivator of marijuana in its own right; cocaine and heroin consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries, but increasingly producing its own synthetic drugs for domestic consumption; attractive venue for money launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the region and the size of the South African economy

refugees (country of origin): 10,772 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 7,818 (Somalia); 5,759 (Angola) (2007)

current situation: South Africa is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation; women and girls are trafficked internally - and occasionally to European and Asian countries - for sexual exploitation; women from other African countries are trafficked to South Africa and, less frequently, onward to Europe for sexual exploitation; men and boys are trafficked from neighboring countries for forced agricultural labor; Asian and Eastern European women are trafficked to South Africa for debt-bonded sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - South Africa is on the Tier 2 Watch List for a fourth consecutive year for its failure to show increasing efforts to address trafficking; the government provided inadequate data in 2007 on trafficking crimes investigated or prosecuted, or on resulting convictions or sentences; it also did not provide information on its efforts to protect victims of trafficking; the country continues to deport and/or prosecute suspected foreign victims without providing appropriate protective services (2008)

607 (2009) country comparison to the world: 11

total: 148 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 52 914 to 1,523 m: 68 under 914 m: 12 (2009)

total: 459 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 34 914 to 1,523 m: 298 under 914 m: 125 (2009)

1 (2009)

total: 3 country comparison to the world: 138 by type: container 1, petroleum tanker 2 foreign-owned: 1 (Denmark 1) registered in other countries: 8 (Bahamas 1, Nigeria 1, NZ 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Seychelles 1, UK 3) (2008)

condensate 11 km; gas 908 km; oil 980 km; refined products 1,379 km (2008)

Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay

total: 20,872 km country comparison to the world: 14 narrow gauge: 20,436 km 1.065-m gauge (8,271 km electrified); 436 km 0.610-m gauge (2008)

total: 362,099 km country comparison to the world: 18 paved: 73,506 km (includes 239 km of expressways) unpaved: 288,593 km (2002)