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Communications

Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

44 (Switzerland and Liechtenstein) (2000)

Internet country code [time series]

.ch

Internet users [time series]

3.85 million (2002)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 4, FM 113 (plus many low power stations), shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios [time series]

7.1 million (1997)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: excellent domestic and international services domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

4.82 million (1998)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

1.967 million (1999)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

115 (plus 1,919 repeaters) (1995)

Televisions [time series]

3.31 million (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

grains, fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs

Budget [time series]

revenues: $30 billion expenditures: $30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Swiss franc (CHF)

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

CHF

Debt - external [time series]

$NA

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

33 (1992)

Economic aid (Economic aid - donor) [time series]

ODA, $1.1 billion (1995) (1995)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Switzerland is a prosperous and stable modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP larger than that of the big western European economies. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to enhance their international competitiveness. Although the Swiss are not pursuing full EU membership in the near term, in 1999 Bern and Brussels signed agreements to further liberalize trade ties. They continue to discuss further areas for cooperation. Switzerland remains a safe haven for investors, because it has maintained a degree of bank secrecy and has kept up the franc's long-term external value. Reflecting the anemic economic conditions of Europe, GDP growth dropped in 2001 to about 0.8% and to about 0% in 2002.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

52.62 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports [time series]

31.4 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports [time series]

24.33 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production [time series]

64.182 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 4% hydro: 57% other: 2% (2000) nuclear: 37%

Exchange rates [time series]

Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997)

Exports [time series]

$100.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products

Exports - partners [time series]

EU 61% (Germany 22.2%, France 9%, Italy 8%, UK 5.3%), US 10.6%, Japan 3.9% (2001)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $231 billion (2002 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 2% industry: 34% services: 64% (2002 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $31,700 (2002 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

2% (2002 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 25% (1992)

Imports [time series]

$94.4 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles

Imports - partners [time series]

EU 79.9% (Germany 32.2%, France 11%, Italy 10.2%, Netherlands 5.9%, UK 4.6%), US 5.1% (2001)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3.2% (2001)

Industries [time series]

machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

0.5% (2002 est.)

Labor force [time series]

4 million (2001)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

services 69%, industry 26%, agriculture 5% (1998)

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Unemployment rate [time series]

1.9% (2002 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 41,290 sq km water: 1,520 sq km land: 39,770 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

Climate [time series]

temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Lake Maggiore 195 m highest point: Dufourspitze 4,634 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates [time series]

47 00 N, 8 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps

Irrigated land [time series]

250 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,852 km border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 10.57% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 88.82% (1998 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

avalanches, landslides, flash floods

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower potential, timber, salt

Terrain [time series]

mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; kantone, singular - kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausser-Rhoden, Appenzell Inner-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubunden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zurich

Capital [time series]

Bern

Constitution [time series]

29 May 1874

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Swiss Confederation conventional short form: Switzerland local short form: Schweiz (German), Suisse (French), Svizzera (Italian) local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German), Confederation Suisse (French), Confederazione Svizzera (Italian)

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Mercer REYNOLDS III embassy: Jubilaeumsstrasse 93, 3001 Bern mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [41] (031) 357 70 11 FAX: [41] (031) 357 73 44

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Christian BLICKENSTORFER consulate(s): Boston consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco FAX: [1] (202) 387-2564 telephone: [1] (202) 745-7900 chancery: 2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Pascal COUCHEPIN (since 1 January 2003); Vice President Ruth METZLER (since 1 January 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Pascal COUCHEPIN (since 1 January 2003); Vice President Ruth METZLER (since 1 January 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) elected by the Federal Assembly usually from among its own members for a four-year term elections: president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among the members of the Federal Council for one-year terms that run concurrently; election last held NA December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2003) election results: Pascal COUCHEPIN elected president; percent of Federal Assembly vote - NA%; Ruth METZLER elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - NA%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag

Government type [time series]

federal republic

Independence [time series]

1 August 1291 (Founding of the Swiss Confederation)

International organization participation [time series]

ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MONUC, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblee Federale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of the Council of States or Standerat (in German), Conseil des Etats (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats - members serve four-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats - members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Council of States - last held NA 1999 (each canton determines when the next election will be held); National Council - last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2003) election results: Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FDP 18, CVP 15, SVP 7, SPS 6; National Council - percent of vote by party - SPS 22.5%, SVP 22.6%, FDP 19.9%, CVP 15.8%, other small parties all under 5%; seats by party - SPS 51, SVP 44, FDP 43, CVP 35, Green Party 9, other small parties 18

National holiday [time series]

Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Christian Democratic People's Party (Christichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Philipp STAEHELIN, president]; Green Party (Grune Partei der Schweiz or Grune, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ruth GENNER and Patrice MUGNY, co-presidents]; Radical Free Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz or FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, Partitio Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Gerold BUEHRER, president]; Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christiane BRUNNER, president]; Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and other minor parties

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Switzerland's independence and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers and Switzerland was not involved in either of the two World Wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations, but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Air Force, Frontier Guards, Fortification Guards

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$2.548 billion (FY01)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

1% (FY01)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,841,867 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,561,689 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

20 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 42,597 (2002 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 16.8% (male 629,513; female 597,472) 15-64 years: 67.7% (male 2,512,273; female 2,433,396) 65 years and over: 15.5% (male 461,722; female 667,618) (2002 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

9.84 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate [time series]

8.79 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.46% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

150 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

17,000 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

4.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Languages [time series]

German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%, Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch 0.6%, other 8.9%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 79.86 years female: 82.89 years (2002 est.) male: 76.98 years

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA% female: NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Swiss (singular and plural) adjective: Swiss

Net migration rate [time series]

1.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Population [time series]

7,301,994 (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.24% (2002 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 46.1%, Protestant 40%, other 5%, none 8.9% (1990)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.47 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Illicit drugs [time series]

because of more stringent government regulations, used significantly less as a money-laundering center; transit country for and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

Transportation

Airports [time series]

66 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 41 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 14 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 25 under 914 m: 24 (2002)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2002)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 71,059 km (including 1,638 km of expressways) paved: 71,059 km unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 26 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 509,943 GRT/896,309 DWT ships by type: bulk 15, cargo 6, chemical tanker 4, petroleum tanker 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:, United Kingdom 6, United States 1 (2002 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 314 km; natural gas 1,506 km

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Basel

Railways [time series]

total: 4,406 km standard gauge: 3,440 km 1.435-m gauge dual gauge: 56 km 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (3 rail system) note: Swiss railways are virtually all electrified (2001) narrow gauge: 900 km 1.000-m gauge; 10 km 0.800-m gauge

Waterways [time series]

65 km note: The Rhine carries heavy traffic on the Basel-Rheinfelden and Schaffhausen-Bodensee stretches; there are also 12 navigable lakes