Airports [time series]

total: 16 usable: 16 with permanent-surface runways: 4 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 0 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 8

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: NA note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks

Merchant marine [time series]

40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,255,348 GRT/4,351,997 DWT, bulk carrier 23, cargo 2, combination ore/oil 1, container 1, oil tanker 13 note: a flag of convenience registry

Ports [time series]

Majuro

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

telephone network - 570 lines (Majuro) and 186 (Ebeye); telex services; islands interconnected by shortwave radio (used mostly for government purposes); broadcast stations - 1 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV, 1 shortwave; 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth stations; US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein

Affiliation [time series]

(overseas department of France)

Note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of the US

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

coconuts, cacao, taro, breadfruit, fruits, pigs, chickens

Budget [time series]

revenues: $55 million expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1987 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US is to provide approximately $40 million in aid annually

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 42,000 kW production: 80 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,840 kWh (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

US currency is used

Exports [time series]

$3.9 million (f.o.b., 1992 est) commodities: coconut oil, fish, live animals, trichus shells partners: US, Japan, Australia

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$NA

Fiscal year [time series]

1 October - 30 September

Imports [time series]

$62.9 million (c.i.f., 1992 est) commodities: foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, beverages and tobacco, fuels partners: US, Japan, Australia

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate NA%

Industries [time series]

copra, fish, tourism; craft items from shell, wood, and pearls; offshore banking (embryonic)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

7% (1992 est)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $63 million (1989 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$1,500 (1992 est)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

6% (1992)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Agriculture and tourism are the mainstays of the economy. Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. A few cattle ranches supply the domestic meat market. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. The tourist industry is the primary source of foreign exchange and employs about 10% of the labor force. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. In 1987 the US Government provided grants of $40 million out of the Marshallese budget of $55 million.

Unemployment rate [time series]

16% (1991 est)

Area [time series]

total area: 181.3 sq km land area: 181.3 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Washington, DC note: includes the atolls of Bikini, Eniwetak, and Kwajalein

Climate [time series]

wet season May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt

Coastline [time series]

370.4 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: inadequate supplies of safe drinking water natural hazards: occasionally subject to typhoons international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

claims US territory of Wake Island

Irrigated land [time series]

NA sq km

Land boundaries [time series]

0 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 0% permanent crops: 60% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 40%

Location [time series]

Oceania, Micronesia, in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way between Hawaii and Papua New Guinea

Map references [time series]

Oceania, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals

Note [time series]

two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Eniwetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range

Terrain [time series]

low coral limestone and sand islands

Administrative divisions [time series]

none

Capital [time series]

Majuro

Constitution [time series]

1 May 1979

Digraph [time series]

RM

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Wilfred I. KENDALL chancery: 2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-5414

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state and head of government: President Amata KABUA (since 1979); election last held 6 January 1992 (next to be held NA; results - President Amata KABUA was reelected) cabinet: Cabinet; president selects from the parliament

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

(202) 232-3236 consulate(s) general: Honolulu and Los Angeles

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

(692) 625-4012

Flag [time series]

blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes

Independence [time series]

21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court

Legal system [time series]

based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AsDB, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, WHO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands conventional short form: Marshall Islands former: Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)

National holiday [time series]

Proclamation of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1 May (1979)

Legislative branch (Parliament (Nitijela)) [time series]

elections last held 18 November 1991 (next to be held November 1995); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (33 total)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

no formal parties; President KABUA is chief political (and traditional) leader

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador David C. FIELDS embassy: NA address, Majuro mailing address: P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379 telephone: (692) 625-4011

Birth rate [time series]

46.31 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate [time series]

7.68 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Micronesian

Infant mortality rate [time series]

49.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Labor force [time series]

4,800 (1986) by occupation: NA

Languages [time series]

English (universally spoken and is the official language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 63.13 years male: 61.6 years female: 64.74 years (1994 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 93% male: 100% female: 88%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Marshallese (singular and plural) adjective: Marshallese

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Population [time series]

54,031 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

3.86% (1994 est.)

Religions [time series]

Christian (mostly Protestant)

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.94 children born/woman (1994 est.)