Roadways (Highways) [time series]

none; all city streets

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

850 m, 750 mm gauge (links with Italian network near the Rome station of Saint Peter's)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

broadcast stations - 3 AM, 4 FM, no TV; 2,000-line automatic telephone exchange; no communications satellite systems

Note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City

Budget [time series]

revenues $86 million; expenditures $178 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Vatican lira (VLit) = 100 centesimi

Electricity [time series]

5,000 kW standby capacity (1992); power supplied by Italy

Exchange rates [time series]

Vatican lire (VLit) per US$1 - 1,482.5 (January 1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988); note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira which circulates freely

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Industries [time series]

printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.

Area [time series]

total area: 0.44 km2 land area: 0.44 km2 comparative area: about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Climate [time series]

temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

urban

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

none

Irrigated land [time series]

0 km2

Land boundaries [time series]

total 3.2 km, Italy 3.2 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100%

Location [time series]

Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome - central Italy

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

none

Note [time series]

landlocked; enclave of Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights

Terrain [time series]

low hill

Capital [time series]

Vatican City

Constitution [time series]

Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968)

Digraph [time series]

VT

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Apostolic Pro-Nuncio Archbishop Agostino CACCIAVILLAN chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 333-7121

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

Pope: last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals

Executive branch [time series]

pope

Flag [time series]

two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal tiara centered in the white band

Independence [time series]

11 February 1929 (from Italy)

Judicial branch [time series]

none; normally handled by Italy

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978) Head of Government: Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since NA)

Legal system [time series]

NA

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Pontifical Commission

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CSCE, IAEA, ICFTU, IMF (observer), INTELSAT, IOM (observer), ITU, OAS (observer), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)

National holiday [time series]

Installation Day of the Pope, 22 October (1978) (John Paul II) note: Pope John Paul II was elected on 16 October 1978

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

none

Suffrage [time series]

limited to cardinals less than 80 years old

Government type (Type) [time series]

monarchical-sacerdotal state

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Raymond L. FLYNN embassy: Villino Pacelli, Via Aurelia 294, 00165 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, APO AE 09624 telephone: [396] 46741 FAX: [396] 638-0159

Birth rate [time series]

NA births/1,000 population

Death rate [time series]

NA deaths/1,000 population

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Italians, Swiss

Infant mortality rate [time series]

NA deaths/1,000 live births

Labor force [time series]

NA by occupation: dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers who live outside the Vatican

Languages [time series]

Italian, Latin, various other languages

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years

Literacy [time series]

total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun: none adjective: none

Net migration rate [time series]

NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Population [time series]

811 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

1.15% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic

Total fertility rate [time series]

NA children born/woman